scholarly journals KEADILAN PROPORSIONAL DALAM PEMBAGIAN WARIS ANAK ANGKAT

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadhita Ramadhita
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foster Child ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Era

<p>The  existence  of  a  religion  in  the  modern  era,  is  determined  by  its  velocity  to  respond and resolve the problems of life creatively, by means of ijtihad, with a wide range of its methodology.  A  progressive  steps  have  been  carried  out  by  Indonesian’s  scholars  by giving rights to the relics of a foster child by testament wajibah, regulated in article 209 compilation of Islamic law. Though it is never cached prearranged classical fiqh. Thus, even though in its development of article 209 hasn’t been able to reflect justice. Therefore, the part that was accepted by the adopted child may be smaller than the other heirs, regardless of contributions or services that have been given a foster child to adoptive parents</p> <p>Eksistensi suatu agama di era modern, ditentukan bagaimana merespon dan menyelesaikan problem kehidupan secara kreatif dengan cara ijtihad, dengan berbagai macam metodologinya. Langkah  progresif  telah  dilakukan  oleh  ulama  Indonesia  dengan  memberikan  hak  dari harta peninggalan kepada anak angkat melalui wasiat wajibah, yang diatur dalam Pasal 209 Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Padahal hal ini tidak pernah diatur sebelumnya di dalam khazanah  fiqh  klasik.  Meskipun  dimikian,  dalam  perkembangannya  Pasal  209 belum mampu mencerminkan keadilan. Sebab, bagian yang diterima oleh anak angkat bisa jadi lebih kecil dari bagian ahli waris lain, tanpa mempertimbangkan kontribusi atau jasa yang telah diberikan anak angkat kepada orang tua angkatnya.</p>

scholarly journals The Fully Conscious Ape

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Savage-Rumbaugh ◽  
Itai Roffman ◽  
Sabatien Lingomo ◽  
Elizabeth Pugh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transfer Index ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Current Experience

Duane Rumbaugh was one of the first primatologists of the modern era (which began after WWII), to engage in comparative studies of the cognitive capacities of nonhuman primates. In fact, it was Rumbaugh who drew the world's attention to the Order Primates and who helped initiate the International Primatological Society, IPS, the first academic society to be organized around an Order rather than a discipline. His work eventually led in two directions, first the development of the Transfer Index, a was completely new way of looking at learning. The TI seperated monkeys from apes as completely as did Gallup's mirror task. From this arose the Primate Test Battery, a video based system to test cognitive skills across a wide range of tasks from memory to numerical skils in primates. The other direction was to look at language and its effect on cognition. Only Apes succeeded in the laguage tasks. With Lana's success arose a raft of critiques that - in the light of more recent findings about the structure of human language, are now rendered invalid. Rumbaugh's initial findings in all domains has remained sound. This includes fundamental differences between monkeys and apes in their capacity to spontaneously begin control their attention, to consciously monitor their own behavior, and then to alter it deliberately, or by their own choice. It is the ape's conscious capacity to control its attention and to conciously monitor outcomes in a cause/effect manner, that allows for the acquisition of langauge. This also allows for the creation of "personal self", as a being that exists apart from the current experience of the self. Language greatly assists the emergence of this ability in apes, as does early rearing in which the ape is carried but not seperated from its mother. This allows pointing and joint reference to appear far ahead of schedule and for the spontaneouls development of human language in cross-species co-reared apes. The presence of a wild-reared mother (not present in other captive environments)also allows for the emergence of a nonhuman form of vocal language. The implications of this work for future investigations of apes are discussed.

scholarly journals ANAK ANGKAT DALAM HUKUM KEWARISAN ISLAM DAN HUKUM PERDATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Nur Aisyah
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Biological Children ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe issue of adoption has been determined in Islamic law and civil law. Where both legal instruments state that the adoption of a child is something that is allowed as long as it is in the best interest of the adopted child. However, problems arise regarding adoption of children associated with inheritance issues. In Islamic law and civil law have different provisions. In Islamic law the status of adopted children can’t be equated with biological children so that they can’t receive inheritance from their adopted parents. However, the adopted child is entitled to get a will from his adoptive parents provided that no more than one-third of the assets of the adoptive parents. Whereas according to the law code of civil law states that the adopted child as a family member can get the inheritance from the adoptive parents based on the provisions of the applicable law (ab instestato) or with a will (testament).Keywords: Adopted Children, Civil Law, Inheritance, Islamic Law, Mandatory Wills.AbstrakPersoalan pengangkatan anak telah ditentukan dalam hukum Islam dan hukum perdata. Dimana kedua perangkat hukum tersebut menyatakan bahwa pengangkatan anak adalah sesuatu yang diperbolehkan selama demi kepentingan terbaik bagi anak angkat. Akan tetapi muncul persoalan terhadap pengangkatan anak yang dikaitkan dengan persoalan waris. Dalam hukum Islam dan hukum perdata mempunyai ketentuan yang berbeda. Dalam hukum Islam status anak angkat itu tidak dapat disamakan dengan anak kandung sehingga tidak dapat menerima harta warisan dari orang tua angkatnya. Meskipun demikian, anak angkat tersebut berhak mendapatkan wasiat dari orang tua angkatnya dengan ketentuan tidak boleh lebih dari sepertiga harta kekayaan orang tua angkat. Sedangkan menurut kitab undang-undang hukum perdata menyatakan bahwa anak angkat sebagai anggota keluarga dapat memperoleh harta warisan dari orang tua angkatnya berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang yang berlaku (ab instestato) ataupun dengan adanya surat wasiat (testament).Kata Kunci : Anak Angkat, Hukum Islam, Hukum Perdata, Warisan, Wasiat Wajibah.

scholarly journals WASIAT TERHADAP HARTA PENINGGALAN UNTUK ANAK ANGKAT DIPANDANG DARI HUKUM ISLAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ade Kurniawan Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Way

Abstract: Islamic jurists suggest that a will is ownership based on a person who declares a will died in the way of goodness without demanding compensation or tabarru '. In Islamic law, adopted children are not heirs, so if the adoptive parents die, the adopted child does not get a heritage. However, of course this is not fair for adopted children who are like their own children by their adoptive parents. For this reason, a will for the adopted child is needed to obtain the inheritance of the adoptive parents. The purpose of this study, namely: 1). To study and explain the provisions of Islamic law regarding testaments to inheritance. 2). To study and explain the provisions of Islamic law regarding testaments to inheritance for adopted children. This type of research belongs to the category of normative legal research. Conclusion, Many inheritance that can be inherited for adopted children is as much as 1/3 of all assets left behind, where the assets are in the distribution system that before the distribution of inheritance to the heirs is carried out, the obligatory will must be fulfilled first. In the division of obligatory wills, which have been determined according to Islamic law, what must be considered is that the part of the adopted child is a third part and must not exceed the minimum portion received by the heirs.Keywords: testament, adoption, inheritance

scholarly journals Konsep Waris Anak Angkat dalam Wasiat Wajibah Perspektif KHI dan Prof. Wahbah Zuhaili

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
Nur Farikha ◽  
M. Ali Syaifudin Zuhri
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Will ◽  
Legal Consequences

When a human couple performs a marriage, then both are not blessed with a child. One way for the couple is to adopt a child, the law is fine as long as it fulfills the conditions prescribed by religion. This was done by the Prophet Muhammad. Adoption of children must meet state requirements, namely through court channels. Because something related to the rules certainly has a positive impact on the public, namely maslahah ummah. There are several legal consequences when someone is adopted as a child, one of which is if one of the adoptive parents or the adopted child has died there is an appreciation given by one of them. The author conducted this research to describe the concept of wills for adopted children in the distribution of inheritance according to KHI and Prof. Wahbah Zuhaili. The author in this study uses the analytical approach research method, namely an approach that is carried out by analyzing the thoughts of a character in this case Prof. Zuhaili, and its comparison with KHI. The conclusion found in this study is the wills of the compulsory will be something very new in Islam, especially when it comes to adopted children. Therefore, the concept of inheritance for adopted children is in the form of a mandatory will, which has been stipulated in the Islamic Law Compilation that a will when it is not disclosed by the adoptive parents, the adopted child will still receive a will, at most a third of the assets of the adoptive parents. Meanwhile, Prof. Wahbah Zuhaili stated that the will is obligatory for relatives and parents (people who are related by blood) because they are prevented from inheriting.

PENGATURAN PELAKSANAAN PASAL 209 KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG WASIAT WAJIBAH TERHADAP ANAK ANGKAT MELALUI AKTA YANG DIBUAT NOTARIS DALAM BENTUK NOTARIIL

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Yanuar Dwiyan Putra ◽  
Sri Endah Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The Will ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Mandatory Provision

Research on "Implementation Arrangement of Article 209 Compilation of Islamic Law About Testament Required To Child Lift Through Notary Act Notarized In Notarial Form" aims To know and analyze the basic law of mandatory testament to adopted child in terms of Islamic inheritance law and Compilation of Islamic Law, To know and analyzing the legal consequences of the mandatory provision of the adopted child, To know and analyze the notary's responsibility as a mandatory certificate deed for adopted children.The basis of the law of provision of natural must must be preceded by the love and affection of adoptive parents to adopted children, so that parents want to be fair to their adopted children. The will is basically only given to the heirs who do not receive the inheritance due to being heaved by the heirs who are closer to the heirs. Provision of a mandatory will to an adopted child if it is based on Article 209 paragraph (2) of the Compilation of Islamic Law shall not cause any legal consequences resulting in a dispute between the adopted child and the principal heir of the heir. Because in Article 209 paragraph (2) Compilation of Islamic Law explains "Against adopted child who does not receive will is given a will as much as 1/3 of the inheritance of his adoptive parents". Notary besides being responsible in making the deed of will is also responsible in its implementation.Keywords: Wills Wajibah, Adopted Children, Compilation of Islamic Law, Notary Public

scholarly journals PENGATURAN WASIAT WAJIBAH TERHADAP ANAK ANGKAT MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ade Kurniawan Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Mandatory Requirement

Abstract: The inheritance law is an approved law regarding the transfer of assets issued by a person who is delayed and the consequences for his heirs. In a will which is also called a mandatory will, a will is usually given to people who are not heirs. Mandatory obligation is a mandatory requirement for every Muslim to provide part of the inheritance to family members needed and for adopted children. The type of research used in this journal is a normative legal research method. Normative research or library research is legal research conducted by examining library material or mere secondary data. Normative legal research is to consider the relationship between the legal sciences and positive law. Mandatory wills are made as a basis by the Compilation of Islamic Law to provide part of the inheritance's inheritance for adopted children who may not be given a will by the testator, or adoptive parents who are not given a will by the heir (adopted child). The existence of mandatory provisions in the Compilation of Islamic Law is a bridge that determines the inequality that has occurred so far between adopted children and adoptive parents who have not inherited from each other, because there is indeed no provision to inherit each other between.Keywords: Mandatory Testament; Adopted Child; Islamic law;

scholarly journals Comparison Between The Position Of Adopted Children In Islamic Law Inheritance Based On Islamic Law Compilation (KHI) With The Book Of Civil Law

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Agil Aladdin ◽  
Akhmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Biological Children ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Article 5

This research aims to knowing position adopted child in Islamic Law Compilation with the Book of Civil Law; and Similarities and Differences position adopted children in inheritance of Islamic Law Compilation with the Book of Civil Law; This research method using normative juridical research with comparative approach (comparative). The results were obtained conclusions from Islamic Law Compilation in terms of inheritance, uninterrupted lineage adopted children with biological parents, who turned just the responsibility of the biological parents to the adoptive parents. The adopted child does not become heir of adopted parents. In Gazette No. 129 Of 1917. In Article 5 through Article 15. The position adopted child found in Article 12 to equate a child with a legitimate child of the marriage of the lift. According to the Civil Law for the adopted child the same as for biological children. While in KHI adopted children get as much as 1/3 of the estate left by his adoptive parents (Article 209 KHI) exception has been assigned the consent of all the heirs.Keywords: Heritage; Adopted; Testament.

scholarly journals Hukum waris dalam kompilasi hukum Islam perspektif filsafat hukum

TERAJU ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Maylissabet Maylissabet
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law

Abstrak Hukum Waris Islam adalah hukum yang mengatur peninggalan harta seseorang yang telah meninggal dunia dan diberikan kepada yang berhak. Indonesia mempunyai Kompilasi Hukum Islam yang mengatur hukum waris Islam, yang berisi pembahasan tentang ahli waris dan bagian warisan. Di dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam terdapat beberapa pembaharuan hukum waris yang belum ada pada masa sebelumnya, seperti pembagian harta waris untuk anak angkat, orang tua angkat, dan ahli waris non-muslim. Hal ini menjadikan penulis merasa tertarik untuk mengkaji lebih dalam hukum waris Islam dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam dengan menggunakan kacamata filsafat hukum. Hukum Kewarisan Indonesia menggunakan mazhab hukum sosiologi. Mazhab hukum sosiologi sesuai dengan keadaan masyarakat karena sangat mempertimbangkan adat yang ada di masyarakat.   Kata kunci: Hukum Waris, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Filsafat Hukum.   Abstrac Islamic Inheritance Law is a law that regulates heritage treasure someone who has passed away and given to the beneficiary. Indonesia has set the Compilation of Islamic Law Islamic law of inheritance, such as heirs and inheritance. In the Compilation of Islamic Law, there are several updates to the law of inheritance that do not have in the past, such as the division of the estate for the adopted child, the adoptive parents, and non-Muslim heirs. It makes the writer feel compelled to study deeper the Islamic law of inheritance in Islamic Law Compilation by using glasses philosophy of law. Indonesian Inheritance Law uses a school of sociology law. The school of sociology law is in accordance with the conditions of the community because it takes into account the existing customs in the community.   Keywords: Law of Inheritance, Islamic Law Compilation, Philosophy of Law.

scholarly journals Penerapan Wasiat Wajibah Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) Dalam Kajian Normatif Yuridis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Eko Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Foster Parent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foster Child ◽  
Last Will And Testament

Abstract: Wasiat wajibah is a last will and testament allocated to the heirs or relatives who does not acquired the inheritance of the deceased, because of the obstacle of syara. It also can be interpreted as a mandatory gift to the heirs or the families especially grandchilds who were barred from receiving the inheritance because their parents died before their grandparents died, or their parents and their grandparents died together. It is because there are their uncle(s) or aunt(s) who causing them to be barred from receiving the inheritance based on hereditary law. Wasiat wajibah is an exercise of the last will and testament or a message that should be carried out and addressed to the person who has been abandoned. According to Compilation of Islamic Law, the allocation of inheritance for foster child can be done through grants or through wasiat wajibah with the amount should not exceed 1/3 of inheritance of foster parent, this is to protect the other heirs. Abstrak: Wasiat wajibah adalah suatu wasiat yang diperuntukan kepada ahli waris atau kerabat yang tidak memperoleh bagian harta warisan dari orang yang wafat, karena adanya suatu halangan syara. Wasiat wajibah juga dapat diartikan sebagai suatu pemberian yang wajib kepada ahli waris atau kaum keluarga terutama cucu yang terhalang dari menerima harta warisan karena ibu atau ayah mereka meninggal sebelum kakek atau nenek mereka meninggal atau meninggal bersamaan. Ini karena berdasarkan hukum waris mereka terhalang dari mendapat bagian harta peninggalan kakek dan neneknya karena ada ahli waris paman atau bibi kepada cucu tersebut. Wasiat wajibah merupakan suatu pelaksanaan wasiat atau suatu pesan yang harus dilaksanakan dan ditujukan kepada orang yang ditinggalkan (orang yang masih hidup) akan memberikan harta peninggalannya kepada anak angkat. Pembagian harta warisan bagi anak angkat menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam adalah dengan jalan melalui hibah atau dengan jalan wasiat wajibah dengan syarat tidak boleh melebihi 1/3 (sepertiga) dari harta warisan orang tua angkatnya, hal ini untuk melindungi ahli waris lainnya.

scholarly journals The Adoption of Found Child According to Islamic Law and Law No. 3 of 2006 on Religious Courts in the Perspective of Maqasid Al-Shari'ah

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Siti Muniroh ◽  
Khoiruddin Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Child Adoption ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Religious Courts

Islam is a religion that regulates everything in the life of Muslims. No exception in the case of adoption, the jurisdiction of the court up to the adoption of a minor. in the case of child adoption. Today, Islam applies limitations in some matters, such as the prohibition of lineage, the establishment of non-mahram relationships to the issue of inheritance and guardianship. In addition to that field, there is the authority of the judge in the Religious Court to be ijtihad to determine the best decision for the child of the findings as the extent of its authority is based on Law No. 3 of 2006 on Religious Justice. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the legal impact on the adoption status of the findings based on the rationale maqasidus syar'i and its relevance to the development of Islamic law. Research methods use the study of literature through its sources of reference through primary law, both derived from religious sources and from positive legal sources that apply in Indonesia. In addition, the researcher used jurisprudence from the relevant judicial decisions used.The results of this research are (1) through the approach of maqasid al shari'ah doruriyah that children (including children of discovery) must be protected their rights, both their right to life (an nafs) and their intellect (al aql), the right of lineage, religion, as well as paying attention to his rights, including his right to obtain the obligatory will/right of inheritance from the parents who raised him (al maal), (2) The legal impact is, the child is found as a person, he is an orphan so the religious treatment is the same as an orphan. While the adopted child then the legal status can be assessed through recognition by the adoptive parents such as the child of guardianship, then the adopted child has the right to be guarded by his adoptive parents due to the absence of a lineage guardian. (3) While the relevance to the development of Islamic law is that in maintenance (other than the issue of lineage and inheritance), then the child has the same protection and education status of both adoptive parents. There is a need for efforts from various related parties to prioritize the benefits to protect from unwanted things and save the lives of children.

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