scholarly journals Comparison of clinical dementia rating scale and clock drawing test in elderly without dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
A Shamsollah ◽  
A Farhadinasab ◽  
S Noorbakhsh ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Dementia Rating Scale

scholarly journals A-035 What Make Them Tick? The Clock Drawing Test and Correlations Between Cognitive and Functional Abilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-825
Author(s):  
Gold D ◽  
Boulos K ◽  
Coolbrith N ◽  
Piryatinsky I
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Mattis Dementia Rating Scale ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Error Types

Abstract Objective The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is among the most researched cognitive measures and is frequently used to screen for neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). No study to date has investigated the relationship between qualitative errors on the CDT and independence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) or discrete cognitive abilities. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the correlations between qualitative errors on the CDT and IADL status as well as performance in individual cognitive domains. Method Data were retrospectively collected from patients seen at an outpatient clinic in eastern Massachusetts, including 16 healthy controls, 22 patients with mild NCD, and 35 patients with major NCD. Analyses were performed between qualitative errors on the CDT and patients’ scores on the Lawton IADL Scale, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2), Digit Span Forward and Backward, Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Results IADL scores were moderately correlated with CDT error types. DRS-2 scores were strongly correlated commission of qualitative errors. Strong to very strong correlations were observed between TMT parts A & B scores and all qualitative error types. BNT performance was strongly correlated with conceptual deficits and spatial/planning errors. Digit Span Forward and Backward scores showed low correlations with all CDT errors. Conclusions Functional status appears only moderately correlated with commission of various CDT errors; however, several cognitive measures showed high correlation with various CDT error types. These findings suggest that certain qualitative errors may be indicative of cognitive impairments warranting further workup. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.

Clinical manifestations of neurosyphilis in women of reproductive age

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Maria L Chuhlovina ◽  
Denis V Zaslavsky ◽  
Ekaterina A Bichun
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Mattis Dementia Rating Scale ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Dementia Rating Scale

The research objective is investigation of clinical manifestations of neurosyphilis in women of reproductive age. The diagnoses were based on complaints, anamnestic information, neurological examinations, dermatovenerology consultations, serological blood and liquor tests. All the patients underwent psychometric tests. The following methods were used: mini-mental state examination (MMSE), “Frontal Assessment Battery”, Clinical Dementia Rating scale, Clock drawing test, “Information-Memory-Consideration Concentration” test, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. Nine patients with early neurosyphilis (between the ages of 18 to 40) and eight patients with late neurosyphilis (between the ages of 28 to 43) were surveyed. Syphilitic meningitis (six cases), meningovascular neurosyphilis (three cases) were found in patients with early neurosyphilis. As for the patients with late neurosyphilis, two of them were diagnosed to have syphilitic meningitis, two patients had meningovascular neurosyphilis, two had progressive paralysis, tabes dorsalis was identified in one patient, one had taboparalysis. Only three patients showed specific skin and mucic manifestations. The patients at all the stages of neurosyphilis demonstrated mild cognitive impairments. Moderate dementia was found in one patient with early meningovascular neurosyphilis and one patient with progressive paralysis. This article considers a clinical case of a female patient with early syphilitic meningitis who had a baby with congenital syphilis.

Clock Drawing Test in Elderly Individuals With Different Education Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 620-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Francisca Cecato ◽  
Bruna Fiorese ◽  
José Maria Montiel ◽  
Daniel Bartholomeu ◽  
José Eduardo Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Years Of Schooling

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the performance in Clock Drawing Test (CDT) of the elderly individuals assessed in a geriatric clinic, with at least 1 year of schooling, comparing with other groups with higher education and with  Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) levels. The study also aims to correlate the results of CDT and other used diagnostic tests for dementia by CDR levels, providing additional validity evidence to the CDT. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 426 elderly individuals, >60 years old and at least 1 year of education. All participants searched for medical assistance at Geriatric and Gerontology Ambulatory of Jundiaí city, in Brazil. The community-dwelling outpatients previously undergone a detailed clinical examination and neuropsychological evaluation: Cambrigde Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), andCDT. To differentiate data from diagnostic groups based on CDR, it Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Pearson statistics were calculated to compare data from CDT and CDR. The statistical analyses were 2-tailed and were considered significant when P < .05. Results: Regarding CDT, groups with more years of schooling showed similar means in CDR = 0 and CDR = 0.5 and in CDR = 1 and CDR = 2. Shulman and Sunderland scale were high score in groups with more years of education and above of cutoff points in all CDT score. On the contrary, in Mendez scale we did not observed similar means. Otherwise, in the group with less years of schooling greater means differences in the CDT were observed. Conclusion: The CDT did not show a strong correlation with MMSE and CAMCOG, both important instruments in Brazilian population to investigate dementia. For elderly individuals with high education levels, the CDT did not seem to be a good test to detect cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Early impairment of cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (2b) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florindo Stella ◽  
Lilian T. B. Gobbi ◽  
Sebastião Gobbi ◽  
Merlyn M. Oliani ◽  
Kátia Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Visuospatial Skills ◽  
Disease Rating

BACKGROUND: Impairment in non-motor functions such as disturbances of some executive functions are also common events in Parkinson's disease patients. OBJECTIVE: To verify the performance of Parkinson's disease patients in activities requiring visuoconstructive and visuospatial skills. METHOD: Thirty elderly patients with mild or moderate stages of Parkinson's disease were studied. The assessment of the clinical condition was based on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (56.28; SD=33.48), Hoehn and Yahr (2.2; SD=0.83), Schwab and England (78.93%), clock drawing test (7.36; SD=2.51), and mini-mental state examination (26.48; SD=10.11). Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The patients presented deterioration in visuospatial and visuoconstructive skills. CONCLUSION: The clock drawing test proved to be a useful predictive tool for identifying early cognitive impairment in thesbe individuals.

scholarly journals Classifying Non-Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease/Vascular Dementia Patients Using Kinematic, Time-Based, and Visuospatial Parameters: The Digital Clock Drawing Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Davoudi ◽  
Catherine Dion ◽  
Shawna Amini ◽  
Patrick J. Tighe ◽  
Catherine C. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Digital Clock ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Optimal Area

Background: Advantages of digital clock drawing metrics for dementia subtype classification needs examination. Objective: To assess how well kinematic, time-based, and visuospatial features extracted from the digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) can classify a combined group of Alzheimer’s disease/Vascular Dementia patients versus healthy controls (HC), and classify dementia patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: Healthy, community-dwelling control participants (n = 175), patients diagnosed clinically with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 29), and vascular dementia (n = 27) completed the dCDT to command and copy clock drawing conditions. Thirty-seven dCDT command and 37 copy dCDT features were extracted and used with Random Forest classification models. Results: When HC participants were compared to participants with dementia, optimal area under the curve was achieved using models that combined both command and copy dCDT features (AUC = 91.52%). Similarly, when AD versus VaD participants were compared, optimal area under the curve was, achieved with models that combined both command and copy features (AUC = 76.94%). Subsequent follow-up analyses of a corpus of 10 variables of interest determined using a Gini Index found that groups could be dissociated based on kinematic, time-based, and visuospatial features. Conclusion: The dCDT is able to operationally define graphomotor output that cannot be measured using traditional paper and pencil test administration in older health controls and participants with dementia. These data suggest that kinematic, time-based, and visuospatial behavior obtained using the dCDT may provide additional neurocognitive biomarkers that may be able to identify and tract dementia syndromes.

scholarly journals Digital Clock Drawing: Differentiating “Thinking” versus “Doing” in Younger and Older Adults with Depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 920-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Cohen ◽  
Dana L. Penney ◽  
Randall Davis ◽  
David J. Libon ◽  
Rodney A. Swenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Psychomotor Slowing ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Digital Clock ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Time To Completion ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Depressed Group

AbstractPsychomotor slowing has been documented in depression. The digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) provides: (i) a novel technique to assess both cognitive and motor aspects of psychomotor speed within the same task and (ii) the potential to uncover subtleties of behavior not previously detected with non-digitized modes of data collection. Using digitized pen technology in 106 participants grouped by Age (younger/older) and Affect (euthymic/unmedicated depressed), we recorded cognitive and motor output by capturing how the clock is drawn rather than focusing on the final product. We divided time to completion (TTC) for Command and Copy conditions of the dCDT into metrics of percent of drawing (%Ink) versus non-drawing (%Think) time. We also obtained composite Z-scores of cognition, including attention/information processing (AIP), to explore associations of %Ink and %Think times to cognitive and motor performance. Despite equivalent TTC, %Ink and %Think Command times (Copy n.s.) were significant (AgeXAffect interaction: p=.03)—younger depressed spent a smaller proportion of time drawing relative to thinking compared to the older depressed group. Command %Think time negatively correlated with AIP in the older depressed group (r=−.46; p=.02). Copy %Think time negatively correlated with AIP in the younger depressed (r=−.47; p=.03) and older euthymic groups (r=−.51; p=.01). The dCDT differentiated aspects of psychomotor slowing in depression regardless of age, while dCDT/cognitive associates for younger adults with depression mimicked patterns of older euthymics. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–9)

The Four-Point Scoring System for the Clock Drawing Test Does Not Differentiate between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
April R. Wiechmann ◽  
James R. Hall ◽  
Sid O'bryant
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Drawing Test

The purpose of this study was to explore the sensitivity and specificity of the Clock Drawing Test by using a widely employed four-point scoring system to discriminate between patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the Clock Drawing Test was able to distinguish between normal elders and those with a dementia diagnosis. The cutoff score for differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease from normal participants was = 3. The cutoff score for differentiating those with vascular disease from normal participants was = 3. Overall, the four-point scoring system demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for identifying cognitive dysfunction associated with dementia; however, the current findings do not support the utility of the four-point scoring system in discriminating Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

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