Articulated Thoughts and Styles of Self-Presentation in Heterosexual Anxiety

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen W. Bates ◽  
Henry J. Jackson ◽  
Jeanette Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Articulated Thoughts ◽  
Negative Thoughts

This study adopted a self-presentation perspective to examine cognitive factors involved in maintaining social anxiety in men in heterosexual situations. The self-regulatory appraisals of 25 socially anxious and 25 nonanxious men were compared using a modified version of the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations (ATSS) procedure (Davison, Robins, & Johnson, 1983). Subjects viewed videotapes of two enacted situations between a male actor and a female actor which differed on whether the individuals were strangers or acquaintances. The subjects were instructed to identify with different male actors who depicted contrasting styles of self-presentation. In contrast to nonanxious men, socially anxious subjects consistently made pessimistic self-appraisals, articulating more negative self-focused thoughts, and displaying negative self-other biases. However, nonanxious men showed equivalent levels of self-focused negative thoughts in response to representations of a protective style of self-presentation. Unexpectedly, for all subjects, the less intimate first meeting situation elicited more negative self-focused thoughts than did the more intimate dating situation. The findings are discussed in terms of self-regulatory components of self-presentational styles and the implications for treatment of social anxiety.

Social anxiety, self-presentation, and the self-serving bias in causal attribution.

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Arkin ◽  
Alan J. Appelman ◽  
Jerry M. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Presentation

scholarly journals The Relation Between Social Anxiety and Audience Perception: Examining Clark and Wells’ (1995) Model Among Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke W. Blöte ◽  
Anne C. Miers ◽  
David A. Heyne ◽  
David M. Clark ◽  
P. Michiel Westenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Social Event ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Clark and Wells’ cognitive model of social anxiety proposes that socially anxious individuals have negative expectations of performance prior to a social event, focus their attention predominantly on themselves and on their negative self-evaluations during an event, and use this negative self-processing to infer that other people are judging them harshly. Aims: The present study tested these propositions. Method: The study used a community sample of 161 adolescents aged 14–18 years. The participants gave a speech in front of a pre-recorded audience acting neutrally, and participants were aware that the projected audience was pre-recorded. Results: As expected, participants with higher levels of social anxiety had more negative performance expectations, higher self-focused attention, and more negative perceptions of the audience. Negative performance expectations and self-focused attention were found to mediate the relationship between social anxiety and audience perception. Conclusions: The findings support Clark and Wells’ cognitive model of social anxiety, which poses that socially anxious individuals have distorted perceptions of the responses of other people because their perceptions are coloured by their negative thoughts and feelings.

scholarly journals Accessing social media: Help or hindrance for people with social anxiety?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 204380871983781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie E. Carruthers ◽  
Emma L. Warnock-Parkes ◽  
David M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Despite increasing use of social media and the potential benefits for people with social anxiety (SA) disorder, little is known about the online experience of people with SA. Our study aimed to investigate the occurrence of cognitive and behavioral processes during a series of online and off-line Facebook (FB)-based tasks among individuals with high and low levels of SA. Sixty-one undergraduates with low or high SA were asked to use FB in a laboratory setting, to make an FB post, and to imagine three ambiguous FB scenarios. Participants with high SA reported higher anxiety throughout the study with an interaction effect, indicating greater relative increases in anxiety for those with high SA over low SA across tasks. The high SA group were more likely to negatively interpret the ambiguous FB scenarios than the low SA group. They also reported using more safety-seeking behaviors and having more negative thoughts. The findings suggest that the cognitive and behavioral processes that characterize socially anxious face-to-face interaction are also evident in online communication. Suggestions are made for the clinical implications of such findings.

scholarly journals The relationship between self-esteem and self-compassion in socially anxious

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Holas ◽  
Melanie Kowalczyk ◽  
Izabela Krejtz ◽  
Katarzyna Wisiecka ◽  
Tomasz Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Fear of evaluation and a negative view of the self are the core aspects of social anxiety. Self-compassion and self-esteem are two distinct positive attitudes toward the self, which are positively related to each other, well-being and good psychological functioning. It is less clear, however, how they interplay in socially anxious individuals and if self-compassion may reduce the negative effect of low self-esteem on social anxiety. The current research aimed at evaluating the directional links between those constructs to check if self-compassion mediates the effect of self-esteem on social anxiety. In this study, 388 adult participants with elevated social anxiety completed measures of self-compassion, self-esteem and social anxiety. As expected, both self-esteem and self-compassion correlated negatively with social anxiety and positively with one another, with lower self-esteem being a stronger predictor of social anxiety. Importantly, self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety. These findings suggest that self-compassion partially explains the negative effects of deficits in self-esteem on social anxiety. Practical implications of the research are discussed.

SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SELECTIVE MEMORY FOR AFFECTIVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE SELF

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy O'Banion ◽  
Hal Arkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Male Confederate ◽  
Affective Information

High and low socially anxious women were given identical feedback about their personality traits after a brief social interaction with a male confederate. The male confederate was trained to respond positively (success) to half of the subjects in each group during the interaction and negatively (failure) to the other half. Results of a subsequent recognition memory test for the feedback supported one of the main hypotheses and indicated that high socially anxious subjects had more accurate memory for negative information about themselves than did low socially anxious subjects. Success and failure experiences had no effects on memory. The possible contribution of such selective memory to the mediation and maintenance of social anxiety is discussed.

scholarly journals Negativity-bias in forming beliefs about own abilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Müller-Pinzler ◽  
Nora Czekalla ◽  
Annalina V. Mayer ◽  
David S. Stolz ◽  
Valeria Gazzola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Good News ◽  
Belief Formation ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Prior Beliefs ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Positivity Bias ◽  
Social Settings

Abstract During everyday interactions people constantly receive feedback on their behavior, which shapes their beliefs about themselves. While classic studies in the field of social learning suggest that people have a tendency to learn better from good news (positivity bias) when they perceive little opportunities to immediately improve their own performance, we show updating is biased towards negative information when participants perceive the opportunity to adapt their performance during learning. In three consecutive experiments we applied a computational modeling approach on the subjects’ learning behavior and reveal the negativity bias was specific for learning about own compared to others’ performances and was modulated by prior beliefs about the self, i.e. stronger negativity bias in individuals lower in self-esteem. Social anxiety affected self-related negativity biases only when individuals were exposed to a judging audience thereby potentially explaining the persistence of negative self-images in socially anxious individuals which commonly surfaces in social settings. Self-related belief formation is therefore surprisingly negatively biased in situations suggesting opportunities to improve and this bias is shaped by trait differences in self-esteem and social anxiety.

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