Components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: The Factor Structure of the Cognitive Coding Scale for Bulimia Nervosa

Existing rating scales measuring therapist execution of the components of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) have been criticized as too narrow to assess the theorized multidimensional structure of CBT. The current study sought to evaluate the factor structure of the combination of existing CBT therapist rating scales. A second goal of the study was to test a newly developed patient rating scale for use in CBT for bulimia nervosa. Therapy sessions from patients receiving a standardized CBT protocol for bulimia nervosa were coded and analyzed using both confirmatory (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The factor structures obtained were consistent across the CFA and EFA and were also consistent across raters and sessions. The therapist factors obtained were: therapist interpersonal effectiveness, cognitive interventions, structure, behavioral interventions and assumptions. These five factors corresponded well with theory about the major components of CBT. The obtained patient factors were also highly consistent with CBT treatment principles. Uses of the comprehensive rating scale for CBT for clinical and research purposes are discussed.

Download Full-text

Signs and Symptoms of Psychotic Illness (SSPI): A rating scale

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.180.1.45 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 180 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Peter F. Liddle ◽

Elton T. C. Ngan ◽

Gary Duffield ◽

King Kho ◽

Anthony J. Warren

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Antipsychotic Treatment ◽

Sensitivity To Change ◽

Psychotic Illness ◽

Score Change ◽

Reliability Sensitivity

BackgroundIn the rating scales commonly used for assessing response to antipsychotic treatment, individual items embrace symptoms that apparently arise from distinguishable pathophysiological processes and might be expected to respond differently to treatment.AimsTo test the reliability sensitivity to change and factor structure of a new scale for the assessment of the Signs and Symptoms of Psychotic Illness (the SSPI).MethodInterrater reliability was evaluated by determining the intraclass correlation for the ratings of 63 patients. Sensitivity to change was assessed in a longitudinal study of 33 patients. Factor structure was determined from scores for 155 patients.ResultsThe intraclass correlation was satisfactory for all individual items and excellent for the total score. Scores were sensitive to change. A change in Clinical Global Impression of one unit corresponded to an SSPI total score change of 31%. Factor analysis revealed five clusters of symptoms.ConclusionsThe SSPI provides a sensitive and reliable measure of the five major clusters of symptoms that occur commonly in psychotic illness.

Download Full-text

Analysis of the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-28 (CTRS-28)

Assessment ◽

10.1177/107319119600300103 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bradley T. Erford

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Teacher Rating ◽

Principle Components Analysis ◽

Teacher Rating Scale ◽

Similar Rating ◽

Conners Teacher Rating Scale

One hundred and nineteen teachers of 540 normal boys and girls, ages 5 to 10, were administered the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale-28 (CTRS-28). Their responses were analyzed to assess the instrument's internal consistency and its construct and criterion-related validity. Principle components analysis revealed a four-factor structure underlying the scale, rather than the three-factor structure originally reported. Internal consistency of the factors ranged from .79 to .95. Convergent validity with similar rating scales was primarily excellent. Norms for newly derived factors and critical analysis of the usefulness of the CTRS-28 were explored.

Download Full-text

Popular Psychology versus Scientific Evidence: Love Languages’ Factor Structure and Connection to Marital Satisfaction

Psympathic Jurnal ilmiah Psikologi ◽

10.15575/psy.v7i2.6634 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 155-168

Author(s):

Edwin Adrianta Surijah ◽

Ni Made Mitha Prasetyaningsih ◽

Supriyadi Supriyadi

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Marital Satisfaction ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Scientific Investigation ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Five Factors ◽

Actual Outcome ◽

Popular Psychology

Love is an essential part of human experience and love languages have been studied to validate its factors’ structures to explain what makes people feel loved. The current study addresses the gap that love research shall not rely on student samples and it needs to measure the actual outcome of love languages. This study aims to gather empirical evidence for love languages’ factor structure and its relation to the outcome variable. The method for this study is a quantitative survey with 250 couples reported their love languages using a rating-scale and forced-choice scale. The data analysis examined the factor structure of the love languages model and estimated the association between love languages compatibility and marital satisfaction. The factorial analysis showed that the five factors solution was not supported and love languages compatibility did not affect couples’ marital satisfaction. This result brought discussions on how popular psychology concepts need to be under the scrutiny of scientific investigation and that different contexts may have different factors on what makes people feel loved.

Download Full-text

Validation of an Arabic Version of the Gifted Rating Scales–School Form

journal for the education of the gifted ◽

10.1177/0162353220933005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 252-269

Author(s):

Ahmed Hassan Hemdan Mohamed ◽

Ehab Mohammed Naguib Omara

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Gifted And Talented ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

National Sample ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Grade Levels ◽

S Factor ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Alpha Reliability

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Gifted Rating Scales–School Form (GRS-S) on a national sample of 907 students from Cycle 1 (Grades 1 to 4) and Cycle 2 (Grades 5 to 10) from five governorates in Oman (Muscat, Dhofar, Al-Batinah North, Al-Sharqiyah South, and Al-Dhahira). The replicability of the GRS-S factor structure was examined using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The CFA results supported the six-factor solution of the original scale. Also, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients of the GRS-S subscales ranged from .91 to .96. The criterion-related validity for the GRS-S scores was supported as statistically significant correlations were found between the GRS-S subscales and the Gifted and Talented Rating Scales–Second edition (GATES-2), students’ academic achievement, and the scores of the Profile of Creative Abilities (PCA) rating scale. The metric invariance results revealed that the six-factor structure of GRS-S was equally applicable across gender and grade levels.

Download Full-text

AAC Collaboration Using the Self-Anchored Rating Scales (SARS): An Aphasia Case Study

Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication ◽

10.1044/aac21.4.136 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 136-143

Author(s):

Lynn E. Fox

Keyword(s):

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Therapeutic Process ◽

Family Counseling ◽

The Self ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Her Family ◽

Solution Focused

Abstract The self-anchored rating scale (SARS) is a technique that augments collaboration between Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) interventionists, their clients, and their clients' support networks. SARS is a technique used in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, a branch of systemic family counseling. It has been applied to treating speech and language disorders across the life span, and recent case studies show it has promise for promoting adoption and long-term use of high and low tech AAC. I will describe 2 key principles of solution-focused therapy and present 7 steps in the SARS process that illustrate how clinicians can use the SARS to involve a person with aphasia and his or her family in all aspects of the therapeutic process. I will use a case study to illustrate the SARS process and present outcomes for one individual living with aphasia.

Download Full-text

Childbirth and Posttraumatic Stress Responses

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.22.4.259 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 259-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Eelco Olde ◽

Rolf J. Kleber ◽

Onno van der Hart ◽

Victor J.M. Pop

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Experience ◽

Event Scale ◽

Self Rating ◽

The Impact

Childbirth has been identified as a possible traumatic experience, leading to traumatic stress responses and even to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in a group of women who recently gave birth (N = 435). In addition, a comparison was made between the original IES and the IES-R. The scale showed high internal consistency (α = 0.88). Using confirmatory factor analysis no support was found for a three-factor structure of an intrusion, an avoidance, and a hyperarousal factor. Goodness of fit was only reasonable, even after fitting one intrusion item on the hyperarousal scale. The IES-R correlated significantly with scores on depression and anxiety self-rating scales, as well as with scores on a self-rating scale of posttraumatic stress disorder. Although the IES-R can be used for studying posttraumatic stress reactions in women who recently gave birth, the original IES proved to be a better instrument compared to the IES-R. It is concluded that adding the hyperarousal scale to the IES-R did not make the scale stronger.

Download Full-text

D-test: A New Test for Analyzing Scale Invariance Using Symbolic Dynamics and Symbolic Entropy

Methodology ◽

10.1027/1614-2241/a000026 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 88-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jose A. Martínez ◽

Manuel Ruiz Marín

Keyword(s):

Symbolic Dynamics ◽

Scale Invariance ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Marketing Research ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Measurement Scales ◽

Improve Measurement ◽

Entropy Measures ◽

The Difference

The aim of this study is to improve measurement in marketing research by constructing a new, simple, nonparametric, consistent, and powerful test to study scale invariance. The test is called D-test. D-test is constructed using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of the difference between the response patterns which comes from two measurement scales. We also give a standard asymptotic distribution of our statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. We applied D-test to a real marketing research to study if scale invariance holds when measuring service quality in a sports service. We considered a free-scale as a reference scale and then we compared it with three widely used rating scales: Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and from 1 to 7, and semantic-differential scale from −3 to +3. Scale invariance holds for the two latter scales. This test overcomes the shortcomings of other procedures for analyzing scale invariance; and it provides researchers a tool to decide the appropriate rating scale to study specific marketing problems, and how the results of prior studies can be questioned.

Download Full-text