scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Family Functioning in Adult Children Facing Parental Cancer: A Comparison Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J. Teixeira ◽  
M. Graça Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Parental Cancer ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Family Balance

This study analyzed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and family functioning in a sample of adult children caregivers of cancer patients and in a group of adult children of nonchronically ill parents. Participants completed measures of family functioning and PTSD symptoms. The parental cancer group was subdivided into PTSD subgroups, and significant differences, on family functioning, were found. In the parental cancer group, the predictors of PTSD symptoms were being a woman and having an enmeshed or chaotic family functioning. Chaotic functioning mediated the relationship between family communication/satisfaction and PTSD symptoms, in the parental cancer group. Finally, there was a higher prevalence of PTSD symptoms in the parental cancer group, and participants with a probable PTSD diagnosis showed higher levels of family imbalance. This study shows that adult children facing parental cancer, who have a poorer family balance, may benefit from interventions that target family functioning.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Walsh ◽  
David DiLillo ◽  
Alicia Klanecky ◽  
Dennis McChargue
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Sexual Abuse ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Prevalent Form

Sexual assault occurring when the victim is unable to consent or resist due to the use or administration of alcohol or drugs (i.e., incapacitated/drug-or-alcohol facilitated rape; IR/DAFR) is a particularly prevalent form of victimization experienced by college women. By definition, substance use precedes IR/DAFR; however, few studies have examined other potential risk factors for IR/DAFR that may be unique from those associated with forcible rape (FR; i.e., sexual assault occurring due to threats or physical restraint). The present investigation tested a model of risk for IR/DAFR and FR suggesting that child or adolescent sexual abuse (CASA) leads to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, which in turn increase the likelihood of IR/DAFR, but not FR. Results revealed full mediation for PTSD hyperarousal symptoms in the pathway between CASA and IR/DAFR, and partial mediation for hyperarousal symptoms in the pathway between CASA and FR. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

The Influence of Exposure to Natural Disasters on Depression and PTSD Symptoms among Firefighters

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Pennington ◽  
Thomas P. Carpenter ◽  
Samantha J. Synett ◽  
Victoria A. Torres ◽  
Jennifer Teague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Disaster Exposure

AbstractIntroductionFirefighters represent an important population for understanding the consequences of exposure to potentially traumatic stressors.Hypothesis/ProblemThe researchers were interested in the effects of pre-employment disaster exposure on firefighter recruits’ depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the first three years of fire service and hypothesized that: (1) disaster-exposed firefighters would have greater depression and PTSD symptoms than non-exposed overall; and (2) depression and PTSD symptoms would worsen over years in fire service in exposed firefighters, but not in their unexposed counterparts.MethodsIn a baseline interview, 35 male firefighter recruits from seven US cities reported lifetime exposure to natural disaster. These disaster-exposed male firefighter recruits were matched on age, city, and education with non-exposed recruits.ResultsA generalized linear mixed model revealed a significant exposure×time interaction (ecoef =1.04; P<.001), such that depression symptoms increased with time for those with pre-employment disaster exposure only. This pattern persisted after controlling for social support from colleagues (ecoefficient=1.05; P<.001), social support from families (ecoefficient=1.04; P=.001), and on-the-job trauma exposure (coefficient=0.06; ecoefficient=1.11; P<.001). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms did not vary significantly between exposure groups at baseline (P=.61).ConclusionDepression symptoms increased with time for those with pre-employment disaster exposure only, even after controlling for social support. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms did not vary between exposure groups.PenningtonML, CarpenterTP, SynettSJ, TorresVA, TeagueJ, MorissetteSB, KnightJ, KamholzBW, KeaneTM, ZimeringRT, GulliverSB. The influence of exposure to natural disasters on depression and PTSD symptoms among firefighters. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):102–108.

Trauma and Temperament as Predictors of Intensity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms After Disaster

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Strelau ◽  
Bogdan Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This study assesses the impact of temperament and trauma considered as predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms experienced during flood and coal mining accidents. Five samples were studied - one comprised of coal miners who experienced a mining catastrophe (N = 52) and four samples of flood victims (N = 1041), including 562 females. PTSD symptoms were measured - depending on the sample under study - at different time periods (from 3 months to 3 years), and in two samples repeated measures were taken. For measuring symptoms of PTSD the PTSD-Factorial Version inventory constructed in our laboratory was applied. Temperamental traits were assessed by means of the Formal Characteristics of Behavior - Temperament Inventory. Intensity of trauma and prolonged trauma consequences were measured by means of an interview. For analyzing the data coefficients of correlation and hierarchical regression were used. In all samples such temperament traits as briskness and endurance act as buffers resulting in lowering the effect of trauma inducing events. On the other hand, perseverance and emotional reactivity act as augmenters that result in increasing the effect of experienced trauma. In all samples emotional reactivity was the best predictor of the intensity of PTSD symptoms. In samples in which measures of trauma were included both variables - trauma and emotional reactivity - contributed essentially as predictors of PTSD symptoms and this held true independent of whether PTSD was assessed 3 months, 15 months, or 3 years after experiencing the disaster (flood).

Does Writing Reduce Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms?

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela B. Deters ◽  
Lillian M. Range
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Better Than

To see if writing about their trauma lessened PTSD and related symptoms, 57 undergraduates, previously screened for traumatic experiences, wrote for 15 minutes on 4 days across 2 weeks about either their trauma or a trivial topic. They reported PTSD, impact, suicide ideas, dissociation, and depression pre-, post-, and at 6-week follow-up testing. Trauma and trivial writers were not different. Surprisingly, at follow-up everyone reported less severe PTSD symptoms, impact, and dissociation, and fewer health visits, but about the same suicidal ideation and depression. On PTSD symptoms and impact, the pattern of improvement was different: Those writing about trauma got worse at posttesting, but improved to better than their initial state by follow-up. Those writing about a trivial topic got better by posttesting, and held that position at follow-up. In this project, writing seemed to reduce PTSD symptoms regardless of whether it concerned the trauma or what they ate for lunch.

scholarly journals Subclinical Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: Relationships with Blood Pressure, Hostility, and Sleep

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. McCubbin ◽  
Heidi M. Zinzow ◽  
Melissa A. Hibdon ◽  
Aaron W. Nathan ◽  
Anastasia V. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among subclinical PTSD symptoms, blood pressure, and several variables linked to both frank PTSD and the basic psychobiological adaptation to stress. The authors recruited a sample of 91 healthy, young men and women between 18 and 35 years. We examined links among subclinical posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, blood pressure, sleep quality, and hostility. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were associated with poorer sleep quality and higher hostility scores in both women and men. In men, PTSD symptoms were also associated with elevated resting diastolic blood pressure, and sex was an important moderator of that relationship. Moreover, sleep quality and hostility are substantive mediators of the relationship between diastolic blood pressure and PTSD. Behavioral interventions designed to increase sleep quality and restructure hostile attitudes could potentially serve as preventive interventions for PTSD and the underlying cardiovascular comorbidities in young adults.

Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Family Functioning of Vietnam Veterans and Their Partners

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Evans ◽  
Tony Mchugh ◽  
Malcolm Hopwood ◽  
Carol Watt
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Program

Objective: This study examines the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in terms of the three main symptom clusters (intrusion, avoidance and arousal), and the self-report of family functioning of Vietnam veterans and the self-report of family functioning of their partners. A second objective was to determine if depression, anger and alcohol abuse mediated between PTSD symptoms and family functioning. Method: Vietnam veterans and their partners completed a series of questionnaires as part of their participation in the inpatient and outpatient PTSD treatment program, in the Veterans Psychiatry Unit, at the Austin and Repatriation Hospital. Results: Data from 270 veterans and partners were used in the final analyses. The PTSD subscales were initially correlated with family functioning for veterans and family functioning for partners. Then two path diagrams were constructed and analyzed using the statistical program AMOS to test for mediating effects between PTSD symptoms and family functioning. For veterans there were significant initial correlations with all three subscales of the PTSD measure. In the path analysis when the mediating variables were included only the avoidance subscale of the PTSD measure remained directly associated with family functioning. The arousal PTSD subscale was mediated by anger. The measures of depression and anger were significantly associated with poor family functioning and the anger and the avoidance subscales were significantly associated with depression. In the second set of analyses conducted on data from partners, the PTSD symptoms of avoidance and arousal were initially correlated with family functioning. When the test for mediation was conducted none of the PTSD subscales remained associated with partners' self-report of family functioning. Posttraumatic stress disorder arousal and alcohol abuse were mediated by anger for partners' self-report of family functioning. Conclusions: Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms of avoidance for veterans, and comorbid symptoms of anger and depression for veterans, and anger on its own for partners appear to be important in the self-report of family functioning. These findings suggest that veterans and their partners have similar difficulties as couples with distressed relationships in the community.

Effects of Psychoeducation and Stress Coping Techniques on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-724
Author(s):  
Fadwa Al Mughairbi ◽  
Ahmed Abdulaziz Alnajjar ◽  
Abdalla Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Mass Trauma ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Ptsd Checklist ◽  
Management Techniques

This study examined the effects of psychoeducation and stress management techniques on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms in Libya. The 41 Libyan patients who volunteered to take part in the study were first assessed using the PTSD Checklist. They attended workshops on PTSD symptoms, stress management techniques, and communication skills on three successive days after which they were asked to answer the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations two weeks after they completed the workshops. Among the 39% of the participants who were diagnosed with PTSD prior to the intervention, 15% met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD after the intervention. The preintervention scores were consistently higher than the postintervention scores, and there were significant differences in the PTSD Checklist total score and the re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptom scores. This study concluded that in mass-trauma events such as war and natural disasters, PTSD education can reduce the PTSD symptoms of those affected. Whether the benefits of psychoeducation on the participants are long term or short term is recommended for further study due to the limitations imposed by the willingness of the participants to participate, the amount of time they are willing to stay with the program, and the duration of the psychoeducation program itself.

scholarly journals The ADCYAP1R1 Gene Is Correlated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Through Diverse Epistases in a Traumatized Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Jingyi Zhang ◽  
Gen Li ◽  
Chengqi Cao ◽  
Ruojiao Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Ptsd Severity

The adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary) receptor (ADCYAP1R1) gene is associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which controls stress responses. The single-nucleotide polymorphism of ADCYAP1R1, rs2267735, has been investigated in many studies to test its association with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the results have not been consistent. It is worth systematically exploring the role of rs2267735 in PTSD development. In this study, we analyzed rs2267735 in 1,132 trauma-exposed Chinese individuals (772 females and 360 males). We utilized the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) to measure the PTSD symptoms. Then, we analyzed the main, G × E (rs2267735 × trauma exposure), and G × G (with other HPA axis gene polymorphisms) effects of rs2267735 on PTSD severity (total symptoms). There were no significant main or G × E effects (P &gt; 0.05). The G × G ADCYAP1R1-FKBP5 interaction (rs2267735 × rs1360780) was associated with PTSD severity (beta = −1.31 and P = 0.049) based on all subjects, and the G × G ADCYAP1R1-CRHR1 interaction (rs2267735 × rs242924) was correlated with PTSD severity in men (beta = −4.72 and P = 0.023). Our study indicated that the ADCYAP1R1 polymorphism rs2267735 may affect PTSD development through diverse gene-gene interactions.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms in persons involved in road accidents and paramedics

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. e515
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Parobkiewicz ◽  
Michał Ziarko ◽  
Julia Krawczyk ◽  
Jagna Jasielska
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among persons involved in road accidents and paramedics. Little is known about similarity or difference of PTSD symptoms between these two groups involved in accident in voluntary and involuntary way. Material and Methods. Persons involved in road accidents (N = 78) and paramedics (N = 106) completed the Polish version of the Impact of Event Scale–Revised.Results. The percentage of those who reported PTSD symptoms was similar and insignificant among persons involved in road accidents (56%) and among paramedics (45%). A significant difference (p < 0,01) was observed between these groups, however. The total PTSD, intrusions, and avoidance were higher for persons involved in road accidents.Conclusions. Victims, perpetrators, and helpers in road accidents were at a similar risk of PTSD. Peritraumatic interventions are recommended for all these groups.

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