Thoughts on the Monetary Value of Human Milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Nikki Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Peer Counseling ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Monetary Value

U.S. legislators have recently considered cutting funding for breastfeeding peer counseling. One reason why they might decide to make these cuts is that breastfeeding and human milk are invisible to them. It is easy to get rid of something that isn’t seen or valued. If there were a way to make this valuable resource—human milk—visible, and this information was given to our legislators, perhaps the door could be opened to including breastfeeding support in budget planning. Here is a step-by-step process to generate the value of human milk in your state or community, so that women’s contributions can be part of economic analysis.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of peer counseling and membership in breastfeeding support groups in promoting optimal breastfeeding behaviors in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofelia P. Saniel ◽  
Veincent Christian F. Pepito ◽  
Arianna Maever L. Amit
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Peer Counseling ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Peer Counselors ◽  
Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Peer Counselor ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 months remain low in the Philippines. To help meet the 90% early initiation of breastfeeding target and to improve infant and young child feeding practices in the Philippines, the Millennium Development Goals - Fund 2030 Joint Programme (JP) on Ensuring Food Security and Nutrition for Children 0–24 months old was implemented. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of visits by peer counselors during pregnancy and after delivery, and membership in breastfeeding support groups in promoting these optimal breastfeeding practices. Methods We used data from the Endline Survey of the JP to study the effects of prenatal and postnatal peer counselor visits, and membership in breastfeeding support groups, and their possible interactions with initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth among children aged 0 to 24 months and EBF at 6 months among children aged 6 to 24 months, while adjusting for confounding. We used logistic regression methods for survey data to assess these associations. Results Of the 2343 mother-infant pairs, only 1500 (63.1%) practiced early initiation of breastfeeding. Of the 1865 children aged 6 months or older, only 621 (34.7%) were exclusively breastfed at 6 months. After adjusting for confounding variables, there was no strong evidence that peer counselor visits were associated with early initiation or EBF at 6 months. However, members of breastfeeding support groups had 1.49 times higher odds of early initiation of breastfeeding (95% CI [Confidence Interval] 1.12, 1.98) and 1.65 times higher odds of EBF (95% CI 1.20, 2.24) compared to those who were not members of breastfeeding support groups. There was no interaction between the different exposure variables and early initiation and EBF at 6 months. Conclusions Our findings suggest breastfeeding support groups may be institutionalized to promote both early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF in the Philippines, while the role of peer counselors in promoting optimal breastfeeding behaviors should be further reviewed. Our suggestion to integrate non-healthcare professionals to promote early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF could be tested in future intervention studies.

scholarly journals Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of nipple and breast candidiasis: A review of the relationship between diagnoses of mammary candidiasis and Candida albicans in breastfeeding women

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174550652110314
Author(s):  
Pamela Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Breast Pain ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Nipple Areolar Complex ◽  
Areolar Complex ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Breastfeeding mothers commonly experience nipple pain accompanied by radiating, stabbing or constant breast pain between feeds, sometimes associated with pink shiny nipple epithelium and white flakes of skin. Current guidelines diagnose these signs and symptoms as mammary candidiasis and stipulate antifungal medications. Aim: This study reviews existing research into the relationship between Candida albicans and nipple and breast pain in breastfeeding women who have been diagnosed with mammary candidiasis; whether fluconazole is an effective treatment; and the presence of C. albicans in the human milk microbiome. Method: The author conducted three searches to investigate (a) breastfeeding-related pain and C. albicans; (b) the efficacy of fluconazole in breastfeeding-related pain; and (c) composition of the human milk mycobiome. These findings are critiqued and integrated in a narrative review. Results: There is little evidence to support the hypothesis that Candida spp, including C. albicans, in maternal milk or on the nipple-areolar complex causes the signs and symptoms popularly diagnosed as mammary candidiasis. There is no evidence that antifungal treatments are any more effective than the passage of time in women with these symptoms. Candida spp including C. albicans are commonly identified in healthy human milk and nipple-areolar complex mycobiomes. Discussion: Clinical breastfeeding support remains a research frontier. The human milk microbiome, which includes a mycobiome, interacts with the microbiomes of the infant mouth and nipple-areolar complex, including their mycobiomes, to form protective ecosystems. Topical or oral antifungals may disrupt immunoprotective microbial homeostasis. Unnecessary use contributes to the serious global problem of antifungal resistance. Conclusion: Antifungal treatment is rarely indicated and prolonged courses cannot be justified in breastfeeding women experiencing breast and nipple pain. Multiple strategies for stabilizing microbiome feedback loops when nipple and breast pain emerge are required, in order to avoid overtreatment of breastfeeding mothers and their infants with antifungal medications.

Neonatologie – Ausschließliche Ernährung mit humaner Milch: Rechnet sich das?

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-15
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Canadian Hospital ◽  
Hospital Perspective

van Katwyk S et al. Economic Analysis of Exclusive Human Milk Diets for High-Risk Neonates, a Canadian Hospital Perspective. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15 (6): 377–386. DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0273 Frühgeborene profitieren hinsichtlich einer Vielzahl potenzieller Komplikationen, beispielsweise der nekrotisierenden Enterokolitis, der Retinopathie, der Sepsis sowie der bronchopulmonalen Dysplasie, von einer ausschließlichen Ernährung mit humaner Milch, bei welcher die Milch der eigenen Mutter bzw. Donormilch mit aus pasteurisierter Spendermilch gewonnenem Fortifier angereichert wird. Ist dieses Vorgehen auch unter Kostenaspekten vertretbar?

scholarly journals Interdisciplinarity as a Valuable Resource of Psycho-Economic Analysis of Pressing Problems of Modern Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
A. D. Karnyshev ◽  
◽  
V. A. Reshetnikov ◽  
I. V. Yaroslavtseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Valuable Resource

scholarly journals On the valuation of economic goods

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Wojciech Giza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Good ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Economic Goods ◽  
Philosophy And Economics ◽  
The Way

The presented study includes an analysis of the category of “good” on the basis of philosophy and economics. Particular attention was paid here to the factors determining the monetary value (price) of an economic good. While achieving the assumed objective of the research, answers to the following questions were sought: What is the difference, therefore, in the interpretation of good as an axiological category and good which economics deals with? What is the basis for the valuation of goods which are the subject of economic analysis? While seeking answers to these questions, an attempt was made to justify the thesis according to which contemporary understanding of the way the market valuates goods is limited to accepting the price understood as a variable representing a kind of relationship set in a given time period.

Prioritization of Resources for Participants in a Peer Counseling Breastfeeding Support Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Rozga ◽  
Jean M. Kerver ◽  
Beth H. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Peer Counseling ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Breastfeeding Support

The is curve

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sánchez-Rivas García ◽  
María del Pópulo Pablo-Romero Gil-Delgado ◽  
Alfonso Expósito García ◽  
Palma Gómez-Calero Valdés ◽  
María del Pilar Espinosa Goded
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Step Process ◽  
It Department

Didactic animation that shows in a step-by-step process the IS curve and the combinations of interest rate and income levels in the macroeconomic equilibrium, as well as the necessary graphics to describe it. Department of Economic Analysis and Political Economy.

scholarly journals An economic analysis of human milk supplementation for very low birth weight babies in the USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Hampson ◽  
Sarah Louise Elin Roberts ◽  
Alan Lucas ◽  
David Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Economic Analyses

Abstract Background An exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) using human milk based products (pre-term formula and fortifiers) has been shown to lead to significant clinical benefits for very low birth weight (VLBW) babies (below 1250 g). This is expensive relative to diets that include cow’s milk based products, but preliminary economic analyses have shown that the costs are more than offset by a reduction in the cost of neonatal care. However, these economic analyses have not completely assessed the economic implications of EHMD feeding, as they have not considered the range of outcomes affected by it. Methods We conducted an economic analysis of EHMD compared to usual practice of care amongst VLBW babies in the US, which is to include cow's milk based products when required. Costs were evaluated from the perspective of the health care payer, with societal costs considered in sensitivity analyses. Results An EHMD substantially reduces mortality and improves other health outcomes, as well as generating substantial cost savings of $16,309 per infant by reducing adverse clinical events. Cost savings increase to $117,239 per infant when wider societal costs are included. Conclusions An EHMD is dominant in cost-effectiveness terms, that is it is both cost-saving and clinically beneficial, for VLBW babies in a US-based setting.

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