The Impact of Zika Virus Education on Selection of Birth Control Methods Among Cuban Refugees Resettling in Louisville, Kentucky in 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Dawn Balcom ◽  
Ruth Carrico ◽  
Linda Goss ◽  
Karen Mutsch ◽  
Rahel Bosson
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Control Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Background:Cubans represented almost 40% of all refugees resettling in KY during 2015 and 2016. Their route to the United States included extended time in areas recognized as Zika endemic, making them vulnerable to Zika virus (ZV) exposure and infection. Early availability of birth control is one strategy stressed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to delay an unintended pregnancy after ZV exposure and prevent the catastrophic impact on a developing fetus.Objectives:The objectives were to determine: (a) awareness of ZV among Cuban refugees, and (b) the impact of education regarding ZV on their initial birth control decisions.Methods:During May–November 2016, 167 Cuban men and women aged 19–50 were seen by advanced practice nurses (APNs) in the University of Louisville Global Health Center (UL GHC). During the visit, awareness regarding ZV, current planned birth control method(s), and education about ZV was imparted using information developed by the CDC and provided by clinic personnel competent in delivery of culturally, socially, and linguistically appropriate messaging. Anticipated methods of birth control were then reassessed.Results:Condom use was the most prevalent contraceptive method used before and after ZV education (29% and 58% respectively, p < .001). The influence of education regarding ZV and ZV infection on selection of birth control methods (condom use) was significant (p < .001).Conclusions:Findings indicate education provided by APNs regarding ZV influence birth control selection among Cuban refugees.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Knowledge and Use of Birth Control Methods in Adolescents before and after Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyna Sámano ◽  
Hugo Martínez-Rojano ◽  
Gabriela Chico-Barba ◽  
Bernarda Sánchez-Jiménez ◽  
Selene Sam-Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Birth Control Method ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Before And After

Adolescent pregnancy rates are high worldwide. However, insufficient information exists regarding the frequency of birth control methods used before the first pregnancy and postpartum. In the current study, we analyzed the association of sociodemographic factors with the knowledge of birth control methods and their use before and after pregnancy in a sample of adolescents in Mexico City. A cohort study was conducted on 600 pregnant adolescents in Mexico City, from 2013 to 2017, at a health care institution providing prenatal care. Participants were assessed during the second trimester and four months postpartum. The questionnaire explored the knowledge of birth control methods, their use, and other associated factors. Two logistic regression models were implemented to identify potential variables associated with the lack of birth control method use before and after pregnancy. The mean age of participants was 15.4 + 1 years, of which, 48% and 65.2% used a birth control method before pregnancy and postpartum, respectively. We found that the main factors associated with increased risk of not using any birth control method before pregnancy included being under the age of 15 years, school dropout, having an educational lag, initiation of sexual life before the age of 15, and having a mother who did not inform their child about contraceptives. By contrast, variables associated with a higher risk of not using any contraceptive methods after pregnancy included educational lag, lower level of education, and the fact that the adolescent had not used any birth control prior to the pregnancy.

scholarly journals Impact of the first COVID-19 shelter-in-place order in the United States on emergency department utilization, Marin County, California

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett R. Bayles ◽  
Michaela F George ◽  
Haylea Hannah ◽  
Patti Culross ◽  
Rochelle R. Ereman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Department Utilization ◽  
Marin County ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The Impact

Background: The first shelter-in-place (SIP) order in the United States was issued across six counties in the San Francisco Bay Area to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on critical care resources. We sought to assess the impact of this large-scale intervention on emergency departments (ED) in Marin County, California. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive and trend analysis of all ED visits in Marin County, California from January 1, 2018 to May 4, 2020 to quantify the temporal dynamics of ED utilization before and after the March 17, 2020 SIP order. Results: The average number of ED visits per day decreased by 52.3% following the SIP order compared to corresponding time periods in 2018 and 2019. Both respiratory and non-respiratory visits declined, but this negative trend was most pronounced for non-respiratory admissions. Conclusions: The first SIP order to be issued in the United States in response to COVID-19 was associated with a significant reduction in ED utilization in Marin County.

Economic Comparison of Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Armstrong ◽  
J. K. Leasure ◽  
Mitchell R. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Small Item ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Selection Of

The problem in determining the economic feasibility of mechanical, chemical, and combination weed control methods in corn (Zea mays L.) is a complex decision involving many factors. The effects of cost, yield, timeliness, and alternative uses of labor are the factors considered in comparing various methods of weed control in this study. Costs of weed control operations range from $2.84/A for two cultivations to $10.45/A for the most intensive, mechanical-chemical operation studied. Most common weed control methods have costs of approximately $3 to $4/A. Yields range from 83 bu/A for two cultivations to 96 bu/A with the highest cost chemical-mechanical weed control methods. All yields used in this study are supported by agronomic studies and are indexed on the basis of 100 bu/A for weed-free conditions. The consideration of both yields and costs does affect the selection of a weed control method. Considering only these two factors, mechanical methods have a slight advantage over chemical weed control methods. Penalizing mechanical methods because of delay or timeliness characteristics gives chemical methods an advantage by as much as $3.00/A. Alternative uses of labor, even though a common argument in selecting chemical or mechanical methods, is a very small item and has only moderate effects on the changes in net income.

Selection of Chemical Hazard Prediction Models for Plant Safety and Control Room Habitability Evaluations

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Richmond ◽  
Ping K. Wan ◽  
Brady P. Dague ◽  
Kyra W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Chemical Dispersion ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
Design Basis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Assuring the protection of people and the environment from unnecessary exposure to radiation is of great concern to nuclear electric power generators and regulators. In order to secure and maintain a license for operation of a nuclear power plant in the United States, the applicant is required to assess postulated scenarios to determine if an accidental chemical release either onsite or offsite will result in a design-basis event. When determining design-basis events, accident categories such as fire, explosion and/or toxic vapor cloud formation are considered. Evaluations must consider whether the postulated accidental chemical release will result in operator impairment or damage to safety related structures, systems or components (SSCs), either of which may prevent safe shutdown of the nuclear plant. A critical step in performing such safety evaluations is selection of an appropriate model which will most closely reflect the behavior of a chemical release in the scenario under consideration. Many chemical dispersion models are available for use in safety evaluations for accidental chemical releases; however, it is imperative that the model selected be appropriate for the postulated release conditions. Model selection should be based on careful evaluation of factors such as release location, meteorological conditions, terrain, chemical inventory and storage conditions, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the chemical under consideration in the postulated release. Failure to select a model suitable for the conditions under which the chemical is released or to appropriately evaluate the physical properties of the chemical and the corresponding limitations of the model may result in underpredicting or overpredicting the impact of a fire, explosion or toxic chemical release. Underpredicting could leave the facility susceptible to damage of safety related SSCs or lead to operator impairment both of which may affect the ability of the plant to safely operate following an accident. While overpredicting the impacts could lead to unnecessary and costly overdesign. This paper will address the considerations that must be evaluated when selecting a chemical dispersion model and will illustrate the importance of model selection in performing nuclear safety evaluations through examples and case studies.

Selection of a family planning method: a Philippine example

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ballweg
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Ideal Family ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
National Family Planning ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Of

The sample under consideration in this study was composed of 3445 women who accepted some method of pregnancy prevention after consultation with the National Family Planning organization in the Republic of the Philippines. Subjects were divided into four groups: those women who used an oral contraceptive, women using the IUD, women practising the rhythm method, and those who relied on other methods of birth control.This study attempted to reveal sources of information on family planning and reasons for acceptance of a birth control method, as well as the woman's actual and ideal family size and the interval since her last pregnancy. In addition, the relationship between the woman's educational level and the type of technique selected and husband's occupation as a correlate of the method chosen were also investigated.The findings appear to suggest, among other things, that women near the end of the child-bearing years were less likely to select one of the more effective methods. Women with large families and those who reported the desire for no additional children tended to favour the more reliable techniques. Surprisingly, the two measures of status failed to reveal significant relationships with the selection of a given technique.

Disentangling the Interaction of Migration, Mobility, and Labor-Force Participation

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A V Clark ◽  
Suzanne Davies Withers
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Migration ◽  
Labor Force Status ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Status Of Women

The authors examine the impact of mobility on the labor-force status of two-earner households in the United States, in a longitudinal context. There has recently been a resurgence of interest within industry and academia in the impact of family migration on the labor-force status of women, and on dual-earner families in general. Much of the research in this field has documented the disruptive effects of migration on the labor-force status of women, particularly with respect to unemployment, under-employment, and interrupted careers. However, there is another body of research that has challenged the disruption assumption with findings that many women benefit from family migration. The conflicting results persist when the modeling procedures account for the selectivity of migrants. Missing from the literature is a comparison of the impact of mobility on the labor-force status of men as well as women at varying geographical scales. The authors have used a new methodology to extend previous work on the impact of family migration by directly comparing the labor-force status of dual-earner households who migrate long distances, with that of households who move within the same labor market, and with that of households who remain residentially stable. The authors have used data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to show conclusively that, although there are disruptive effects, these are relatively short lived for most households. In addition, the results suggest that average changes mask very large variations in what happens to husbands and wives who relocate. This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of wives' labor-force participation relative to their husbands' immediately before and after a move, a finding that has not been established by other work on migration and labor-force participation.

Comparative Study on the Main Elements of Urban Design Control Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2361-2364
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Jing Gao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Control Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Architectural Form

Urban design control methods play a key role in the modern urban development. In this paper, three main elements of urban design--architectural form, color and space texture are studied to compare the control methods of three countries: the United States, Europe and Japan. At last, it proposes the improvements of the control methods for Chinese urban development.

scholarly journals Changes in Patient Visits and Diagnoses seen in an Academic Ophthalmology Department during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan K Berkenstock ◽  
Paulina Liberman ◽  
Peter J McDonnell ◽  
Benjamin C Chaon
Keyword(s):  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Pediatric Ophthalmology ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: To minimize the risk of viral transmission, ophthalmology practices limited face to face encounters to only patients with urgent and emergent ophthalmic conditions, in the weeks after the start of the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States. The impact of this is unknown. METHODS: We did a retrospective analysis of the change in the frequency of ICD-10 code use and patient volumes in the six weeks before and after the changes in clinical practice associated with COVID-19.RESULTS: The total number of encounters decreased four-fold after the implementation of clinic changes associated with COVID-19. The low vision, pediatric ophthalmology, general ophthalmology, and cornea divisions had the largest total decrease of in-person visits. Conversely, the number of telemedicine visits increased sixty-fold. The number of diagnostic codes associated with ocular malignancies, most ocular inflammatory disorders, and retinal conditions requiring intravitreal injections increased. ICD-10 codes associated with ocular screening exams for systemic disorders decreased during the weeks post COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmology practices need to be prepared to experience changes in practice patterns, implementation of telemedicine, and decreased patient volumes during a pandemic. Knowing the changes specific to each subspecialty clinic is vital to redistribute available resources correctly.

scholarly journals The Impact of the “Muslim Ban” Executive Order on Healthcare Utilization in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Samuels ◽  
Lilla Orr ◽  
Elizabeth B. White ◽  
Altaf Saadi ◽  
Aasim I. Padela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveDetermine whether the 2017 “Muslim Ban” Executive Order impacted healthcare utilization by people born in Order-targeted nations living in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of people living in Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN in 2016-2017 who were: 1) born in Order-targeted nations, 2) born in Muslim-majority nations not listed in the Order, and 3) born in the United States and non-Latinx. Primary outcomes were: 1) primary care visits, 2) missed primary care appointments, 3) primary care diagnoses for stress-responsive conditions, 4) emergency department visits, and 5) emergency department visits for stress-responsive diagnoses. We evaluated visit trends before and after Order issuance using linear regression and differences between study groups using a difference-in-difference analyses.ResultsIn early 2016, primary care visits and stress-responsive diagnoses increased among individuals from Muslim majority nations. Following the Order, there was an immediate increase in emergency department visits among individuals from Order-targeted nations.ConclusionsIncreases in healthcare utilization among people born in Muslim majority countries before and after the “Muslim Ban” likely reflect elevated cumulative stress including the impact of the Order.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Louisiana Master Gardener Program on the Perceived and Actual Horticultural Knowledge of Program Participants

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 968E-969
Author(s):  
Bobby H. Fletcher ◽  
Michael F. Burnett ◽  
Krisanna L. Machtmes ◽  
Jeff S. Kuehny
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Master Gardener ◽  
Perceived Knowledge ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
The Impact

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the impact of participation in the Master Gardener program on horticultural knowledge and practice. In 1972, the “Master Gardener” concept was initiated in Washington State due to the high demand to answer consumer horticultural questions. The main objective of this program is to increase horticultural knowledge of program participants so they can transfer this information to consumer horticultural clientele. The program quickly spread throughout the United States. It reached Louisiana in 1994 and was expanded throughout most metropolitan areas by 1997. No formal evaluation has been conducted to determine the horticultural knowledge impacts of this program. All 257 participants in the 2004 Louisiana Master Gardener (LMG) program were surveyed before and after participation in this program. The survey used was a researcher-developed instrument designed to measure self-perceived knowledge, tested knowledge, and Best Management Practices (BMPs) used. Data were collected by master gardener coordinators and submitted to the researcher after each phase of data collection (pre and post). Results of the study revealed that the LMG participants were highly educated, mostly Caucasian, and mostly female. Significant improvements were identified in all of the knowledge and practice measurements included in the study. These included self-perceived knowledge, tested knowledge, and use of BMPs. It was concluded that the 2004 Louisiana Master Gardener program was effective in increasing the self-perceived horticultural knowledge and tested horticultural knowledge of program participants. In addition, the study concluded that the 2004 Louisiana Master Gardener program improved the use of BMPs among the participants.

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