Economic Comparison of Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Armstrong ◽  
J. K. Leasure ◽  
Mitchell R. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Small Item ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Selection Of

The problem in determining the economic feasibility of mechanical, chemical, and combination weed control methods in corn (Zea mays L.) is a complex decision involving many factors. The effects of cost, yield, timeliness, and alternative uses of labor are the factors considered in comparing various methods of weed control in this study. Costs of weed control operations range from $2.84/A for two cultivations to $10.45/A for the most intensive, mechanical-chemical operation studied. Most common weed control methods have costs of approximately $3 to $4/A. Yields range from 83 bu/A for two cultivations to 96 bu/A with the highest cost chemical-mechanical weed control methods. All yields used in this study are supported by agronomic studies and are indexed on the basis of 100 bu/A for weed-free conditions. The consideration of both yields and costs does affect the selection of a weed control method. Considering only these two factors, mechanical methods have a slight advantage over chemical weed control methods. Penalizing mechanical methods because of delay or timeliness characteristics gives chemical methods an advantage by as much as $3.00/A. Alternative uses of labor, even though a common argument in selecting chemical or mechanical methods, is a very small item and has only moderate effects on the changes in net income.

Cultural and Mechanical Manipulation ofCyperusSpp.

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman C. Glaze
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Mechanical Manipulation ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Cultural and mechanical methods are viable options for inclusion in any weed control program. Selection of weed control methods is determined by crop, cost, desired yield, weather, and labor availability. Yellow and purple nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES and C.rotundusL. # CYPRO) have proliferated as production inputs have intensified. Nutsedge densities have increased largely due to reduced competition as better annual weed control and improved growing conditions have resulted.

scholarly journals Effective Weed Control in Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana BOGDAN ◽  
Teodor RUSU ◽  
Ştefania GADEA ◽  
Ilarie IVAN ◽  
Paula MORARU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Optimal Network ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Weeds Control

The paper present the results of 26 variants of weed control in maize (grouped in 6 distinctly strategies) which were tested in 2010 agricultural year in a one factorial stationary experiment. Three of the strategies were based on post emergence weed control methods, two of them – on pre-emergent weed control method and one of them – based on both methods. The main goal was establishing an optimal network weeds control in maize crop. Maize weed in Luduş area increased, due to weed seeds reserve in the arable stratum and weather conditions, which allow weeds to grow alternatively, and because of the development of problem-causing species during the maize vegetation period, when no tilling is performed.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF RED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) AND BARNYARDGRASS (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI) GROWN WITH SORGHUM WITH REDUCED RATE OF ATRAZINE AND MECHANICAL METHODS

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ ANDRES ◽  
GERMANI CONCENÇO ◽  
GIOVANI THEISEN ◽  
LEANDRO GALON ◽  
FRANCO TESIO
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Tillage System

SUMMARYThe weedy variety ofOryza sativaoccurs in several rice cultivation areas reducing both grain yield and quality. Prevention and crop rotation are considered the basic means to reduce its presence. Weed control in sorghum is generally attained with atrazine. In this study, the efficacy of both chemical and mechanical methods for control, under different soil tillage conditions, of weedy rice and barnyardgrass during sorghum cultivation was evaluated with the aim to reduce the application rate of atrazine. In the case of chemical control, the atrazine rate (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 ga.i.ha−1) and application timing (pre- and post-emergence) were assessed. With the mechanical control method, the number of interventions (inter-row hoeing with sorghum at 3, 4–5 and 6–8 leaves) to avoid weed competition was determined. The effect of the tillage system on weed population was investigated comparing conventional (ploughing), minimum-tillage (disc harrowing) and sod seeding (no-tillage) in combination with pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments. The results showed that efficient control of weedy rice and barnyardgrass was achieved in lowlands with sorghum in rotation with rice. Both chemical and mechanical methods of weed control in sorghum gave a level of efficiency higher than 60%. The application of atrazine was more efficient in pre-emergence application, rather than in post-emergence treatments, in all soil tillage systems tested. On both weed species, the most suitable application rate was the pre-emergence treatment with 1500 ga.i.ha−1, and the adoption of higher rates did not significantly increase the herbicidal efficacy. The adoption of two or three mechanical interventions resulted in sorghum yield higher than the chemical post-emergence application, and similar to the application of atrazine in pre-emergence. Higher yield results were in accordance to greater weed control, being obtained in the conventional tillage system.

scholarly journals Determinants of Smallholder Maize Farmer’s Perception on Use of Improved Weed Control Technologies in Eswatini

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Khumalo M ◽  
D. Kibirige ◽  
M. B. Masuku ◽  
H. R. Mloza-Banda ◽  
W. O. Mukabwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Control Technologies

Environmental concerns, increase labour cost and increase in demand for food has urged farmer to use the most economic and concomitant method to their farming objectives. Therefore, this study focused on ascertaining maize farmer’s perceptions on the weed control methods they choose and the socio-economic characteristics that determine these perceptions. This study was conduct countrywide in the four agro-ecological zones of Eswatini. Primary data was collected from 240 randomly selected maize farmers in the four Agro-ecological Zone of Eswatini. Factor analysis was used to estimate principal components about farmer’s perception on the different weed control methods. Multiple regression method was used to ascertain the socio-economic factors determining farmers’ perceptions. Farmers were interviewed about their perception on the usage of herbicides and integrated weed control method. The five likert scale of attitudinal statements related to herbicide and integrated weed control methods was developed. Four principal components were generated by the analysis from the positive attitudinal statement on the use of herbicides. These include productivity and economical, inclusive and confidence, knowledgeable and readiness, environmental impact. Farmer perceived that herbicides are associated with increased productive, can be used with confidence, farmers were ready to use herbicides, on the other hand, farmers perceived herbicides to have a negative impact on the environment. The socio-economic drivers of these farmers’ perceptions included sex of the farmer, education level, farming experience, access to agricultural trainings, amount of farm incomes and group membership. Integrated weeding method (hand hoe weeding + herbicide use) was perceived to be labour saving, productive and has no harm on the environment. The socio-economic drivers of these farmers’ perception towards the use of integrated weed control method included group membership and education. The study recommends that government should increase the number of extension officers to extend extension contact to more farmers, thus improve information sharing to farmers on best agricultural practices. Sensitization workshops, trainings and On-farm demonstration related to the usage of the improved weed control technologies is desired to increase farmers’ access to knowledge about the use of these improved weeding technologies.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in monoculture depending on the cover crop and weed control method

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
White Mustard

The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and in-crop weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a wheat crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009-2011 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included various types of stubble crops ploughed in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and methods of weed control in spring wheat (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). On average during the study period, all stubble crops used reduced the air-dry weight of weds in the treatments with mechanical weed management relative to the control treatment. Irrespective of the weed control method, the number of weeds in the wheat crop was significantly lower only after the ploughing in of white mustard. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to other weed control methods. The white mustard and legume mixture cover crops had a reducing effect on the number of weed species in relation to the treatment without cover crops. The highest floristic diversity of weed communities was found in the spring wheat crop in which only mechanical weeding alone was used.

The Impact of Zika Virus Education on Selection of Birth Control Methods Among Cuban Refugees Resettling in Louisville, Kentucky in 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Dawn Balcom ◽  
Ruth Carrico ◽  
Linda Goss ◽  
Karen Mutsch ◽  
Rahel Bosson
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Control Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Background:Cubans represented almost 40% of all refugees resettling in KY during 2015 and 2016. Their route to the United States included extended time in areas recognized as Zika endemic, making them vulnerable to Zika virus (ZV) exposure and infection. Early availability of birth control is one strategy stressed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to delay an unintended pregnancy after ZV exposure and prevent the catastrophic impact on a developing fetus.Objectives:The objectives were to determine: (a) awareness of ZV among Cuban refugees, and (b) the impact of education regarding ZV on their initial birth control decisions.Methods:During May–November 2016, 167 Cuban men and women aged 19–50 were seen by advanced practice nurses (APNs) in the University of Louisville Global Health Center (UL GHC). During the visit, awareness regarding ZV, current planned birth control method(s), and education about ZV was imparted using information developed by the CDC and provided by clinic personnel competent in delivery of culturally, socially, and linguistically appropriate messaging. Anticipated methods of birth control were then reassessed.Results:Condom use was the most prevalent contraceptive method used before and after ZV education (29% and 58% respectively, p < .001). The influence of education regarding ZV and ZV infection on selection of birth control methods (condom use) was significant (p < .001).Conclusions:Findings indicate education provided by APNs regarding ZV influence birth control selection among Cuban refugees.

Economic Evaluation of Wyoming Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) Control Methods

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles J. Watts ◽  
Carl L. Wambolt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Artemisia Tridentata ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Wyoming Big Sagebrush

The economic feasibility of four Wyoming big sagebrush control methods: burning, spraying with 2,4-D, plowing and seeding, and rotocutting was analyzed. Perennial grass response to big sagebrush treatment was measured to estimate a treatment response function for each control method which provided the biological informational base to develop cost and benefits. Annualized present values of net additional returns for single 2,4-D and burning treatments were $1.10/ha and $1.16/ha, respectively. When big sagebrush was retreated at optimal intervals, 2,4-D and burning generated annualized net additional returns of $2.88/ha and $2.57/ha, respectively. Rotocutting was marginally feasible, and plowing was not feasible.

scholarly journals Assessment of Integrated Weed Management in Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Pritesh Doble ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Better Than

A field experiment was carried out during rainy (Kharif) season of 2019-20 at the research farm of AKS University, Satna, Sherganj, Madhya Pradesh. The treatments comprised twelve mechanical and chemical weed control treatment as detailed in chapter III. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. An uniform dose of 25 kg N and 50 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O/ha was applied through urea, SSP and MOP, to all the experimental plots. Moongbean var. Shikha was sown on 13 July, 2019 keeping a seed rate of 25 kg/ha and row spacing of 30 cm. The plant to plant spacing of 10 cm was maintained by thinning. The weedicides were applied with or without hand weeding once or twice as per treatments. The crop was harvested on 17-23 September, 2019. Amongst the mechanical and chemical weed control method (IWM), hand weeding twice (weed-free condition) proved the best which enhanced significantly higher growth, yield attributes, yield and seed protein of green gram. The seed yield was up to 0.80 t/ha, net income up to Rs.29805 /ha and seed protein 24.46 %. Thereafter each of the herbicides applied along with hand hoeing proved for better than herbicide applied alone. Quizalofop-p-ethyl 700 g/ha with hand hoeing proved better than other three herbicide with hand hoeing. Therefore looking to the labour problem for hand weeding quizalofop + hand hoeing may be adopted to gain maximum benefit from green gram.

scholarly journals The influence of strip cropping and weed control methods on weed diversity in dent maize (Zea mays L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Subject

The experiment was conducted in 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The research design included two factors: I. Method of cultivation – sole cropping and strip cropping (the cultivation of three plants: maize, narrow-leafed lupin and oats, in neighboring strips); II. Weed control method – mechanical and chemical. The subject of this study was weed infestation in maize, narrow-leafed lupin and oats. The greatest diversity of weeds was found in the narrow-leafed lupine crop, while the lowest diversity in maize. The dominant weed species in maize, lupine and oats were <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>, <em>Chenopodium album </em>and <em>Galinsoga parviflora </em>which ranged from 34% to 99% of the total number of weeds. Strip cropping clearly reduced the number of weeds per unit area in the narrow-leafed lupin and oat crops as well as the aboveground dry weight of weeds in all plant species. Chemical weed control significantly decreased both the number and weight of weeds in comparison with the mechanical method.

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