scholarly journals Health Risk Factors And Health Care Systems In Latin America And The Caribbean: A Cross-Sectional Multiple Regression And ANOVA Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Rina Samant ◽  
Sonia Samant
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Per Capita

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of health risk factors and health care systems on child mortality and life expectancy in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Cross-sectional multiple regression and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are used to study the association between health risk factors such as incidence of tuberculosis and diabetes, and health care systems such as number of hospital beds per capita, and number of physicians per capita on life expectancy and child mortality. Data are obtained from the World Bank. For the purpose of this study, the LAC region is defined as the area from Mexico to the southern end of South America, as well as islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The conclusions of the study are that higher life expectancy is associated with higher per capita incomes and health expenditures. On the other hand, higher child mortality is associated with greater prevalence of communicable diseases and poor maternal pre-natal conditions. The macro policy implication is to focus on economic development and health care expenditure. The micro policy implication is to allocate more resources for maternal care, preventive care and eradication of communicable diseases. 

Modifiable Risk Factors for Stroke and Strategies for Stroke Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 237-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amytis Towfighi ◽  
Valerie Hill
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Care Systems

AbstractThe pathophysiology of stroke is well characterized, and 9 out of 10 strokes are due to modifiable factors. However, preventive strategies thus far have been relatively ineffective in curbing the global stroke burden, which is projected to increase given the aging of the world's population and epidemiological transition in many low- to middle-income countries. In this review we will summarize our current understanding of behavioral, environmental, and metabolic stroke risk factors not covered elsewhere in this issue. Specifically, we will review the evidence for environmental and household air pollution, smoking, and alcohol use. We will subsequently provide a conceptual framework for stroke prevention strategies, categorizing them as those aimed at changing health care systems and/or provider behavior and those targeting behaviors of patients and/or their caregivers, families, and support networks. The field of stroke prevention is relatively nascent, and little is known about how to optimize health care systems so that providers prescribe evidence-based care for stroke prevention, patients have access to care to receive such services, adherence and control of risk factors are optimized, and patients are empowered to manage their own risk factors and make lifestyle changes, including eating healthy diets (high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and low in sodium and sugar-sweetened beverages), engaging in regular physical activity, not smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption. In the next several years, we will likely develop a better understanding of which strategies are effective for modifying vascular risk factors, and how to design and implement successful interventions. Key questions to be answered include optimal theoretical frameworks, delivery models, team composition, timing, dose, intensity, and frequency, taking into account cultural, sociodemographic, and regional differences in patient populations.

scholarly journals Deep Vein Thrombosis, Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Shokoufeh Hajsadeghi ◽  
Scott Reza Jafarian Kerman ◽  
Rashin Joodat ◽  
Maral Hejratie ◽  
Helen Vaferi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Deep Vein

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be an ethnicity related disease and an important health issue for health-care systems. Thus, domestic recognition of risk factors and disease characteristics seem to be inevitable. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology, basic characteristics, and risk factors in patients with DVT.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all patients with primary or final diagnosis of DVT, confirmed by Doppler ultrasound in a 5-year period were included. Demographic data and prognosis were extracted from medical files. To evaluate the outcome of the patients after discharge, a phone-call follow-up was performed for all available patients.Results: Three-hundred seventy-one DVT patients were included with 232/139 male to female ratio. The mean age was 55.72±20.01 years with significant difference between genders (p=0.006). Mean weight was 88.97±10.2 kg with no significant difference between genders (p=0.74). The most common affected veins were common femoral vein (257 cases, 69.2%), followed by Popliteal, iliac, axillary, and subclavian veins. No season preference was seen in DVT occurrence. One-year survival of the patients after discharge was 92.6% and two-year survival was 87.7%.Conclusion: By knowing local information about this disease, health-care providers can give accurate warnings and suggestions to prevent the probable thrombosis chances. As Iran lacked information about DVT characteristics, this study can be an epidemiologic guide for health-care systems and an opening path for future studies.

scholarly journals Development and Implementation of a Person-Centered, Technology-Enhanced Care Model For Managing Chronic Conditions: Cohort Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis L Petersen ◽  
William B Weeks ◽  
Olof Norin ◽  
James N Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Per Capita

BACKGROUND Caring for individuals with chronic conditions is labor intensive, requiring ongoing appointments, treatments, and support. The growing number of individuals with chronic conditions makes this support model unsustainably burdensome on health care systems globally. Mobile health technologies are increasingly being used throughout health care to facilitate communication, track disease, and provide educational support to patients. Such technologies show promise, yet they are not being used to their full extent within US health care systems. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the use of staff and costs of a remote monitoring care model in persons with and without a chronic condition. METHODS At Dartmouth-Hitchcock Health, 2894 employees volunteered to monitor their health, transmit data for analysis, and communicate digitally with a care team. Volunteers received Bluetooth-connected consumer-grade devices that were paired to a mobile phone app that facilitated digital communication with nursing and health behavior change staff. Health data were collected and automatically analyzed, and behavioral support communications were generated based on those analyses. Care support staff were automatically alerted according to purpose-developed algorithms. In a subgroup of participants and matched controls, we used difference-in-difference techniques to examine changes in per capita expenditures. RESULTS Participants averaged 41 years of age; 72.70% (2104/2894) were female and 12.99% (376/2894) had at least one chronic condition. On average each month, participants submitted 23 vital sign measurements, engaged in 1.96 conversations, and received 0.25 automated messages. Persons with chronic conditions accounted for 39.74% (8587/21,607) of all staff conversations, with higher per capita conversation rates for all shifts compared to those without chronic conditions (P<.001). Additionally, persons with chronic conditions engaged nursing staff more than those without chronic conditions (1.40 and 0.19 per capita conversations, respectively, P<.001). When compared to the same period in the prior year, per capita health care expenditures for persons with chronic conditions dropped by 15% (P=.06) more than did those for matched controls. CONCLUSIONS The technology-based chronic condition management care model was frequently used and demonstrated potential for cost savings among participants with chronic conditions. While further studies are necessary, this model appears to be a promising solution to efficiently provide patients with personalized care, when and where they need it.

Personal responsibility for health: the impact of digitalisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Andrea Martani ◽  
Georg Starke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Gerald Dworkin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Fostering the personal responsibility of patients is often considered a potential remedy for the problem of resource allocation in health care systems. In political and ethical debates, systems of rewards and punishments based on personal responsibility have proved very divisive. However, regardless of the controversies it has sparked, the implementation of personal responsibility in concrete policies has always encountered the problem of practical enforceability, i.e.how causally relevant behaviour can be tracked, allowing policies of this kind to be applied in a fine-grained, economically viable and accurate fashion. In this paper, we show how this hurdle can be seemingly overcome with the advent of digitalisation in health and delineate the potential impact of digitalisation on personal responsibility for health. We discuss how digitalisation – by datafying health and making patients transparent – promises to close the loophole of practical enforceability by allowing to trace health-related lifestyle choices of individuals as well as their exposure to avoidable risk factors. Digitalisation in health care thereby reinforces what Gerald Dworkin has called the causal aspect of personal responsibility and strengthens the implicit syllogism that – since exposure to risk factors happens at the individual level – responsibility for health should be ascribed to the individual. We conclude by addressing the limitations of this approach and suggest that there are other ways in which the potential of digitalisation can help with the allocation of resources in health care.

The Health Care Economics of Automating Health Care Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Johnson ◽  
J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Health Care Economics ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Implementation Costs

In today's environment health care has become a key issue. Initiatives such as BCMA, RFID, CPOE, and EHR that require expensive automation implementations are being scrutinized. This research transcript describes a process for: 1) evaluating health care economic societal impact, 2) evaluating the implementation costs for automation such as barcodes and RFID into the pharmaceutical supply chain, 3) evaluating the risk factors associated with integration of multiple healthcare automation initiatives. The research results to date describe lot control of track-able capsules from manufacturer, to dosage level administration in hospitals, and ingestion confirmation for at-home patients.

scholarly journals Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network — United States, March–June 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (30) ◽  
pp. 993-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Tenforde ◽  
Sara S. Kim ◽  
Christopher J. Lindsell ◽  
Erica Billig Rose ◽  
Nathan I. Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Care Systems

scholarly journals Trends in the kidney cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios according to health care expenditures of 56 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Wei Sung ◽  
Po-Yun Ko ◽  
Wen-Jung Chen ◽  
Shao-Chuan Wang ◽  
Sung-Lang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Health Care Disparities ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Systemic Therapies

AbstractThe incidence and mortality rates in kidney cancer (KC) are increasing. However, the trends for mortality have varied among regions over the past decade, which may be due to the disparities in medical settings, such as the availability of frequent imaging examinations and effective systemic therapies. The availability of these two medical options has been proven to be positively correlated with a favorable prognosis in KC and may be more common in countries with better health care systems and greater expenditures. The delicate association between the trends in clinical outcomes in KC and health care disparities warrant detailed observation. We applied a delta-mortality-to-incidence ratio (δMIR) for KC to compare two years as an index for the improvement in clinical outcomes and the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of a single year to evaluate their association with the Human Development Index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, and CHE as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) by using linear regression analyses. A total of 56 countries were included based on data quality reports and missing data. We discovered that the HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP were negatively correlated with the MIRs for KC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). No significant association was observed between the δMIRs and the HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP among the included countries, and only the CHE/GDP shows a trend toward significance. Interestingly, the δMIRs related with an increase in relative health care investment include δCHE per capita and δCHE/GDP.

scholarly journals PHP81 Association of Health Risk Factors With Health Care Utilization and Cost in an Employed Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. A27
Author(s):  
K.M. Gorman ◽  
M.E. Snell ◽  
Q. Hou ◽  
L.C. Kaspin ◽  
R.M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Health Risk Factors
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