scholarly journals Money Demand In South Africa Revisited: A Detailed Analysis Of Different Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Niyimbanira
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
South African ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Money Demand Function

Many macroeconomists acknowledge the importance of behavior in a money demand relationship when formulating an efficient monetary policy. Many efforts have been made to estimate the money demand in function using many different specifications. This paper discusses South African empirical literature review of money demand. It revealed that different methods have been used to analyze the demand for money in South Africa, such as the linear function approach, the partial stock adjustment model, and the buffer stock disequilibrium money model. This study also discovered that few studies are done using co-integration and error correction methods and not all of these studies show that the money demand function in South Africa is stable. Implication for theory and practice, as well as area of future research, are also discussed in the study.

scholarly journals On the (Ir)Relevance of Monetary Aggregate Targeting in Pakistan: An Eclectic View

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-119
Author(s):  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Asad Jan ◽  
Kalim Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Monetary Aggregate ◽  
Money Demand Function ◽  
Financial Innovations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Nominal Anchor ◽  
Monetary Policy Framework

This study attempts to identify a stable money demand function for Pakistan’s economy, where the monetary aggregate is considered the nominal anchor. With evolving financial innovations and regulations, the stability of money demand has been the focus of numerous debates. Where earlier studies have provided conflicting explanations due to inadequate specifications and imprecise estimations, we find that money demand in Pakistan is stable, if specified properly. For developing countries such as Pakistan, it is important to target monetary aggregates or respond to deviations from the desirable path if monetary policy is to be effectively implemented and communicated; this should remain, if not a primary, then an auxiliary target in the monetary policy framework.

scholarly journals Demand for Money Function in Case of Philippines: An Empirical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Chayanan Kerdpitak
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Asset Price ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Money Demand Function ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators

An effective formulation of monetary policy provides an empirical and coherent model of money related with demand. In order for the monetary authorities to understand the demand for the purpose of money function, the steadiness of money demand is important as it leads towards an application of efficient monetary policy. In order to examine the stability of money demand function of Philippines, following study was conducted with broad money, real asset price index, GDP deflator, real GDP, long-term interest rate and short-term interest rate. For empirical investigation, unit root test, cointegration, and Granger-Causality tests were used. However, the findings of the cointegration suggests that cointegration reveals there is presence of linear combinations, and results shows that there are four cointegrating equations present. Therefore, it is evident that there are at least 4 cointegrating relations between the variables. Hence, some of macroeconomic indicators can be used to predict the broad money due to presence of vector. However, the Granger-Causality shows that no macroeconomic variable granger cause broad money (M1). Therefore, the selected macroeconomic indictors RS, LS, CPI, GDP deflator, RGDP and AP/P cannot be used to predict the variation in the broad money (M1) in case of Philippines. This means the money demand function in Philippines is not stable, and for this purpose further investigation is suggested by increasing sample size and time window in quarterly or semi-annually.

scholarly journals Monetary Anticipations and the Demand for Money: An Application for the South Asian Region

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-539
Author(s):  
Ather Maqsood Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Money Demand Function ◽  
Transitory Income ◽  
Consumer Durable ◽  
Definition Of

While there are a number of issues in economics which are frequently scrutinized, the most important of them probably is the determination of a stable money demand function. Other issues in this regard relate to the choice between (i) broad vs. narrow definition of money; (ii) measured vs. permanent income; (iii) short-term vs. long-term interest rate; and (iv) inclusion of a variable for inflation or expected inflation. Quite recently, a new dimension has been added to the demand for money function. It is now argued that unanticipatory changes in the nominal money supply also affect the real demand for money. Darby (1972) has proposed that unanticipatory nominal money supply behaves as a shock-absorber in the money demand function. Initially, Laidler (1980) and then Carr and Darby (1981) formulated a shock-absorber model in which they have shown empirically that unanticipatory shocks in money supply positively affect the demand for money. Inclusion of this shock variable was justified by Darby (1972) on the ground that money balances serve as a buffer stock or shock-absorber which temporarily absorbs unexpected variations in income, especially the transitory income, until an adjustment is reached in adjusting the portfolio of securities and in consumer durable goods. The shock absorber model of Carr and Darby is based on the following two hypotheses:

scholarly journals On the nexus between Stock Market Fluctuations and the Demand for Money in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Moayad Al Rasasi ◽  
Fares Rawah ◽  
Bander Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Money Demand Function ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Estimated Error

This research paper estimates the augmented money demand function for Saudi Arabia while incorporating stock prices as one of the key determinants and utilizing quarterly data spanning over the period of 2010-2018. The estimated money demand function coincides with theoretical expectation regarding income and interest rate over long run. In Particular, the demand for money is statistically significant and positively related with income while it’s negatively related with interest rate. On stock prices, the findings suggest that they are statistically significant and have positive impact on money demand over the long run. Moreover, the estimated error correction model indicates that it takes money demand about two quarters to adjust to its equilibrium condition.

scholarly journals THE MONEY DEMAND FUNCTIONS IN ISLAMIC ECONOMY: NEW EVIDENCE FROM IRAN-ARDL APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Sadeghi ◽  
Saeed Khadivy Rofougar
Keyword(s):  
Money Demand ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Money Demand Function ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Monetary Economy ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Rental Rate

The demand for money is one of the most fundamental issues of the monetary economy for policy decision. On the other hand, according to the principle of prohibition of Riba, attitudes about the money market conditions in Islamic economics, is quite different from conventional economics. Hence achieving the money demand function in an Islamic country would be necessary. Most studies about the money demand in Islamic economy used the Keynesian approach, while in modern macroeconomics, money demand function derived by using the microeconomics-based approach. Hence in this article investigate some models of the microeconomics-based approach, then, in accordance with Islamic principles, it choose the best among them that is shopping-time model. After that we derive the Islamic money demand function. The results indicate that the demand for money is the function of income and rental rates of sukuk. The marginal product of capital due to an additional unit of income spend for Infaq (spending in Allah's way), depend on the expected inflation rate, depreciation rate and rental rates of Sukuk. In this paper, apply ARDL approach to estimate the money demand function in Islamic republic of Iran in period of 1978-2008 i.e. after Islamic revolution. The results suggested that M1 and M2 money demand are co-integrated with income and rental rate of Sukuk. Incorporating CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests into co-integration analysis, we conclude that M2 money demand is more stable than M1.

scholarly journals Structural Breaks, Stability and Demand for Money in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5(J)) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Sambulo Malumisa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Money Demand Function ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Cointegrating Vector ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Procedure ◽  
Policy Shifts

The paper tests the null hypothesis of a stable long-run money demand in South Africa over the period 1970-2013. We employ the Gregory-Hansen (GH) method to test for the possibility of structural breaks in the money demand function. The Johansen Maximum likelihood procedure is carried out to determine the cointegration vector from which existence of one cointegrating vector is supported. Also based on the GH criterion, there is existence of one cointegrating vector. GH proposes three structural breaks for the money demand function. Results suggest that endogenous breaks occurred in 1991 and 1994. The GH cointegration equations reject M1 whilst M2 and M3 pass and we proceed to estimate the error-correction model. Complemented by the CUSUM and CUSUM of squares, the tests carried out suggest that monetary policy shifts did not introduce instability.

scholarly journals Stability Of Money Demand In A Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence From South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Niyimbanira
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Explanatory Variables

A stable money demand function plays a vital role in the analysis of macroeconomics, especially in the planning and implementation of monetary policy. When investigating the theory of money demand, there are some important issues that need to be considered, such as the choice of the appropriate measure of money, the scale variable (income or wealth) and the opportunity cost variable (short- or long-term interest rates). This paper estimates a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between real money demand (RM2) and its explanatory variables in South Africa, using cointegration and error correction methods. The results obtained confirm the existence of such stable equilibrium relationships. The crucial results from the Error Correction model (ECM) indicate that monetary policy in South Africa is effective. However, in spite of its efficiency, monetary policy does not have a quick effect, needing at least four quarters (one year) from its inception to make a real difference. In other words, there might be difficulties in implementing monetary policy in an emergency situation. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are made in the paper.

Determinants of Money Supply in Light of Price Changes in Iraqi Economy: (1990 – 2014)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Salam Al-Shami ◽  
Quahtan Al-Rubeiey
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Money Demand Function ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Continuous Basis ◽  
Conducting Research

This research addresses the main factors that determine Iraqi money demand for the period of 1990- 2014, in light of continuous price changes as an appropriate approach to find effective monetary policy. The research problem was crystalized in the following questions can we estimate the function of money demand in the Iraqi economy with accordance of economic theories?. An assumption stating that price changes are among the most important factors determining money demand function in Iraqi economy was adopted. It was found, using descriptive analysis of data available on economic variables that express money demand and its determinants (Non-petrol GDP, CPI, and interest rate) and the use of modern econometric techniques. And finally, after estimating money demand function of Iraqi economy, it was found that there is an important role of what is going on in price changes in money demand volume for the studied period, which confirms the hypothesis, due to exceptional conditions through which Iraqi economy went, and still suffering their consequences including wars, financial crisis, and fluctuations in petrol prices, which emphasizes the importance of conducting research and studies on money demand and its determining variables on a continuous basis to ensure the success of monetary policy in achieving its objectives.

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