scholarly journals Accounting For Stock Options: A Historical Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Carruth
Keyword(s):  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Income Statement

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 40.5pt 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In recent years stock options have become one of the most dominant and controversial forms of executive compensation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Stock options are controversial not only because of the sheer magnitude of some executive option grants, but also because of the method used to account for them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Currently, the fair value of stock options does not have to be reported as compensation expense on the income statement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Critics maintain this approach results in an inflated and misleading amount of reported net earnings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>This paper addresses the role of stock options as an effective means of employee compensation and traces the historical development of the accounting treatment of stock options.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>In addition, the current reporting requirements for options are discussed along with recommendations for improving the manner in which stock options are accounted<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></p>

scholarly journals The Implications Of Expensing Stock Options On Corporate Governance

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinita Ramaswamy ◽  
C. Joe Ueng
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Employee Stock Options ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Principal Agent Problem

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 34.2pt 0pt 0.5in; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This paper examines the roots of the abuse of stock options, finding it centered on a principal/agent problem that arises when employee stock options are not required to be expensed in the income statement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The failure of corporate governance, including the proper oversight of executive compensation, and the failure of FASB to require expensing stock options, leads to a management-centric organization whose motives diverge from the interests of shareholders.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Historical perspective on astrophysical MHD simulations

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S270) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Michael L. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Adaptive Mesh Refinement ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Mhd Simulations

AbstractThis contribution contains the introductory remarks that I presented at IAU Symposium 270 on “Computational Star Formation” held in Barcelona, Spain, May 31–June 4, 2010. I discuss the historical development of numerical MHD methods in astrophysics from a personal perspective. The recent advent of robust, higher-order accurate MHD algorithms and adaptive mesh refinement numerical simulations promises to greatly improve our understanding of the role of magnetic fields in star formation.

scholarly journals Accounting For Stock Based Employee Compensation: A Continuing Controversy

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wrege ◽  
Mark Myring ◽  
Joe Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Employee Compensation ◽  
Compensation Contracts ◽  
History Of

<p class="MsoBlockText" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.6in 0pt 67.5pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Stock options represent an increasingly significant component of executive compensation. Theoretically, the inclusion of stock options in executive compensation contracts motivates managers to take actions that increase the market value of the firm's stock. Accounting standards regulating the treatment of stock options continue to be controversial. The focus of this paper is to examine the accounting treatment of stock options. We begin by outlining the controversial history of accounting for stock options.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Next, we examine the alternative accounting treatments for stock option.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Finally, we critique the proposed changes to the methods of accounting for stock options.<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></span></p>

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PERILAKU KEBERAGAMAAN PADA MASA KESULTANAN SAMBAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Isyatul Mardiyati
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Islamic Civilization

<p class="IIABSBARU1">From a historical perspective, Sambas Sultanate historically had a significant contribution to the diversity of the empire and the kingdoms in the archipelago. While the educational side of this empire have also contributed to the transmission of the scientific world-Malay archipelago in the context of the development of Islamic education as a chain of intellectual authority (intellectual genealogy) which in turn result in the intensification of the Islamization of Islamic civilization in Indonesia. One role of the educational Sambas Sultanate is their success in producing the best sons of the Malay world and the Islamic world, such as Indra Crown Prince, Ahmad Khatib Sambas and H. M. Basyuni Imran. To find out more about the historical development of science Sambas Sultanate both from within and outside the palace will be presented further in this paper.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Dari perspektif sejarah, Kesultanan Sambas memiliki sumbangan yang signifikan terhadap keragaman kerajaan di kepulauan Indonesia. Sementara itu dari sisi pendidikan kerajaan ini juga memberikan kontribusi bagi transmisi dunia keilmuan di kepulauan Indonesia dalam konteks perkembangan pendidikan Islam sebagai jaringan intelektual (genealogi intelektual) yang pada gilirannya mempengaruhi intensifikasi Islamisasi peradaban Islam di Indonesia. Salah satu peran pendidikan Kesultanan Sambas adalah keberhasilannya dalam meng­hasil­kan putra terbaik dalam dunia Melayu dan Islam, seperti Putra Mahkota Indra, Ahmad Khatib Sambas, dan H.M. Basyuni Imran. Kajian ini akan mengungkap perkembangan sejarah ilmu di Kesultanan Sambas, baik di dalam maupun luar Kesultanan Sambas.

scholarly journals University Autonomy and Academic Freedom: A Historical Perspective

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Guruz
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
The State ◽  
University Autonomy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Changing Role

A brief summary of the historical development of the concepts of academic freedom and university autonomy is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the changing interpretation of university autonomy that has paralleled the changing role of the state from regulatory to evaluative.

scholarly journals Employee Stock Options And Market Efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Laux ◽  
Abdou N’Dir
Keyword(s):  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Market Reaction ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Employee Stock Options ◽  
Income Statement

This study investigates market reaction to SFAS 123 Revised, “Share Based Payment,” which requires companies to recognize the fair value of employee stock options as expense on the income statement. Using a sample of 128 firms for the 2004 and 2005 periods, we find that markets have efficiently incorporated information formerly disclosed only in footnotes to the financial statements, effectively nullifying the argument that formally recognizing the expense would have a deleterious effect on stock prices of firms offering this type of compensation.

The development of a Language Centre. An example of best practice in a historical perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-339
Author(s):  
Liliana Szczuka-Dorna
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
European Universities ◽  
University Of Technology

Abstract The XXVth Anniversary of CercleS brings back memories not only of the CercleS Association and its development, but also of the role of Language Centres in European universities. This article presents the Centre of Languages and Communication (CLC) at Poznan University of Technology (PUT) in Poland. It focuses on the main challenges the CLC has experienced over the years and presents facts from its historical development. It is a very personal article which can be read in two ways: firstly, as a memoir with facts and detailed information about the development of the CLC, and secondly, as a guide for new Language Centres and their managers, who may wish to play a positive role at national and international levels.

Sports Photography and Historical Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-115
Author(s):  
Miloš Stamenković
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Primary Role

SummarySports photography undoubtedly has a significant place in sports press and publicism. It’s main and primary role is to present sports to the readers as art, which it is. Sport is characterized by dynamic and varied movements, and the main role of sports photography is reflected in the fact that it is in this way that sport shows its essence. Having in mind that photography tells more than a thousand words it sends a clear message to the reader as well to people who are informed about events via sports portals. Sports photography is a multidimensional art for many reasons. When we say “multi”, it primarily refers to a wider range that sports photography has to offer, which means sports photography is not only directed at presenting athletes on the move and the main actors who contribute to achieving the results by their engagement – it also has the role of sports “psychophotography” which is an analysis and capture of the emotional reaction of an athlete after winning or losing from the opposing team.

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