Nationalism in Balinese Kiai’s Poems: A Discourse Analysis

The paper discusses the teachings of nationalism by KHR. Ahmad al-Hadi bin Dahlan al-Falaky in his poems. This research tried to explore aspects of local wisdom and accordingly to figure out the values of nationalism within the poems of a traditional Kiai living in the Balinese society where the majority were Hindu’s people. Data were primarily sourced and collected from “Kumpulan Sya’ir KHR. Ahmad al-Hadi bin Dahlan al-Falaky (1895-1976).”It uses discourse analysis to reveal the meaning of the poems. This finding shows that the poems firmly teach and emphasize the values of nationalism to society. In this regard, such values are vital to fostering the people’s nationalism for living side by side and in harmony with “the others” in the Balinese local context to the Indonesian national context and dealing with the challenging globalized ways of life.

Political Promises in the Lens of Islamic Theology and Jurisprudence: A Case Study of Surabaya Mayor Election 2020

This research studied the status of political promises declared by Mayor candidates of Surabaya election 2020 during their campaigns started from September 26, 2020. It was field-library research with qualitative analysis. Data were collected by observing online media that particularly reports the election's campaign activities. They were then analyzed by using Islamic theology and jurisprudence approaches combined with structural-functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and social contract theories. It found four main remarks: first, Quranic verses and Prophetic traditions as theological underpinnings have definitely guided moral standards of Islamic politics, especially how to make such political promises. Secondly, the political realism of promises is a language of transactional politics and communication practice. Thirdly, political promises could only be legitimated by fulfilling strike pre-requirements and within very urgent conditions. Finally, the legal status of political promises must be contextual and conditional.

Religious Harmony and Tolerance in Disruption Era: A Study of Local Wisdom in Watu Asa of Central Sumba

Intolerance has been a major concern in religious life in the disruption era. This current study aims to discuss local wisdom that has helped maintain religious harmony and tolerance in Watu Asa of Central Sumba. The study was qualitative and descriptive in nature, while the investigation was carried out through participatory observation on the dynamics of religious life and in-depth interviews with religious and traditional leaders in Watu Asa Village. The results of the investi­gation confirm that the three religious communities, i.e. Christians, Marapu, and Muslims, can coexist peacefully because of the local wisdom and strong kinship. The local wisdom embedded in the tradition of tana nyuwu watu lissi, palomai or palonggamai, kalli kawana kalli kawinni, pandula wikki, mandara, and paoli, promotes the values of love, respect, mutual cooperation, and acceptance of one another. Those values are believed to be a social cohesion that interconnects interreligious people, regardless of their geographical, ethnic, and gender differences. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of the values of local wisdom as counter-narratives against intolerant religious ideology.

Women’s Socio-Political Dynamics in Indonesian Literature

Literary works have been believed to be media to spread ideas or ideology. This paper seeks to examine the images of women before Indonesia’s Reformation Era as reflected in Ahmad Tohari's Bekisar Merah and after the Reformation Era as reflected in Ayu Utami's Saman. By employing qualitative modes of inquiry and theories in the sociology of literature, this study has shown that images of women before and after Indonesia’s Reformation Era were depicted differently. Before Indonesia’s Reformation Era, the image of women tended to be submissive in dealing with the socio-political dynamics, while after the Reformation Era in 1998, they were depicted as progressive and even rebellious. However, it is also important to notice that this difference indicated the writers' political and ideological preference in describing the women’s position in Indonesian society in their era. The findings of this study support Gramsci's idea about ideological or cultural hegemony presented by literary work.

The Hindu-Muslim Interdependence: A Study of Balinese Local Wisdom

Muslim communities in the Hindu-majority area of Bali have existed since the 15th century. Since that period, the interdependence between the two religious communities has been something inevitable. This study aims to enrich the treasures of the interdependence discourse that exists between Muslims and Hindus in Bali. It tries to trace the history and early development of Islam in Bali, the relation pattern between Muslims and Hindus, and local wisdom influencing the interdependence in Bali. Data for this study were obtained through observations and interviews with key figures in Klungkung, Bali. After profound analysis, the writer concludes that the emergence of Islam in Bali occurred when Dalem Ketut Ngelesir (1380-1460) visited Majapahit during the vassal royal conference in early 1380 and brought 40 Muslim escorts. This period also marked the early Hindus-Muslim relationship in Bali with Klungkung as the first area with the Muslim community. Later, the relationship between Hindus and Muslims was maintained in the four consecutive periods: kingdom, colonization, post-independence, and the present. Among the local wisdom that has influenced the interdependence and integration between the two religious communities are megibung, ngejot, and religious activities such as the birth of Prophet Muhammad SAW., Nyepi, odalan, takbiran, and Eid al-Fitr.

The Implementation of Ijtihād Jamā'iy in MUI's Fatwa Commission

The Holy Quran and Sunnah contain universal values that require correct reasoning to be understood and applied by the Muslims. In this context, the scholars have been justified by Allah Almighty to undertake the ijtihād and ijmā’. This study aims to describe the ijtihād jamā’iy (collective ijtihād theory), as well as to analyze the imple­mentation of ijtihād jamā’iy at MUI’s Fatwa Commission in Lampung. This study is a combination of literature and field research. The data were obtained through literature studies of books, articles, and journals in related issues. Besides, the authors also interviewed MUI members to gain deeper information. Theoretically, the contemporary ijmā’ process can be pursued by an independent forum to conduct studies until a consensus is obtained from the majority of the participants. The panel must involve all religious elements in a representative manner. The practice of establishing Islamic law carried out by MUI’s Fatwa Commission of Lampung Province is in accordance with the concept of ijtihād jamā’iy in the science of uṣūl fiqh. This analysis is important so that people have a high level of compliance after knowing that the MUI Lampung fatwa is ijma, which in fact is one of the sources of Islamic law.

The Construction of Chinese Muslim Identities in Surabaya

This study aims to uncover how Chinese Muslims in Surabaya developed their identity in Post-Reformation. During the New Order regime, they could not show their identity as a part of Indonesian diversity. Chinese identity has merged with the “native” people. Along with the downfall of the authoritarian political system and the development of multiculturalism and pluralism, Chinese Muslims in Surabaya could express their cultural identity. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The results of the study reveal that the Chinese Muslims in Surabaya developed their cultural identity through Cheng Hoo Mosque, Chinese Muslim Organization, and Imlek Celebration. The cultural identity created a hybrid identity which is a combination of Chinese, Java, and Islamic cultures.

The Nationalism of Javanese Muslim Clerics: Study on Nationalism Discourse of Kitabs by Kiais of North Coast of Central Java in the XIX-XX Centuries

Treasures of the Javanese Muslim clerics (Kiais) thought on nationalism contained in their books have made a valuable contribution in maintaining Indonesia as a unitary state. Their papers discuss not only religious issues but also the values of nationalism. This study is aimed at examining the linguistic dimensions, the praxis-discourse, and the socio-cultural-political aspects of their books. It incorporates both critical discourse analysis and content analysis. From the profound analysis, the study concludes that, first, the texts concerning nationalism in a number of the Kiais’ books can be seen through their linguistic dimension. These linguistic dimensions are partly found in the books written by Kiais from coastal areas. Second, at the level of praxis-discourse, those books are mostly written in Pegon script. The preservation of Arabic Pegon is meant not only to facilitate Javanese society in learning but also to indicate the Kiais' love of the local language, which is part of the national identity. Third, those books were mostly written during the struggle of the Indonesian people against the colonizers. While writing and teaching their religious texts, the pesantren Kiais instill values of the importance of loving and caring for the motherland.

Fostering Religious Tolerance in West Papua: A Case Study of Muhammadiyah's Higher-educational Institutions

This study aims to identify the role of Muhammadiyah's higher-educational institutions in fostering religious tolerance in West Papua. Applying the qualitative method, this research is conducted in three Muham­­­ma­diyah higher-educational institutions in West Papua i.e., Universitas Muham­madiyah Sorong (UM Sorong) Sorong City, Uni­versitas Pendidikan Muham­madiyah Sorong (UNIMUDA) Sorong Regency, and Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pen­didikan (STKIP) Muham­ma­diyah Manok­wari. The results showed that Muham­ma­diyah’s higher-educational institutions are inclusive in terms of spiritual understanding. In fostering religious tolerance there are three approaches taken by the three Muhammadiyah higher-educational institutions in West Papua: 1) social approach, 2) cultural approach, and 3) excellent service approaches. The strategies implemented the role includes: 1) dissem­ina­ting Muham­madiyah’s vision and mission, 2) inculcating tolerance values since the beginning of students joining Muham­madiyah higher-educational institutions, 3) strengthening tolerance value by lecturing processes, conducting, sharing sessions both formally and informally, and 4) empowering student activity units and other facilities that support multicultural student interaction processes.

The Dynamics of the Khalwatiyah Sufi Order in North Luwu, South Sulawesi

This paper discusses the dynamic of the Khalwatiyah Sufi Order in North Luwu, South Sulawesi. The type of research is qualitative. The research focuses were the dynamic between the leader (caliphs) and followers of the Khalwatiyah Sufi Order. The authors gathered data through library and field research. The techniques to obtain the data were observation, interview, and documentation. The instruments used were interview guidelines, writing instruments, and mobile phones to record audio and video data. The results showed that: 1) The absence of caliphs who guide and teach the Khalwatiyah followers; 2) The assumption of a Khalwatiyah follower said that today's society is modern material life; 3) The absence of regeneration of these Khal­watiyah followers; 4) The young people from the Khalwatiyah family attending tertiary institutions and following various social organizations, they are more likely to develop their organizations than follow the Khalwatiyah ritual. 5) The effect of the environment.