scholarly journals Land and Labour Relations on Cocoa Farms in Sefwi, Ghana: Continuity and Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Yaro ◽  
Joseph K. Teye ◽  
Steve Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Western Region ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Land Frontier ◽  
Southern Ghana ◽  
Do So

When in the 1880s farmers in southern Ghana began to plant cocoa, their main concerns were finding land to plant and mobilising labour to do so. The issue of finding land remained paramount until at least the 1990s, when the land frontier of forest to clear for cocoa finally closed. The last forests to be planted were in the old Western Region and particularly in Sefwi, now the Western North Region. This paper examines how farmers in Sefwi obtained land and mobilised labour in the late 2010s, and how that has changed since the 1960s.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Continuity and Change: Shifts in Labour Relations in the Potosí Mines (1680–1812)

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (S24) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Barragán Romano
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The One

AbstractLabour relations in the silver mines of Potosí are almost synonymous with the mita, a system of unfree work that lasted from the end of the sixteenth century until the beginning of the nineteenth century. However, behind this continuity there were important changes, but also other forms of work, both free and self-employed. The analysis here is focused on how the “polity” contributed to shape labour relations, especially from the end of the seventeenth century and throughout the eighteenth century. This article scrutinizes the labour policies of the Spanish monarchy on the one hand, which favoured certain economic sectors and regions to ensure revenue, and on the other the initiatives both of mine entrepreneurs and workers – unfree, free, and self-employed – who all contributed to changing the system of labour.

The Millennial/Gen Z Leftists Are Emerging: Are Sociologists Ready for Them?

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-427
Author(s):  
Elaine Bell Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Do So

Sociology is being challenged by the new generation of students and scholars who have another view of society. Millennial/Gen Zs are the most progressive generation since the 1960s. We have had many opportunities to discuss and imagine power, diversity, and social change when we teach them in our classes or attend their campus events. Some Millennial/Gen Z believe, especially those in academia, that social scientists are tied to old theories and ideologies about race and gender, among other inconsistencies. These old ideas do not resonate with their views regarding equity. Millennials are not afraid to challenge the status quo. They do so already by supporting multiple gender and race identities. Several questions come to mind. How do we as sociologists with our sense of history and other issues such as racial and gender inequality help them along the way? Are we ready for this generation? Are they ready for us?

VOLUNTARY SERVICE AND STATE HONOURS IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITAIN

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS HARPER
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Public Image ◽  
British Politics ◽  
World War ◽  
Voluntary Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First World ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe importance of the honours system as an institution in British politics and public life has frequently been underestimated. At the end of the First World War, the British government prioritized voluntary service to the state as an area which the honours system should reward more than others through the newly created Order of the British Empire. However, after the war the Order changed to focus more on civil servants, soldiers, and the broad category of ‘local service’. The latter could include volunteers, but more often did not. Various attempts to democratize honours through reforms from the 1960s focused on rewarding a wider range of service. The most successful of these was John Major's honours reform programme in 1993, which returned volunteer service to the forefront of the public image of honours. While these reforms were not as egalitarian as they seemed, they were successful because they integrated an ideology of crown honours with the other functions of the modern monarchy and opened up the honours system to a wider potential set of recipients. At the same time, they maintained a hierarchical structure that meant that elites who had traditionally enjoyed the exclusivity of high honours continued to do so.

scholarly journals The policy objectives of the injunction and compliance order provisions in the Labour Relations Act 1987

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Policy Maker ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Do So

I am asked to discuss policy objectives, so let me first both limit and clarify my credentials to do so. I do not represent Lhe Minister of Labour or his policy advisors, nor are any views I express necessarily those of my employer, the Department of Labour. So I do not write with lhe authority of a policy maker.

Reluctant European

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wall
Keyword(s):  
British History ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Economic Need ◽  
Do So

In 2016, the voters of the United Kingdom decided to leave the European Union. The majority for ‘Leave’ was small. Yet, in more than forty years of EU membership, the British had never been wholeheartedly content. In the 1950s, governments preferred the Commonwealth to the Common Market. In the 1960s, successive Conservative and Labour administrations applied to join the European Community because it was a surprising success, whilst the UK’s post-war policies had failed. But the British were turned down by the French. When the UK did join, twelve years after first asking, it joined a club whose rules had been made by others and which it did not much like. At one time or another, Labour and Conservative were at war with each other and internally. In 1975, the Labour government held a referendum on whether the UK should stay in. Two thirds of the voters decided to do so. But the wounds did not heal. Europe remained ‘them’, not ‘us’. The UK was on the front foot in proposing reform and modernization and on the back foot as other EU members wanted to advance to ‘ever closer union’. This book tells the story of a relationship rooted in a thousand years of British history, and of our sense of national identity in conflict with our political and economic need for partnership with continental Europe.

FUND RAISING AND THE PROSPECTUS

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Michael Sharwood ◽  
Kim Seman
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Fund Raising ◽  
The Public ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Do So

Corporate regulation of fund raising has increased steadily since the 1960s, especially since the Corporations Law commenced in 1991. As a result of the Corporations Law and of amendments to the Listing Rules of Australian Stock Exchange Limited, it is now more complex and costly to raise funds for exploration.The fund raising concept of `offer to the public' has been replaced with a general prohibition on the offering of securities, subject to certain exceptions which are inconsistent in their application and limited in their usefulness.Although the ASC's objective was to obtain uniformity of administration and implementation of the Corporations Law, in the authors' opinion, it has failed to do so and, in addition, has demonstrated a wholly uncommercial and impractical approach to registration and post-vetting of prospectuses.A further impediment to fund raising is the ASX Listing Rule requiring a spread of 500 shareholders, each of which must hold a parcel of shares worth at least $2 000, before admission to the Official List may be granted.

Segregation

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Molly W. Metzger ◽  
Henry S. Webber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Housing Segregation ◽  
Fair Housing Act ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The 1960S

The introductory chapter to the book situates current housing segregation within a historical context. The chapter begins with a comparison of the current moment in housing to the circumstances preceding the signing of the 1968 Fair Housing Act. The chapter then presents a snapshot of demographic continuity and change since the 1960s, including a description of patterns of segregation along lines of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. An argument is presented for why all residents of the United States should care about housing segregation: segregation fundamentally impedes shared economic prosperity, frays the fabric of US democracy, and calls into question the self-defining notion of equality of opportunity. The chapter closes with a preview of subsequent chapters in this volume, which provide frameworks for understanding the problem of segregation as well as proposed policy solutions.

The English Reformation: Obedience, Destruction and Cultural Adaptation

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
RONALD H. FRITZE
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
English Reformation ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Tudor England ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
English Culture

Religious life and English culture in the Reformation. By Marjo Kaartinen. Pp. vii+210. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002. £45. ISBN 0 333 96924 3Preaching during the English Reformation. By Susan Wabuda. Pp. xx+203 incl. 15 figs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. £40. ISBN 0 521 45395 XAuthority and consent in Tudor England. Essays presented to C. S. L. Davies. Edited by G. W. Bernard and S. J. Gunn. Pp. x+301. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2002. £47.50. ISBN 0 7546 0665 1Keywords and concepts provide important organising principles when historians attempt to make sense of the past. Some keywords are virtual constants of historical discourse, such as ‘continuity’ and ‘change’, although the relative emphasis that historians place on them can fluctuate with circumstances and fashion. Other terms come and go. The study of the English Reformation is no exception to the ebb and flow of historical keywords. For much of the 1960s, 1970s and the early 1980s, ‘popular reformation’ was a central concept of interpretation and research. But no more. Thanks to the historical fashion which has been styled ‘revisionism’, ‘popular reformation’ in early sixteenth-century England at least is widely considered to be an oxymoron. Consequent on the work of A. G. Dickens, ‘official’ or ‘state-sponsored reformation’ went into an eclipse but with the advent of revisionism it has been both revived as well as revised.

Address of the President Sir Andrew Huxley at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1982

1983 ◽  
Vol 217 (1207) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Nicotinamide Coenzymes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
General Synthesis ◽  
Do So

The Copley Medal is awarded to Sir John Cornforth, F. R. S. Sir John’s early research, conducted in Australia, was principally on natural products from plants. Later he came to work with Sir Robert Robinson at the University of Oxford on the chemistry of penicillin and steroids. The latter research culminated, in 1951 and simultaneously with that of R. B. Woodward in the United States of America, in the first total synthesis of non-aromatic steroids. About the same time, Cornforth also described the use of hecogenin starting-material for cortisone synthesis, and a new stereoselective general synthesis of olefines. Subsequently, with G. Popják, he made major contributions to the determination of the stereochemistry of reactions controlled by nicotinamide coenzymes. They also devised labelling methods to elucidate the stereochemistry of steroid and polyterpenoid biosynthesis, resulting in the definition in every detail of the stereochemistry of squalene biosynthesis. To do so, asymmetrically labelled mevalonates and, subsequently, asymmetrically labelled methyl groups were synthesized; this provided a technique to study the fine details and elucidate the stereochemistry of many enzymic reactions. In the 1950s Sir John also synthesized the mucopolysaccharide component, acetylneuraminic acid, and in the 1960s the plant hormone abscisic acid. At present, he is attempting to synthesize organic molecules specifically designed as enzyme-like catalysts of olefine hydration.

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