scholarly journals Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Syari’ah dalam Perspektif Hukum Tata Negara Pascareformasi

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Erfina Fuadatul Khilmi
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Social Morality ◽  
Law System ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development

Indonesia in the aftermath of Reformation, the relationship between powers of central and local governments has shifted the paradigm in which the power of central government has been transferred from centralized-authoritarian to decentralized-autonomy. One of decentralized powers of local government is by providing the power to self-regulate without certain interventions from central government, including the initiative to establish bylaws (Peraturan Daerah) as the results of local autonomy.  In further development of autonomy, however, the wider decentralization and autonomy attached to local governments has been responded differently. One of such responses is the establishment of sharia bylaws in which they result in problems in the Indonesian constitutional law system. From constitutional views, bylaws in local governments other than Aceh province violate citizen’s constitutional rights by which those are not accomodated in the hierarcy of national regulations. On the other hand, however, the establishment of sharia bylaw is important as an attempt to nurture social morality. Accordingly, there should not be abandonment regarding the establishment of sharia bylaws in several local governments other than Aceh province. But, the reaffirmation is needed relating to the position of sharia bylaws in the constitutional perspective which is not only seen formally, but also materially. Keywords: Post-Reformation, Decentralization, Shari’a Bylaws, Constitutional Law

scholarly journals SEPARAÇÃO DOS PODERES E A EVOLUÇÃO DO ENTENDIMENTO DO STF SOBRE O MANDADO DE INJUNÇÃO

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (54) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Vidal Serrano NUNES JUNIOR ◽  
Marcio Ortiz MEINBERG
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Normative Function ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analytical Dimension

RESUMOTrata-se de artigo cujo objetivo é identificar o entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal - STF sobre a Separação dos Poderes no que se refere à natureza do Mandado de Injunção, um remédio constitucional a ser concedido em caso de omissão do Poder Público em editar norma regulamentadora necessária para viabilizar o exercício dos direitos e liberdades constitucionais e das prerrogativas inerentes à nacionalidade, à soberania e à cidadania. O entendimento histórico do STF sobre o tema não é consensual e são percebidas ao menos duas grandes correntes às quais se afiliaram os ministros: Teoria Concretista e Teoria Não-Concretista (além de suas subdivisões). As duas grandes correntes diferenciam-se radicalmente, tanto no que se refere ao relacionamento entre o Judiciário e os demais Poderes, quanto aos efeitos do Mandado de Injunção. Além disso, o entendimento do STF evoluiu historicamente, não apenas quanto ao posicionamento majoritária da Corte em torno de alguma das teorias, mas também quanto ao desenvolvimento de cada uma delas. A partir da análise das principais decisões do STF sobre o tema, sistematizaremos as características centrais de cada uma das correntes (e como se diferenciam), bem como suas fundamentações e evolução. A metodologia adotada é a Dogmática Jurídica (cf. Alexy e Dreier), com foco nas dimensões empírica (pela análise das decisões do STF) e analítica (estabelecendo definições e sistematizando os conceitos utilizados pelos ministros do STF). Como conclusão, apresentaremos as características centrais de cada uma das teorias adotadas pelo STF no que se refere ao tema Separação dos Poderes.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Separação dos Poderes; Mandado de Injunção; Função Normativa. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to identify how Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF (Brazilian’s Supreme Court) sees the Separation of Powers related to the nature of the Writ of Injunction, a constitutional remedy (relief) to be granted in case of Public Power’s omission in enacting a regulatory norm needed to enable the exercise of constitutional rights and freedoms and the prerogatives inherent in nationality, sovereignty and citizenship. The historical opinion of the STF on this subject is not consensual, and there is at least two major currents in which the ministers-judges have joined: Concretist Theory and Non-Concretist Theory (and its subdivisions). The two major currents differ radically, either about the relationship between the Judiciary and the other Powers, as about the effects of the Writ of Injunction. Besides, the STF’s opinion has evolved historically, not only regards the majority position of the Court around one of the theories, but also as to the development of each of them. After analysing the main STF’s decisions on the subject, we systematize the central characteristics of each of the currents (and how they differ from each other), as well as their foundations and evolution. The methodology is the Legal Dogmatic (according Alexy and Dreier), with focus on the empirical dimension (the analysis of STF’s decisions) and analytical dimension (the establishment of definitions and the systematization the concepts used by the STF’s ministers-judges). In conclusion, we present the central characteristics related to Separation of Powers of each one the theories adopted by the STF.KEYWORDS: Separation of Powers; Writ of Injunction; Normative Function.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE HANDLING OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yurispruden ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Fahrul Abrori
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

 ABSTRAKPandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membuat pemerintah membuat kebijakan-kebijakan sebagai stimulus untuk menjaga kestabilan masyarakat dan perekonomian. Pemerintah pusat memberikan kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengelola keuangan daerah untuk menangani covid-19 di daerah masing-masing. Hal ini disebabkan karena pemerintah daerah lebih memahami kebutuhan daerahnya. Permasalahan yang diangkat Pertama, bagaimana hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Kedua, Apa peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu desentralisasi fiskal yang mana. Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dengan melakukan refocusing kegiatan, realokasi anggaran, dan Penggunaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah.Kata kunci: Pemerintah Daerah, Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah, Pandemi Covid-19 ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia led the government to make policies as a stimulus to maintain the stability of society and the economy. The central government authorizes local governments to manage local finances to deal with covid-19 in their respective regions. This is because the local government better understands the needs of the region. The issue raised first, how is the relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Second, What is the role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Using normative juridical research methods with statutory approaches and concept approaches. The relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in Financial Management for the Handling of the Covid-19 Pandemic is fiscal decentralization. The role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic is by refocusing activities, reallocating budgets, and using regional budgets.Keywords: Local Government, Regional Financial Management, Covid-19 Pandemic

Who Decides?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Constitutional Protection ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Federal Constitutional

The earlier book, 51 Imperfect Solutions, told stories about specific state and federal individual constitutional rights, and explained two benefits of American federalism: how two sources of constitutional protection for liberty and property rights could be valuable to individual freedom and how the state courts could be useful laboratories of innovation when it comes to the development of national constitutional rights. This book tells the other half of the story. Instead of focusing on state constitutional individual rights, it focuses on state constitutional structure. Everything in law and politics, including individual rights, eventually comes back to divisions of power and the evergreen question: Who decides? The goal of this book is to tell the structure side of the story and to identify the shifting balances of power revealed when one accounts for American constitutional law as opposed to just federal constitutional law. Who Decides? contains three main parts—one each on the judicial, executive, and legislative branches—as well as stand-alone chapters on home-rule issues raised by local governments and the benefits and burdens raised by the ease of amending state constitutions. A theme in the book is the increasingly stark divide between the ever-more-democratic nature of state governments and the ever-less-democratic nature of the federal government over time.

No taxation, no representation: An investigation of the relationship between natural resources and fiscal decentralization

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234-1255
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arzaghi ◽  
Andrew Balthrop
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Resource Rents ◽  
Natural Resource Rents ◽  
The Relationship

Rents from natural resources can alter the relationship between central and local governments by providing a new source of government financing. We develop a model to explore the relationship between fiscal decentralization and resource abundance. Our model indicates that natural resource rents can detach central government expenditures from the tax base so that the central government can spend more to persuade a fractious periphery to remain under central government control. Thus, other things being equal, higher natural resource rents can result in less decentralized government expenditures. We empirically explore the relationship between fiscal decentralization and natural resource rents using a panel of 60 countries over the past 40 years. Empirical results support our economic model: A 1% increase in natural resource rents as a fraction of gross domestic product results in government expenditures that are 0.53% less decentralized.

Considerations on Relationship Between Central and Local Governments During Huge Disasters – Necessity and Application of Special Rules on Evacuation Measures and Relief –

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-519
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Murota ◽  
Fumio Takeda ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
National Emergency ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the Central and local governments during an emergency has been primarily discussed at the Diet, in connection with the Constitution’s amendment, including the emergency provisions. However, opinions from the various fields are divided and discussions are typically based on whether an emergency state should be tackled principally by the Central Government or municipalities. The increasing risk of a super wide-area disaster (huge disaster) that can be expressed as national emergency state, such as the Great Nankai Trough Earthquake and large-scale flood, makes it imperative for advancing the previously mentioned discussions. It should be examined whether a state of emergency state could be managed appropriately within the administrative framework of the municipalities based on the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act. In addition, necessary measures should be adopted within the purview of the existing laws apart from the discussions on the amendment of the Constitution. In this case, detailed discussions are needed on, for example, what kind of special rules should be established regarding the relationship between the Central and local governments. In this paper, the Great Nankai Trough Earthquake, large-scale flood in metropolitan areas, nuclear disaster, and complex disaster along with natural disaster are considered; the plans created by the Central Government in terms of the disaster prevention measures for such disasters are examined; and the items requiring special rules on the relationship between the Central and local governments are extracted from the disaster emergency measures. Furthermore, the per item application procedure of these special rules is also determined.

scholarly journals KAJIAN YURIDIS ANGGARAN DISABILITAS DALAM KEUANGAN NEGARA

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hengky Widhi A. ◽  
Y. Sri Pudyatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
State Finance ◽  
The Law ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

This study is departed from the idea that the provision of budget for the persons with disabilities is a very important thing. Recalling this problem, a good regulation is required. This study raised a problem of the urgency of budgeting for the persons with disabilities and the funding strategy as well as the juridical strategy in governing the budget for the persons with disabilities. This study employed a juridical analytical method, a research which is conducted to analyze certain provision of law to be used later in answering the society’ problem. From the research, it could be found that the provision of fund to provide the infrastructures for the persons with disabilities is very urgent. Such urgency included the reasons concerning the funding provision for the persons with disabilities and the determination of their needs required the funding provision. The budgeting strategy for the persons with disabilities is highly dependent on who is responsible for the affairs concerning the persons with disabilities. In the context of the relationship division between Central Government and Local Government, it includes those decentralized to local areas. For that reason, the local areas could provide it from Local Original Income (PAD) deriving from Entertainment Tax with earmarking pattern. When it was not sufficient, recalling that the existing local tax potential was inadequate or null, the funding for the persons with disabilities could be provided by Central Government and the other legitimate source of funds. The regulation strategy which should be taken is to amend the Law Number 28 of 2009 and Law Numer 40 of 2007 on Corporate Social Responsibility, to establish the Law of the Persons with Disabilities to govern the funding.Keywords: persons with disabilities, budget, state finance

scholarly journals Analisis Hubungan Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah dan Ketergantungan Daerah Terhadap Pengangguran dan Kemiskinan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225
Author(s):  
Rosyafa Febiandani ◽  
Deky Aji Suseno
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Adanya desentralisasi fiskal diharapkan dapat menciptakan kemandirian daerah dan dapat mengurangi ketergantungan pemerintah daerah terhadap pemerintah pusat. Kemandirian keuangan daerah dicerminkan dengan perbandingan besarnya PAD terhadap total pendapatan daerah. Sejak 10 tahun dilaksanakannya otonomi daerah sesuai UU No 32 Tahun 2004, kemandirian keuangan daerah di Provinsi Jawa Tengah masih berada di level yang kurang baik dibandingkan dengan provinsi lainnya di Pulau Jawa. Jumlah pengangguran dan jumlah penduduk miskin di Provinsi Jawa Tengah juga masih terhitung tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dari tingkat kemandirian keuangan daerah dan tingkat ketergantungan daerah terhadap tingkat pengangguran dan tingkat kemiskinan di kabupaten/kota Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2013. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Korelasi Kanonikal menggunakan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemandirian keuangan daerah mempunyi hubungan yang signifikan, kuat, dan tidak searah dengan pengangguran dan kemiskinan. Sedangkan hubungan antara ketergantungan daerah terhadap kemiskinan dan pengangguran mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan, tidak kuat, dan tidak searah. Peningkatan kemandirian keuangan daerah guna mengurangi tingkat ketergantungan terhadap pemerintah pusat dapat dilakukan dengan cara menggali dan mengelola sumber daya atau potensi daerah yang dimilikinya secara efektif dan efisien sebagai sumber utama pendapatan keuangan daerahnya. Fiscal decentralization is expected to create  independency regional financial  and to reduce the dependence of local governments to the central government. Independency regional financial can be result by the ratio of PAD to total local revenue. Since 10 years the implementation of regional autonomy based on UU No. 32 of 2004, independency regional financial in Central Java  is still unwell compared to the other provinces in Java. As well as unemployed, and the poverty in Central Java is still high. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship of  independency regional financial and the dependency regional to unemployment and poverty in Central Java period 2013. The data used in this research is secondary data. The method of analysis used is the Canonical Correlation Analysis using SPSS application. The results of research showed that the relationship of independency regional financial are significant, strong, and no direct relation with unemployment and poverty The relationship between dependency regional with unemployment and poverty are significant, no strong, and no direct relation. Increased the independency local financial to reduce the dependence on the central government can be done by managing the resources or the potential of region effectively and efficiently as the source from their financial local revenue

scholarly journals Central-Local Government dalam Manajemen Bencana Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 709-721
Author(s):  
Rumzi Samin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the local government and the central government in handling COVID 19 in Indonesia is considered very bad because the existing disaster management is considered slow in breaking the chain of the spread of COVID 19. This study focuses on coordination between the central government and local governments where there are many mismatched statements in determining policies in handling COVID 19 which is confusing in the application of handling this COVID 19 disaster. The research method using a systematic literature review is one approach to the literature review method by describing the procedure for selecting publication criteria and/or literature that is reviewed with the aim of getting a broad picture related to a particular topic or issue. The results of the study indicate the need for principles of interaction between local and central government authorities in the task of handling the COVID-19 disaster that has not used a good disaster management strategy, this is because it does not implement the relationship responsibility principles of central-local government interaction so it is necessary to strengthen communication. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a complicated bureaucratic system in central-local government interactions

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