scholarly journals The Determination of Aromatic Character of Several Local Rice Varieties using Phenotypic Analysis and Molecular DNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Wahyu Indra Duwi Fanata ◽  
Syafira Fatihatul Husna
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Aromatic Character ◽  
Badh2 Gene

The pandan scent in aromatic rice has been known as the result of 8 bp deletions and 3 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPS) in BADH2 gene, which produce non-functional betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) enzyme. Several DNA markers for aromatic character based on mutation in BADH2 gene have been developed. In our experiment, we analysed the presence of aromatic character in four local rice variety such as Merah Wangi, Pendok, Genjah Arum, and Mentik Wangi Susu using KOH method and DNA molecular method using three DNA markers to detect mutation that responsible for the development of aromatic character. Phenotype analysis using KOH method showed that Merah Wangi, Genjah Arum, and Mentik Wangi Susu produce pandan scents. PCR analysis using Bradbury and Badex7-5, and RM223 markers showed the presence of BADH2 mutation in Merah Wangi and Mentik Wangi Susu, whereas Pendok and Genjah Arum did not show BADH2 mutation using those used three markers. Our results indicate that among four investigated local rice, only Merah Wangi and Mentik Wangi Susu are categorized as aromatic rice whereas Pendok and Genjah Arum are non-aromatic.Keywords: genetic analysis, aromatic rice, specific markers, genetic mutation.

scholarly journals What is the Molecular Basis of Aroma in Biriyanicheera - A Tropical Aromatic Rice Genotype

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
VEERABHADRASWAMY M ◽  
P SINDHUMOLE ◽  
DEEPU MATHEW ◽  
M R SHYLAJA ◽  
JIJI JOSEPH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Genotype ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Aroma Production

Abstract The aromatic rice cultivars possess excellent aroma generally when grown in their favourable and specific environments. An early maturing selection from a Kerala aromatic local landrace with short grains, named ‘Biriyanicheera’, when grown in normal tropical conditions was sufficiently fragrant. The present study focused on the analysis of aroma in ‘Biriyanicheera’ rice genotype through molecular methods. The seeds of two aromatic rice varieties viz., Biriyanicheera and Gandhakasala (from Palakkad, Thrissur and Ernakulam districts) along with one non-aromatic rice variety Triveni (control) were used for the study. The BADH2 gene was amplified in all the three rice varieties. Upon sequencing the amplified PCR products of genomic DNA, the mutation in BADH2 gene was detected. The sequencing results of aromatic varieties revealed the presence of 8 base pair mutation in exon 7 in Biriyanicheera and Gandhakasala, whereas this mutation was absent in the non-aromatic variety Triveni. This indicated that aroma production in Biriyanicheera variety is due to similar mutation in BADH2 gene as that of the popular scented rice Basmati.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Flavor Beras Varietas Padi Aromatik dari Ketinggian Lokasi yang Berbeda

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsera Tarigan ◽  
Jumali Jumali ◽  
B. Kusbiantoro
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Principle Component ◽  
Flavor Components ◽  
Hydro Carbon

To express its optimum flavor, aromatic rice variety should be planted at a specific location. Elevation and soil types are generally considered as the main influencing factors. In this research, three sites, representing low, medium and high elevation, were used to test aromatic rice varieties for its flavor expression. The sites of research were Garut (over 1000 m above sea level/asl), Sumedang (over 500 m asl), and Subang (less then 500 m asl). The flavor components were measured using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer, GCMS. The data were analyzed using principle component method. Elevation of the sites greatly affected the flavor components of Gilirang, Cimelati, and Sintanur varieties. Among the volatile compounds constituting the rice flavor, hydro carbon aromatic and aldehyde were the most influential ones. Based on the principle component analysis, there were five components contributing to the flavor, namely: butyric acid, benzaldehyde, 2-nonen-1-ol, toluene, and hepthl alcohol. The 2AP (2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline) which gives the pandanus flavor in aromatic rice, was found only from the aromatic rice variety planted at high elevation of Garut. The volatile compounds influencing the taste preference, based on hedonic test, was detected most on Cimelati rice variety as a strong flavor aroma. The general responses of panelist with regard to the aroma, showed moderate aroma to all varieties tested. But for taste, texture, and preferences, most panelists chose Sintanur variety planted at medium elevations (Sumedang).

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Marker Detection of Badh2 Gene from Aromatic Rice Germplasm Resources in Southern Henan

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Bo Peng ◽  
Yu Zhu ◽  
Zi-Yu Wang ◽  
Juan Peng ◽  
Lu-Lu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Functional Molecular Markers ◽  
Badh2 Gene

The production of aroma in aromatic rice is due to the increase of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) precursor substances caused by the functional deletion of Badh2 gene on chromosome 8, and the accumulation of 2AP makes rice produce aroma. In this study, Badh2 gene was isolated and cloned from 18 representative aromatic rice cultivars in Southern Henan, and the bioinformatics analysis of Badh2 gene was carried out. Meanwhile, seven functional molecular markers developed by Badh2 gene were used to detect and analyze Badh2 gene in 18 aromatic rice varieties from Southern Henan. The results showed that the coding region of Badh2 gene was 1509 bp in length. It contained 15 exons and 14 introns, and encoded 503 amino acids. There are many types of variation of the Badh2 gene in the 18 aromatic rice varieties. According to the variation of Badh2 gene, the tested aromatic rice varieties could be divided into three groups, among which Xinxianggeng 1, Xiangnuo 25, Heixiangdao 193 and Xiangbao 2 were concentrated in group Ⅰ, while the other 14 kinds of aromatic rice were concentrated in group II. Seven functional molecular markers of Badh2 gene were used to detect different varieties mutation types in exon 2, exon 4~5, exon 7 and exon 13 of Badh2 gene. No aromatic rice varieties with different mutation types were found in promoter region, exon 12 and exon 14 of Badh2 gene. Therefore, our results provide important information for understanding the genetic basis of fragrant genes in aromatic rice germplasm resources in Southern Henan and breeding new varieties of high-quality aromatic rice using molecular marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Keterpautan 23 Marka Mikrosatelit pada Kromosom 6 dan 7 dengan Karakter Ketahanan Populasi Jagung terhadap Penyakit Bulai (Peronosclerospora maydis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Roberdi S Roberdi ◽  
Hajrial S Aswidinnoor ◽  
Asep S Setiawan ◽  
Sutrisno S Sutrisno ◽  
Marcia B Pabendon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Downy Mildew Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Genotypic Analysis

<p>Linkage of 23 Microsatellite Marker on Chromosome 6<br />and 7 to Downy Mildew Resistance on Maize. Roberdi,<br />Hajrial Aswidinnoor, Asep Setiawan, Sutrisno, Marcia B.<br />Pabendon, and M. Azrai. Downy mildew caused by<br />Peronosclerospora is one of most important maize disease<br />in several countries, including Indonesia. Parental and<br />progenies selection based on conventional breeding is time<br />consuming and laborious. Development of molecular<br />biology produces many DNA markers used for selection, one<br />of them is microsatellite. The aim of this research to identify<br />microsatellite markers associated with downy mildew<br />resistance on maize progeny MR-4 X AMATLCOHS-9-1-1-1-1-<br />1-2-B, on chromosome 6 and 7. This research was consisted<br />of two activities, phenotypic and genotypic analysis.<br />Phenotypic analysis used 175 progenies BC1F2 and both of<br />parents. This analysis included planting of spreading row,<br />inoculums preparation, inoculation of spreader rows, test<br />material planting, inoculation of test material and<br />observation. Genotypic analysis used 175 progenies BC1F1<br />and both of parents. This analysis included DNA genome<br />isolation, PCR analysis, electrophoresis, gel staining and data<br />scoring. Percentage of downy mildew infections on MR-4<br />was 76%, while these on AMATLCOHS-9-1-1-1-1-1-2-B was<br />16%, and on 175 progenies had range from 10.1-100%. Out of<br />23 SSR, 12 markers could be mapped in chromosome 6 and<br />11 markers in chromosome 7. QTL analyses showed that<br />chromosome 7 contain one QTL in position between phi082<br />and phi116I marker as far as 18.6 cM with 2.6 LOD value.</p>

scholarly journals Overexpression of Arabidopsis BBX 21 Gene in Bg 250 Rice Enhances Its Architecture and Productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
R.M.L.K. Ratnayaka ◽  
G.A.U. Jayasekera ◽  
G.H.C.M. Hettiarachchi
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Rice Callus ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Selection Medium

Arabidopsis BBX21 protein was identified as a transcription activator which can activate the light dependent transcription and positively regulate light mediated development of plants. The productivity of crop plants can be enhanced by over-expressing central regulators of light signaling pathway. The present study was conducted to enhance the productivity of Bg 250 Sri Lankan rice variety by overexpressing Arabidopsis BBX21 gene. The BBX21 gene was cloned into pPZP 200 binary vector and the cloned vector gene construct was transformed into Agrobarcteium tumefaciens GV3101 strain by freeze thaw method. The selected recombinant colonies of A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 harboring BBX 21 gene were transformed into three weeks old Bg 250 rice callus. Selection of the transformed callus was conducted on N6B5 selection medium containing 50 mg/L gentamycin and 500mg/L cefotaxime. A total of putative 83 plants which showed resistant to gentamycin were subjected to PCR analysis and the results showed 69 of the regenerated plants are transgenic. The T1 seeds collected from putative transgenic plants were characterize to check its integration and inheritance. The transgenic plants which showed 3:1 ratio was selected and further grown to obtain its homozygous lines. The expression of BBX21 gene was demonstrated by northern blot analysis and the results showed 4 fold higher expression of BBX21 gene in the transgenic plants compared with its non-transgenic wild type plants. The phenotypic analysis of homozygous BBX21 transgenic plants showed improved plant height, leaf length, leaf area, number of panicles and bushy appearance compared with its non-transgenic plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate an involvement of BBX21 gene in rice modifying architecture and productivity of Bg 250 transgenic plants. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 240-246

scholarly journals BRRI dhan80: High Yielding Jasmine Type Aromatic Rice Variety for Wet Season of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Kader ◽  
Tamal Lata Aditya ◽  
Ratna Rani Majumder ◽  
Tapas Kumer Hore ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Check Variety

A newly released jasmine type, aromatic, high yielding, long slender grain and exportable rice variety viz., BRRI dhan80, suitable for rain-fed low land ecosystem of Bangladesh is advancement over existing premium quality rice varieties. The variety has reasonably conceded the Proposed Variety Trial (PVT) conducted at the farmer’s field. As a result National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh has sanctioned this variety for its commercial cultivation in the wet season (Transplanted Aman season) in 2017. It has modern plant type with 120 cm plant height and matures by 130-135 days. The salient feature of this variety is like jasmine as having good quality grain, aroma, ten days earlier maturing than check variety. The proposed variety exposed around 1.0 t/ha higher yield than check variety namely BRRI dhan37. Isolating characters of this variety are deep blackish green leaf, erect to semi erect flag leaf, long slender aromatic grain with colored tip and presence of anthocyanin pigmentation/coloration on stem nodes. Its grain yield producing range is 4.5-5.0 t/ha grain yield. It has long and erect flag leaf with deep green color, brownish root and strong stem. Thousand grain weight of the variety is 26.2 gm and it has colored grain tip and pointed awn. This variety has 23.6% amylose content and 8.5% protein content. The jasmine type, exportable, aromatic rice variety (BRRI dhan80) is a superb variety for cultivating in the wet season and therefore, farmers can be economically more benefited if they will prefer BRRI dhan80 for its cultivation at large scale.

Glycaemic responses to glucose and rice in people of Chinese and European ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kataoka ◽  
BJ Venn ◽  
SM Williams ◽  
Lisa Te Morenga ◽  
IM Heemels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Adjusted Risk Ratio ◽  
Glucose Curve

Aims: Diabetes rates are especially high in China. Risk of Type 2 diabetes increases with high intakes of white rice, a staple food of Chinese people. Ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia have been reported. We compared glycaemic responses to glucose and five rice varieties in people of European and Chinese ethnicity and examined possible determinants of ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia. Methods: Self-identified Chinese (n = 32) and European (n = 31) healthy volunteers attended on eight occasions for studies following ingestion of glucose and jasmine, basmati, brown, Doongara® and parboiled rice. In addition to measuring glycaemic response, we investigated physical activity levels, extent of chewing of rice and salivary α-amylase activity to determine whether these measures explained any differences in postprandial glycaemia. Results: Glycaemic response, measured by incremental area under the glucose curve, was over 60% greater for the five rice varieties (P < 0.001) and 39% greater for glucose (P < 0.004) amongst Chinese compared with Europeans. The calculated glycaemic index was approximately 20% greater for rice varieties other than basmati (P = 0.01 to 0.05). Ethnicity [adjusted risk ratio 1.4 (1.2-1.8) P < 0.001] and rice variety were the only important determinants of incremental area under the glucose curve. Conclusions: Glycaemic responses following ingestion of glucose and several rice varieties are appreciably greater in Chinese compared with Europeans, suggesting the need to review recommendations regarding dietary carbohydrate amongst rice-eating populations at high risk of diabetes. © 2012 Diabetes UK.

scholarly journals Tailoring rice varieties to consumer preferences induced by cultural and colonial heritage: Lessons from New Rice for Africa (NERICA) in The Gambia

2021 ◽  
pp. 003072702110197
Author(s):  
Kofi Britwum ◽  
Matty Demont
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Auction Market ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Locally Grown

Rice breeding priorities in Africa often focus on agronomic gains. However, being a net importer of rice, the continent’s varietal replacement success also crucially hinges on new varieties’ market competitiveness vis-à-vis imports. Markets have been profoundly shaped by cultural and colonial heritage. Indigenous preferences for African rice can be traced back to ancient rice domestication and have been subsequently influenced by Asian rice import standards as a result of colonial import substitution policies. New Rice for Africa (NERICA) crosses between African and Asian rice species have the potential to reconcile these dual indigenous/import preferences, but little is known about their market competitiveness. We use auction market data to assess the intrinsic and extrinsic consumer value of NERICA in The Gambia relative to two market standards: branded, Asian rice imports and the most popular locally grown Asian rice variety. We categorize rice consumers into four market segments, based on their heritage as evidenced by their preferences and genealogical lineages. NERICA outperforms both Asian rice standards in terms of market competitiveness, and its value is further reinforced by colonial heritage and labeling, but somewhat weakened by cultural heritage. Consumers were found to pay price premiums for NERICA in the range of 5% to 22% relative to Asian rice imports, with the highest premiums offered by consumers with colonial heritage, representing 86% of the sample. Maintaining and expanding this market will require breeders to incorporate trait mixes that reconcile agronomic gains and consumer preferences induced by cultural and colonial heritage.

scholarly journals Combining QTL-seq and linkage mapping to fine map a candidate gene in qCTS6 for cold tolerance at the seedling stage in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luomiao Yang ◽  
Jingguo Wang ◽  
Zhenghong Han ◽  
Lei Lei ◽  
Hua Long Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Background Cold stress caused by low temperatures is an important factor restricting rice production. Identification of cold-tolerance genes that can stably express in cold environments is crucial for molecular rice breeding. Results In this study, we employed high-throughput quantitative trait locus sequencing (QTL-seq) analyses in a 460-individual F2:3 mapping population to identify major QTL genomic regions governing cold tolerance at the seedling stage in rice. A novel major QTL (qCTS6) controlling the survival rate (SR) under low-temperature conditions of 9°C/10 days was mapped on the 2.60-Mb interval on chromosome 6. Twenty-seven single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were designed for the qCST6 region based on re-sequencing data, and local QTL mapping was conducted using traditional linkage analysis. Eventually, we mapped qCTS6 to a 96.6-kb region containing 13 annotated genes, of which seven predicted genes contained 13 non-synonymous SNP loci. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed that only Os06g0719500, an OsbZIP54 transcription factor, was strongly induced by cold stress. Haplotype analysis confirmed that +376 bp (T>A) in the OsbZIP54 coding region played a key role in regulating cold tolerance in rice. Conclusion We identified OsbZIP54 as a novel regulatory gene associated with rice cold-responsive traits, with its Dongfu-104 allele showing specific cold-induction expression serving as an important molecular variation for rice improvement. This result is expected to further exploration of the genetic mechanism of rice cold tolerance at the seedling stage and improve cold tolerance in rice varieties by marker-assisted selection.

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