scholarly journals Improving Care for Low Birth Weight Infants in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Resti Utami
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Infection Control Measures

Background: Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) acute respiratory syndrome, also known as COVID-19, has spread exponentially around the world. COVID-19 attacks all age groups including the neonatal group because of the very high infection rate. Low birth weight (LBW) babies are a population that is susceptible to contracting COVID-19 because of their immature immune system. LBW is at risk of experiencing vertical and horizontal transmission due to COVID-19 with the controversial management of LBW care. Therefore, improving evidence-based LBW care in the era COVID-19 pandemic with infection control measures is needed to prevent the risk of transmitting LBW due to COVID-19. Purpose: This study aims to provide understanding and evidence on caring related to COVID-19 infection in LBW which is considered to reduce the threat of COVID-19 in LBW. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out by following the Update Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) to gain insight into LBW care in the era COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Of the 274 research articles produced, 14 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results: LBW care in the era Covid-19 pandemic such as breastfeeding, kangaroo method care, and living with mothers in accordance with infection control measures are important to increase scientific awareness about LBW care to prevent LBW contracting Covid-19. Conclusion: The risk of LBW infection around the time of birth is low when precautions to protect the baby are taken. The risk of short-term and long-term impact of LBW care if mother breastfeed and rooming-in are using infection control measures appears to be smaller than the physical separation of infants and not breastfeeding in this pandemic era.

scholarly journals Retrospective Study on Personal Protective Equipment During Pandemic Link to Outbreak of Carbpenem-Resistant Enterobacteriace

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s9-s10
Author(s):  
Kenisha Evans ◽  
Jennifer LeRose ◽  
Angela Beatriz Cruz ◽  
Lavina Jabbo ◽  
Teena Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Impact

Background: In 2019, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), had cost the lives of >35,000 patients, particularly the most virulent plasmid-mediated New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM). Although healthcare systems normally have strict surveillance and infection control measures for CRE, the rapid emergence of novel SAR-CoV-2 and COVID-19 led to a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical supplies. As a result, routine infection practices, such as contact precautions, were violated. Studies have shown this depletion and shift in resources compromised the control of infections such CRE leading to rising horizontal transmission. Method: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare system in Detroit, Michigan, to determine the impact of PPE shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic on NDM infection rates. The following periods were established during 2020 based on PPE availability: (1) pre-PPE shortage (January–June), (2) PPE shortage (July–October), and (3) post-PPE shortage (November–December). Rates of NDM per 10,000 patient days were compared between periods using the Wilcoxon signed rank-sum test. Isolates were confirmed resistant by NDM by molecular typing performed by the Michigan State Health Department. Patient characteristics were gathered by medical chart review and patient interviews by telephone. Results: Overall, the average rate of NDM infections was 1.82 ±1.5 per 10,000 patient days. Rates during the PPE shortage were significantly higher, averaging 3.6 ±1.1 cases per 10,000 patient days (P = .02). During this time, several infections occurred within patients on the same unit and/or patients with same treating team, suggesting possible horizontal transmission. Once PPE stock was replenished and isolation practices were reinstated, NDM infection rates decreased to 0.77 ±1.1 per 10,000 patient days. Conclusion: Control of CRE requires strategic planning with active surveillance, antimicrobial constructs, and infection control measures. The study illustrates that in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the burden of effective infection control requires much more multidisciplinary efforts to prevent unintentional lapses in patient safety. A swift response by the state and local health departments at a tertiary-care healthcare center conveyed a positive mitigation of the highest clinical threats and decreased horizontal transmission of disease.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cross Infection Control in Dentistry; A Patients’ Perception Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Ayesha Zafar ◽  
◽  
Samira Adnan ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Maria Shakoor Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Education Status

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perception of patients visiting a dental OPD in Karachi regarding cross infection control measures that should be taken in dental practice. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the OPD of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine from January to August 2020. A total of 546 patients aged 20-75 years of either gender coming for routine dental check-ups were included in the study using non-probability convenience sampling. A well-structured and validated questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of patients regarding cross infection measures that should be present in dental practices. SPSS-25 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate frequency and percentage of qualitative (gender, socioeconomic and education status, knowledge attitude and practice levels of patients) and quantitative variables (age groups). Chi-square test was used to detect the relation of patient's knowledge levels with potential factors like the age groups, gender, socioeconomic and education status. The p-value of (< 0.05) was considered as significant. RESULTS: Out of the total participants, 79.1% had good knowledge about cross infection control measures in dental practice. Majority of the patients (84.6%) agreed that dentists should wear gloves during treatment, though majority were of the opinion that a dentist can treat several patients with the same set of gloves. About 4.9% of the patients said that they ask the dentist to wear face mask and gloves while treating them, and only 3.3% said that they ask the dentist about sterilization of instruments. The knowledge level of patients showed variation with their education status but not with respect to socioeconomic status, age and gender. CONCLUSION: Although overall the patients visiting dental clinics had good perception and showed positive attitudes towards cross infection control, the dental health practitioners need to disseminate basic technical information about the infection-control practices required for safe dental practice to dental patients and the community at large. KEYWORDS: cross infection, knowledge, dentist, dental patients, perception

The Etiology of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Death in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Multicenter Survey in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Zhou ◽  
Yin Ba ◽  
Yang Du ◽  
Sam Bill Lin ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to identify causes of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) death in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants less than 1,000 g admitted in Chinese tertiary NICUs. Study design We retrospectively collected data on 607 ELBW infants from 39 level III NICUs from July 2016 to June 2019. The primary causes of death were compared among different gestation age, postnatal age groups, and areas with variable economic status. Results Among all 607 ELBW NICU deaths, 47.1% were multiple gestation with high rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) (43.3%); 53.4 and 34.1% received any or full course of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS). The most common causes of ELBW NICU death were respiratory distress syndrome-related neonatal respiratory failure (RDS-NRF, 43.5%), severe infection (19.1%), necrotizing enterocolitis or bowel perforation (9.4%), severe central nervous system injury (8.4%), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia-related respiratory failure (BPD-NRF, 7.7%). Causes of ELBW NICU death varied across postnatal age groups. RDS-NRF was the leading cause of early neonatal death, while severe infection in late neonatal death and BPD in postneonatal EBLW NICU death. RDS-NRF, severe brain injury, and asphyxia were most likely to die at early neonatal age (median age [interquartile range], 2 [0–5], 6 [3–9], and 3 [1–6] days, respectively) while severe infection and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) at late neonatal age, BPD-NRF at postneonatal age. Conclusion In Chinese tertiary NICUs, the major causes of death in extremely low birth weight infants were RDS, infection, NEC, brain injury and BPD, and they varied with postnatal age. Developing specific prevention strategies for identified causes of death in ELBW NICU may potentially improve ELBW survival.

Gambaran Pelaksanaan Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Pada Bayi Dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR): Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 554-561
Author(s):  
Hesti Rizqiana ◽  
Benny Afief Sulistyanto
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Body Temperature

AbstractBabies with low brith weight (LBW) require special care to prevent neonatal death due to low birth weight. To identify the description of the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) care in low birth weight infants. This research method used Literature Review. Research articles from several databases, namely PubMed and Portal garuda, were identified using the keywords "Kangaroo Mother Care" AND "Low Brith Weight" AND "Practice".These articles were published in 2015-2021. Research articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed using the JBI Cross Sectional Study instrument. There are five articles analyzed in this study. The results of the study showed the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in LBW infants. The average time of KMC implementation duration 65 minutes. Most of the respondent carried out KMC in the hospital after giving birth with the correct SOP according to the hospital procedures. It can be concluded that the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) can increase body weight in LBW babies, normal body temperature, and increase breastfeeding or nutrition.Keywords: LBW Babies; Kangaroo Mother Care; Practice AbstrakBayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) memerlukan perawatan yang khusus untuk mencegah terjadinya kematian neonatal. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) adalah salah satu cara yang mudah dan efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya kematian neonatal akibat BBLR. Untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran pelaksanaan perawatan Kangaro Mother Care (KMC) pada bayi berat badan lahir rendah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Literature Review. Artikel penelitian dari beberapa database yaitu PubMed dan Portal garuda di identifikasi dengan menggunakan kata kunci “Kangaroo Mother Care” AND “Low Brith Weight” AND “Practice” yang di batesi dari tahun 2015-2021. Artikel penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi di telaah dengan menggunakan instrument JBI Cross Sectional studi. Terdapat lima artikel yang dianalis pada penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan pelaksanaan Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) pada bayi BBLR yaitu terdapat durasi waktu pelaksanaan KMC yaitu rata-rata 65menit, mayoritas ibu yang melaksanakan, dilakukan di Rumah Sakit setelah bayi lahir dan dengan cara SOP KMC yang benar sesuai prosedur RS masing-masing. Dapat di simpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan berat badan pada bayi BBLR, suhu tubuh normal dan meningkatkan pemberian ASI atau nutrisi.Kata kunci: Bayi BBLR; Perawatan Metode Kanguru; Praktik

scholarly journals MalnutRition in low biRth weight infants ( literature review )

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Vera a. SkVortSoVa ◽  
◽  
tatyana e. BoroVik ◽  
olga k. netreBenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants
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