scholarly journals Główne założenia projektów ustaw o odpowiedzialności nieletnich na gruncie prawa karnego, opracowanych w początkach II Rzeczypospolitej

Prawo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Andrzej Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Republic

The main principles of draft legislation concerning juvenile liability under criminal law formulated at the beginning of the Second Polish RepublicThe paper is devoted to the main principles of draft legislation concerning juvenile liability under criminal law formulated in the early days of the Second Polish Republic. The author discusses the most important legal terms and constructs of the drafts formulated by Józef Reinhold and the Codification Commission of the Republic of Poland.He demonstrates that juvenile liability under criminal law was presented in a concise and clear manner in the draft regulations, with the legislators reaching a compromise over the latest views of the proponents of the legal doctrine at the time and making a creative use of the solutions used in other countries as well as these countries’ experiences. The aim of the Polish proposals was, first of all, to reform the juvenile offenders and not to put them in prison. The reform of criminal law applying to juveniles was meant to formulate special legal regulations as well as an autonomous adjudication procedure. It should be emphasised that the suggestions formulated in the Polish legal doctrine and legislation in the inter-war period were taken into account in the Polish Criminal Code of 1932 and still constitute the basis for dealing with juveniles committing criminal offences.Hauptgrundsätze der zu Beginn der Zweiten Polnischen Republik ausgearbeiteten Gesetzesvorschläge betreffend die strafrechtliche Verantwortung MinderjährigerDie Bearbeitung betrifft die Hauptgrundsätze der Projekte betreffend die strafrechtliche Verantwortung von Minderjährigen, die in den Anfängen der Zweiten Polnischen Republik ausgearbeitet wurden. Besprochen wurden die wichtigsten Begriffe und Rechtskonstruktionen des Projektes von Józef Reinhold und der Kodifikationskommission der Republik Polen.Es wurde bewiesen, dass die strafrechtliche Verantwortung von Minderjährigen in den polnischen Entwürfen synthetisch und durchsichtig ausgedrückt wurde. Sie berücksichtigten auch die neusten Meinungen der damaligen Doktrin des Strafrechtes und nutzten kreativ die entsprechenden Lösungen und Erfahrungen anderer Staaten. Das Ziel der in Polen ausgearbeiteten Lösungen war die Besserung der minderjährigen Straftäter und nicht ihre Bestrafung mit dem Freiheitsentzug. Die Reform des Strafrechtes für Minderjährige führte zur Aussonderung spezieller rechtlicher Regulierungen und einer autonomen Entscheidungsart. Zu betonen ist, dass die in der polnischen Rechtslehre und in der Gesetzgebung zu den Anfängen der Zwischenkriegszeit des 20. Jahrhunderts ausgearbeiteten Forderungen in dem polnischen Strafgesetzbuch aus dem Jahre 1932 berücksichtigt wurden und weiterhin eine Verfahrensgrundlage bei straffälligen Minderjährigen darstellen.

scholarly journals O genezie instytucji usiłowania i pracach nad jej ujęciem w projekcie polskiego kodeksu karnego z 1932 roku

Prawo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Andrzej Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Final Version ◽  
The Republic

On the origins of attempt and the work on its codification in the draft of the Polish Criminal Code of 1932 The paper presents the origins of attempt as well as the work conducted in the Criminal Unit and the Criminal Law Section of the Codification Commission of the Republic of Poland on the juridical construction of attempt. The discussion and analysis are based on the papers delivered during a meeting of the section by Juliusz Makarewicz and Aleksander Mogilnicki. The proposals presented in them were used in the final version of Chapter III of the draft Polish Criminal Code. The author demonstrates that the construction of attempt was shaped by in-depth discussions within the criminal law section. The aim was to codify attempt in a modern manner in the Criminal Code, taking into account earlier legislation as well as legal doctrine. Über die Genese der Institution des Versuchs und die Arbeiten um ihre Erfassung im Entwurf des polnischen Strafgesetzbuches aus dem Jahre 1932 In der Bearbeitung wurden die Genese der Institution des Versuchs und der Verlauf der Arbeiten der Strafabteilung und der Sektion Strafrecht der Kodifikationskommission der Republik Polen präsentiert, die ihre rechtliche Struktur betrafen. Die Grundlage der Diskussion und der Analyse stellten die Referate von Juliusz Makarewicz und Aleksander Mogilnicki dar, die während der Verhandlungen der Sektion vorgetragen wurden. Ihre Vorschläge wurden für die Vorbereitung der endgültigen Gestalt des 3. Kapitels des Entwurfes des polnischen Strafgesetzbuches verwendet. Es wurde bewiesen, dass die Form der Institution des Versuchs nach eingehenden Überlegungen im Rahmen der Sektion Strafrecht ausgearbeitet wurde. Das Ziel war, sie in dem Strafgesetzbuch modern zu erfassen, unter Berücksichtigung der Leistungen der früher geltenden Gesetzgebung und der Jurisprudenz.

scholarly journals Sex and gender characteristics in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia with special reference to the criminal offences of rape and domestic violence

Temida ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Marissabell Skoric
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The Republic

The study deals with the issue of whether the norms of criminal law make a distinction between male and female sex with regard to the perpetrator of the criminal offence as well as with regard to the victim of the criminal offence and also the issue of whether male or female sex have any role in the criminal law. It is with this objective in mind that the author analyzed the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia and statistical data on total crime in the Republic of Croatia and the relation between male and female perpetrators of criminal offences. The statistical data reveal that men commit a far greater number of offences than women. Apart from this, women and men also differ according to the type of the criminal offence they tend to commit. Women as perpetrators of criminal offences that involve the element of violence are very rare. At the same time, women are very often victims of violent offences perpetrated by men, which leads us to the term of gender-based violence. Although significant steps forward have been made at the normative level in the Republic of Croatia in defining and sanctioning of genderbased violence, gender stereotypes can still be observed in practice when sexual crimes are in question so that we can witness domestic violence on a daily basis. All of this leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to make further efforts in order to remove all obstacles that prevent changes in social relations and ensure equality between women and men, not only de jure but also de facto.

THE SOCIALDANGEROUSOF SOME CRIMES AGAINST THE FAMILY IN CRIMINAL LAW AND THE ISSUES OF CRIMINALIZATION OF CERTAIN ACTS IN THIS AREA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Zulkhumor Ibrokhimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Child Disclosure ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Objective Side

This article deals with the social danger of some crimes against family and family relations in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. From a scientific, theoretical and practical standpoint, the author analyzes the signs of the objective side of the elements of some crimes against the institution of the family, defined in Chapter V "Crimes against family, youth and morality" of the Criminal Code of Uzbekistan. In particular, such crimes as evasion from the maintenance of minors or disabled persons, evasion from the maintenance of parents, substitution of a child, disclosure ofthe secret of adoption, violation of the legislation on marriageable age were comprehensively considered. In addition, the issues of criminalization of certain acts against the family, which are not recognized as criminal in the Criminal Code, were raised and relevant proposals were presented

Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan Regarding Criminal Infractions and the Law Enforcement Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Aibar S. NURKHAN
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic

Studying of issues regarding criminal infractions – whether intended or imprudent – plays quite a significant role. Fundamental changes taking part in world economy and politics, globalization processes, as well as internal dynamics of country development, undoubtedly, have impact on national legal framework, including criminal law. Therefore, the main goal of the present paper is the analysis of legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding criminal infractions and the law enforcement practice. To reach this goal authors have used methods of comparison, analysis and data systematization. As a result it has been found that in Kazakhstan there are at average 4,3 registered criminal infractions per a convict. The term of criminal infraction has appeared in the Criminal Code in 2014 to cover offences of small gravity and administrative violations that cannot be referred to the sphere of state administration. Authors have revealed the punishment in the present day Kazakhstan is not a main form of criminal responsibility realization. In the majority of cases linked to criminal infractions the persons committed them are relieved from criminal responsibility at the stage of prejudicial inquiry.

scholarly journals Kwestia dopuszczalności stosowania środków zabezpieczających w stosunku do nieletnich sprawców czynów karalnych. Część II

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Piotr Góralski
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Precautionary Measure ◽  
Criminal Penalties ◽  
Precautionary Measures

Admissibility of precautionary measures against juvenile criminals Part IIThis article discusses the admissibility of precautionary measures against juvenile criminals. It refers to both juvenile offenders charged as adults pursuant to Art. 10 § 2 of the Criminal Code and 15–16-year-old offenders charged pursuant to the provisions of the Procedures in Legal Actions against Juveniles Act of 1982. The article presents the legal status concerning this issue in the period from 1997 to 2015 and relevant changes in the legal regulations concerning precautionary measures introduced by the amendment of the Criminal Code of 20th February 2015.A thesis formulated in the paper discussed here is that only one type of precautionary measure, which is confiscation, may be used against juveniles subject to the regulations of the Procedures in Legal Actions against Juveniles Act. In relation to juveniles charged under the Criminal Code only the precautionary measures which do not interfere with the provisions of Article 3 of the Criminal Code providing for the rule of humanitarian use of criminal penalties should be implemented. It refers mainly to these forms of isolation precautionary measures which would apply to juvenile criminals after serving imprisonment.

scholarly journals CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND RUSSIA: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF PUNISHMENTS AND THEIR CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
A. P. Skiba ◽  
A. V. Kovsh ◽  
A. N. Myakhanova
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The types of punishments in the Republic of Korea and the Democratic peoples Republic of Korea have significant specifics in comparison with Russia and differ from each other. Their criminal law regulations are laconic in comparison with the Russian approach. Under the Criminal Code of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, there is a clear emphasis on regulating punishments involving deprivation of liberty and restriction of the rights of a convicted person, and under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Korea, punishments with economic content. The author provides a translation of the provisions of Article 27 of the Criminal Code of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea and Article 41 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Korea regarding the list of types of punishments.

scholarly journals Some features of the criminal law regulation of liability for sexual abuse against children in some European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335
Author(s):  
Vadym Dyadichko
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Official Position ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Republic

There is the search for optimal ways to improve domestic legislation in terms of criminal liability for sexual abuse of children by analyzing the latest changes and additions to the Criminal Code of some European countries. One such way is to criminalize such an act as "cybergrooming". The analysis of the relevant criminal law of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Spain has allowed to conclude that the approach of the legislator of the Republic of Bulgaria to the regulation of criminal liability for "cybergrooming" seems to be worth worth studying its practical application in order to determine the possibility of future borrowing by the domestic legislator. In addition, on the positive side, the Criminal Code of this state has criminal liability for lewd acts or sexual intercourse with a minor engaged in prostitution. The Criminal Code of the Kingdom of Spain deserves attention to the existence of a single rule (Article 183), which includes various manifestations of sexual violence against children. The author has noted that such an approach of the legislator of this state also requires a separate, more in-depth analysis for its possible borrowing by the domestic legislator. In addition, it is worth studying the issue of separate criminalization in the Criminal Code of Ukraine as sexual violence, sexual intercourse with persons aged sixteen to eighteen, committed with the use of influence on the victim in such ways as: fraud or abuse of trust, abuse of official position by an official.

scholarly journals Criminal Responsibility for Juvenile Offenders in Criminal Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh Thi Yen ◽  
Le Cam
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Release From Prison

The article mentions the scientific analysis of the main rules on criminal liability for juveniles in the current Vietnamese criminal law and through it, in terms of continuing to improve some regulations. related violations in the Criminal Code 2015 (due to lack of) proposed a number of specific legislative interpretations of 04 new laws relating to criminal liability for unemployment in the draft of the future Criminal Code after France Fourth classicization. Keywords: Criminal responsibility of juvenile offenders, principles for handling juvenile offenders, penalties for convicted juveniles, handle navigation, release from prison ahead of time, erase criminal records. References: [1] Bộ Luật Hình sự năm 2015, NXB Chính trị Quốc Gia Sự Thật, Hà Nội, 2016, tr.80.[2] Bộ Luật Hình sự năm 2015, sửa đổi bổ sung năm 2017, Nxb Chính trị Quốc Gia Sự Thật, Hà Nội, 2017, tr.75-76.[3] Lê Văn Cảm (biên soạn), Sách chuyên khảo: Nhận thức khoa học Phần chung pháp luật hình sự Việt Nam sau pháp điển hóa lần thứ ba, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, Hà Nội, 2018, tr.281-299.[4] Lê Văn Cảm (chủ biên), Sách chuyên khảo: Pháp luật hình sự Việt Nam từ thế kỷ X đến nay - Lịch sử và thực tại, NXB Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, Hà Nội, 2018, tr.564-600.

scholarly journals CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Fedorov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Legal Entities

The article is dedicated to the general issues of establishment of the criminal liability of legal entities in the Slovak Republic (Slovakia). Similarity of prerequisites for introduction of such liability in the Slovak Republic is noted. Gradual establishment of criminal liability of legal entities in Slovakia is noted, initially it was by means of amendment of the Criminal Code of Slovakia by Law No. 224/2010, which allows for using such “protective measures” as redemption and deprivation of property in relation to legal entities, then it was by means of adoption of Law No. 91/2016 on criminal liability of legal entities. Basic provisions of the Slovak law on criminal liability of legal entities are considered. The attention is paid to the fact that in the Slovak Republic there is a so-called selective criminalization as to the criminal liability of legal entities, when they can be held criminally liable not for all crimes specified in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Slovakia, but only for those of them, which are specified in the special Law No. 91/2016. A list of crimes, for which criminal liability is possible for legal entities, and conditions under which a crime is admitted to be committed by a legal entity, is specified. It is specified, which types of legal entities are foreseen by the Slovak law, and noted that not all of them can be the subjects of criminal liability according to the national laws. The effect of the criminal law is considered in relation to legal entities that have committed crimes in the territory of the Slovak Republic and outside it. The article contains the description of the types of criminal punishments of legal entities, which include: liquidation of the legal entity; deprivation of property; deprivation; penalty; prohibition to carry out activity; prohibition to receive subsidies and grants; prohibition to receive assistance and support from funds of the European Union; prohibition to participate in state procurement; publication of conviction.

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