scholarly journals Alteration of macrohaemodynamics in different modes of retropneumoperitoneum

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Lobanov ◽  
◽  
S.L. Lobanov ◽  
K.G. Shapovalov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Volume Compression ◽  
Group 2

Aim of the study. To study alterations in macrohaemodynamics in diff erent modes of retropneumoperitoneum during retroperitoneal surgery. Material and methods. A total of 58 patients aged 40-60, both male and female, with previous surgeries on renal cysts through retroperitoneal approach were studied aft er distribution between 2 groups. In the fi rst group, the pressure did not exceed 12 mm Hg. The RPP in the second group was observed to be 12-16 mm Hg. During the surgical intervention, analysis of the cardiovascular system values was carried out using the method of volume compression oscillometry. Results. Evaluation of macrohaemodynamics revealed significant deviation of the indices in patients with high RPP (group 2). Elevated true systolic pressure was revealed, as well as cardiac output decrease by 20 %, decrease of the cardiac index by 24 % and decrease of the stroke volume by 11 %. Th e patients treated with application of the highest gas pressure in the retroperitoneal space were revealed to have decrease in the linear velocity of blood fl ow by 17 % and elevation of total systemic vascular resistance (TSVR) by 12 %. Conclusion. Th erefore, the RPP value of 12-16 mm Hg exerts significant influence on the patient’s macrohaemodynamic status

Hemodynamic responses to acute carboxyhemoglobinemia in the rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. H320-H327 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Kanten ◽  
D. G. Penney ◽  
K. Francisco ◽  
J. E. Thill
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stroke Work

The effects of carbon monoxide on the hemodynamics of the adult rat were investigated. A number of parameters were measured using an open-chest, chloralose-urethan anesthetized preparation. Our experiments showed this anesthetic agent to have several advantages over pentobarbital sodium. One group inhaled 150 ppm CO for 0.5-2 h, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) reaching 16%. Heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, dF/dtmax (aortic), and stroke volume rose significantly; mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, and left ventricular systolic pressure fell, whereas stroke work, left ventricular dP/dtmax, and stroke power changed little. These effects were evident at a HbCO saturation as low as 7.5% (0.5 h). A second group inhaled 500 ppm CO for 5-48 h, HbCO reaching 35-38%. The same parameters changed in the same direction as in the first group, with mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance remaining depressed, while heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume remained elevated. Heart rate and arterial systolic pressure were also monitored in conscious rats; rats in one group inhaled 500 ppm CO for 24 h, and rats in a second group were injected with a bubble of pure CO ip. In both cases heart rate was sharply elevated and blood pressure depressed as HbCO saturation increased. Both parameters recovered on CO washout. There was no significant difference between the response to inhaled vs. injected CO.

scholarly journals A Study of Noninvasive Cardiac Output and Other Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Various Neurosurgical Positions

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Hemangi S Karnik ◽  
Aparna A Nerurkar ◽  
Nishant Bawankule
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow ◽  
Noninvasive Cardiac Output ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Intraoperative Management ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary Blood

ABSTRACT Background Neurosurgical patients are operated in supine, prone, lateral, and sitting positions, which cause physiological changes in cardiorespiratory parameters. Noninvasive cardiac output (NICO) monitor developed by Novametrix Medical System Inc is a noninvasive cardiac output monitor, which also measures and displays other parameters like stroke volume, cardiac index, pulmonary capillary blood flow, alveolar and dead space ventilation, peak flow rates, airway pressures, and respiratory volumes. We felt that a study using the NICO monitor in anesthetized patients undergoing neurosurgery in different positions would quantify the cardiopulmonary changes, identify risk factors, and improve intraoperative management. Materials and methods A total of 40 consecutive patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures—20 in prone, 16 in lateral and 4 in sitting position—were studied. The hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters were noted in supine position about 15 minutes after induction of general anesthesia using standard protocol and 15 minutes after giving surgical position using NICO monitor. Conclusion We conclude that under anesthesia, the prone and sitting positions negatively affect derived cardiac parameters like cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume, and lateral position tends to improve these parameters while the respiratory parameters are not significantly affected. How to cite this article Karnik HS, Nerurkar AA, Bawankule N. A Study of Noninvasive Cardiac Output and Other Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Various Neurosurgical Positions. Res Inno Anaesth 2016;1(1):19-24.

scholarly journals CARDIAC FUNCTION DURING MINI-INVASIVE REPAIR OF PECTUS EXCAVATUM WITH THE NUSS PROCEDURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1809-1815
Author(s):  
Ulbolhan A. Fesenko ◽  
Ivan Myhal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Epidural Anaesthesia ◽  
Pectus Excavatum ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Nuss Procedure

The aim of the study was to analyze cardiac function during Nuss procedure under the combination of general anesthesia with different variants of the regional block. Materials and methods: The observative prospective study included 60 adolescents (boys/girls=47/13) undergone Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum correction under the combination of general anaesthesia and regional blocks. The patients were randomized into three groups (n=20 in each) according to the perioperative regional analgesia technique: standart epidural anaesthesia (SEA), high epidural anaesthesia (HEA) and bilateral paravertebral anaesthesia (PVA). The following parameters of cardiac function were analyzed: heart rate, estimated cardiac output (esCCO), cardiac index (esCCI), stroke volume (esSV) and stroke volume index (esSVI) using non-invasive monitoring. Results: Induction of anesthesia and regional blocks led to a significant decrease in esCCO (-9.4%) and esCCI (-9.8%), while esSV and esSVI remained almost unchanged in all groups (H=4.9; p=0.09). At this stage, the decrease in cardiac output was mainly due to decreased heart rate. At the stage of sternal elevation we found an increase in esSV, which was more pronounced in the groups of epidural blocks (+23.1% in HEA and +18.5% in SEA). After awakening from anesthesia and tracheal extubation esSV was by 11% higher than before surgery without ingergroup difference. Conclusions: The Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum correction lead to improved cardiac function. increase in stroke volume and its index were more informative than cardiac output and cardiac index which are dependent on heart rate that is under the influence of anaesthesia technique.

Hemodynamic monitoring for 24 h in unanesthetized rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. H1335-H1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Smith ◽  
T. G. Coleman ◽  
K. A. Stanek ◽  
W. R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance Index

A new technique is described that allows minute-to-minute recordings of cardiac output and arterial pressure in unanesthetized rats for periods of 24 h and longer. Rats were instrumented with electromagnetic flow probes and arterial catheters. An electrical and hydraulic swivel was interposed between the rat and recording apparatus to allow free range of movement. Data were collected and analyzed once each minute by computer. Average 24-h values (mean +/- SD) for the following hemodynamic variables were determined in eight rats [expressed where appropriate as a function of body weight (BW)]: cardiac output (98.1 +/- 14.7 ml/min), cardiac index (29.2 +/- 4.4 ml.min-1.100 g BW-1), mean arterial pressure (92.5 +/- 7.8 mmHg), heart rate (347 +/- 45 beats/min), peak aortic flow (403 +/- 32 ml/min), stroke volume (282 +/- 26 microliters), stroke volume index (84.4 +/- 8.1 microliters/100 g BW), and total peripheral resistance index (3.26 +/- 0.46 mmHg.ml-1.min.100 g BW). These results provide a data base of hemodynamic values for unanesthetized adult, Sprague-Dawley male rats, which has not been previously available. In addition, cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance index demonstrated diurnal variation. Diurnal variation contributed substantially to the overall variance observed within these variables. Hourly variance was also substantial and indicates the use of continuous recordings for short-term experiments.

Blood pressure and hemodynamic responses after exercise in older hypertensives

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Hagberg ◽  
S. J. Montain ◽  
W. H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Single Bout

Recently, systolic and diastolic blood pressure have been reported to be significantly lower for several hours after exercise than when measured at rest before exercise in individuals with essential hypertension. We sought to determine the hemodynamic mechanism underlying this reduction in blood pressure. Twenty-four men and women 60–69 yr of age with persistent essential hypertension completed one of the following protocols: exercise at 50% of maximum O2 consumption (VO2 max) followed by 1 h of recovery, exercise at 70% of VO2 max followed by 3 h of recovery, or a 4-h control study. Systolic pressure was significantly lower during recovery after both intensities of exercise, but diastolic pressure was unchanged. The lower blood pressure was primarily due to a reduction in cardiac output, since total peripheral resistance was increased throughout both recovery periods. Cardiac output was reduced in recovery because of a reduction in stroke volume. Heart rate was above, or no different from, that at rest before exercise. Changes in plasma volume could not entirely account for the reduction in stroke volume. Therefore, other mechanisms altering venous return and/or myocardial contractility appear to be responsible for the reduction in systolic blood pressure evident after a single bout of submaximal exercise in individuals with essential hypertension.

STROKE VOLUME AND RELATED HEMODYNAMIC DATA IN NORMAL CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-918
Author(s):  
Ann Sproul ◽  
Ellen Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Useful Flow

1. Catheterization data on 21 children between the ages of 6 and 16 years with no demonstrable hemodynamic abnormality were analyzed in order to establish normal values for blood flow in children. 2. The findings are: (a) Body surface area is a reliable standard of size for predicting cardiac output, stroke volume, and oxygen pulse. (b) Stroke volume is less variable than cardiac output or oxygen pulse since it is less affected at rest by minor variance from the basal state. (c) Cardiac index of 4.1 1/min/ m2 is valid within the surface area range of 0.7 to 1.2 m2. (d) Stroke index of 42 ml/beat/ m2 is valid within a surface area range of 0.7 to 1.5 m2. 3. Oxygen pulse is proposed as a sensitive index of the variance from basal state and as a useful flow measure for outpatient cardiac function studies. 4. A nomogram is presented for predicting cardiac output, stroke volume, and oxygen pulse from surface area.

Experimental hypothermia and rewarming: changes in mechanical function and metabolism of rat hearts

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tveita ◽  
M. Skandfer ◽  
H. Refsum ◽  
K. Ytrehus
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Mechanical Function ◽  
Control Value

Rewarming from accidental hypothermia is associated with fatal circulatory derangements. To investigate potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved, we examined heart function and metabolism in a rat model rewarmed after 4 h at 15-13 degrees C. Hypothermia resulted in a significant reduction of left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure, cardiac output, and heart rate, whereas stroke volume increased. The maximum rate of LV pressure rise decreased to 191 +/- 28 mmHg/s from a control value of 9,060 +/- 500 mmHg/s. Myocardial tissue content of ATP, ADP, and glycogen was significantly reduced, whereas lactate content remained unchanged. After rewarming, heart rate returned to control value, whereas LV systolic pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume all remained significantly depressed. The posthypothermic maximum rate of LV pressure rise was 5,966 +/- 1.643 mmHg/s. The posthypothermic myocardial lactate content was significantly increased (to 13.3 +/- 3.2 nmol/mg from control value of 5.7 +/- 1.9 nmol/mg), and ATP and glycogen remained significantly lowered. Creatine phosphate or energy charge did not change significantly during the experiment. The finding of deteriorated myocardial mechanical function and a shift in energy metabolism shows that the heart could be an important target during hypothermia and rewarming in vivo, thus contributing to the development of a posthypothermic circulatory collapse.

Responsiveness of Noninvasive Continuous Cardiac Output Monitoring During the Valsalva Maneuver

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
L. J. Delaney ◽  
R. Bellomo ◽  
F. van Haren
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Hemodynamic Monitoring ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Cardiac Output Monitoring ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Output Monitoring

To describe the baseline hemodynamic variables and response time of hemodynamic changes associated with the Valsalva maneuver using noninvasive continuous cardiac output monitoring (Nexfin). Hemodynamic monitoring provides an integral component of advanced clinical care and the ability to monitor response to treatment interventions. The emergence of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring provides clinicians with an opportunity to monitor and assess patients rapidly with ease of implementation. However, the responsiveness of this method in tracking dynamic changes that occur has not been fully elucidated. A prospective observational study was conducted involving 44 healthy volunteers (age = 38 ±12 years). Participants performed a Valsalva maneuvers to illicit dynamic changes in blood pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), and stroke volume. Changes in these hemodynamic parameters were monitored while performing repeated standardized Valsalva maneuvers. Baseline hemodynamic values were obtained in all 44 participants, and showed an interaction with age, accompanying a significant decline in cardiac index ( r = –.66, p < .05) and stroke volume ( r = –.68, p < .05), and an increase in SVRI ( r = .67, p < .05) with increasing age. The Valsalva maneuver, performed in 20 participants, resulted in a change of 10% from baseline blood pressure and cardiac index, which was detected within 4.53 s ( SD = 4.36) and 3.31 s ( SD = 2.21), respectively. Noninvasive continuous cardiac monitoring demonstrated the ability to rapidly detect logical and predictable hemodynamic changes. These observations suggest that such Nexfin technology may have useful clinical applications.

CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF PRONETHALOL IN THE DOG

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Chiong ◽  
P. F. Binnion ◽  
J. D. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Stroke Work ◽  
Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Systolic Pressure

The cardiovascular effects of an intravenous injection of pronethalol (2.5 mg/kg) and the effect of this agent on the cardiovascular changes induced by an infusion of adrenaline (0.2 μg/kg per minute) were investigated in intact anaesthetized dogs. Fifteen minutes after the administration of pronethalol, significant increases were observed in oxygen consumption, right ventricular systolic pressure, and haematocrit, and decreases in arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. Arterial hypotension and a fall in stroke work were the only changes noted at 30 minutes. There was considerable variability in cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate but, on the average, no significant change was observed. Pretreatment with pronethalol abolished or significantly reduced the adrenaline-induced rises in cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume, stroke work, oxygen consumption, right ventricular systolic pressure, and arterial haematocrit, and reversed the changes in diastolic arterial pressure and peripheral resistance. It is concluded that pronethalol is not devoid of sympathomimetic activity and that it effectively blocks the adrenaline responses mediated by β-receptors.

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