scholarly journals Assessment of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetics before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment. A short-term follow-up study

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. e18154
Author(s):  
Wendy Esther Velasco-Corredor ◽  
Gloria Cristina Aranzazu Moya ◽  
Anne Alejandra Hernández Castañeda ◽  
Otero Johanna ◽  
Dagmar de Paula Queluz
Keyword(s):  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Oral Hygiene Instruction ◽  
Root Planning

Aim: To evaluate glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2). Methods: Twenty subjects diagnosed with periodontitis and DM-2 were treated using an NSPT protocol. Periodontal examination and blood measurements were performed at baseline and after three months. Patients with DM-2 treated for at least a year, with at least 10 teeth and with probing depths between 4-6 mm in more than three regions were included. The variables evaluated were HbA1c in blood and periodontal measures (probing depths, insertion level, gingival bleeding on probing, dental plaque, calculus, inflammation, clinical attachment and mobility). All patients were informed of the conditions of the therapy used. Scaling and root planning (SRP) of the full mouth was performed using an ultrasonic scaler and hand instrument under local anesthesia, supragingival prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction. Also, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate was formulated twice a day for two weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using StataIC 14. The values are shown as the mean, median and standard deviation (SD) or interquartile rank (IR), and p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Twenty subjects completed the three-month follow-up and were included in the analysis. Three months after the non-surgical periodontal treatment, most periodontal parameters had a meaningful reduction (p< 0.05) and a large effect size >0.8. Clinical attachment level showed no improvement. The HbA1c values were not significantly decreased (p=0.94). Conclusions: Although non-surgical periodontal therapy eliminates local inflammation, it is insufficient to significantly reduce HbA1c levels in a short time period.

scholarly journals The Effect of Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm Laser in the Treatment of Onychomycosis In Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Kalokasidis ◽  
Meltem Onder ◽  
Myrto-Georgia Trakatelli ◽  
Bertrand Richert ◽  
Klaus Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
532 Nm

In this prospective clinical study, the Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm laser (Light Age, Inc., Somerset, NJ, USA) was used on 131 onychomycosis subjects (94 females, 37 males; ages 18 to 68 years). Mycotic cultures were taken and fungus types were detected. The laser protocol included two sessions with a one-month interval. Treatment duration was approximately 15 minutes per session and patients were observed over a 3-month time period. Laser fluencies of 14 J/cm2were applied at 9 billionths of a second pulse duration and at 5 Hz frequency. Follow-up was performed at 3 months with mycological cultures. Before and after digital photographs were taken. Adverse effects were recorded and all participants completed “self-evaluation questionnaires” rating their level of satisfaction. All subjects were well satisfied with the treatments, there were no noticeable side effects, and no significant differences were found treating men versus women. At the 3-month follow-up 95.42% of the patients were laboratory mycologically cured of fungal infection. This clinical study demonstrates that fungal nail infections can be effectively and safely treated with Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm laser. It can also be combined with systemic oral antifungals providing more limited treatment time.

scholarly journals Cessation from Smoking Improves Innate Host Defense and Clearance of Experimentally Inoculated NasalStaphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Cole ◽  
Mary Schmidt-Owens ◽  
Ashley C. Beavis ◽  
Christine F. Chong ◽  
Patrick M. Tarwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enhanced Expression

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusnasal carriage is transient in most humans and usually benign, but dissemination ofS. aureusto extranasal sites causes the majority of clinical infections, andS. aureusis a major cause of serious infections in the United States. A better understanding of innate nasal decolonization mechanisms is urgently needed, as are relevant models for studyingS. aureusclearance. Here, we screened a population of healthy smokers for nasalS. aureuscarriage and compared the participants' abilities to clear experimentally applied nasalS. aureusbefore and after completion of a smoking cessation program. We determined that cigarette smoking increases the mean nasalS. aureusload (2.6 × 104CFU/swab) compared to the load observed in healthy nonsmokers (1.7 × 103CFU/swab) and might increase the rate ofS. aureusnasal carriage in otherwise-healthy adults: 22 of 99 smokers carriedS. aureusat the screening visit, while only 4 of 30 nonsmokers screened positive during the same time period. Only 6 of 19 experimental inoculation studies in active smokers resulted inS. aureusclearance within the month of follow-up, while in the cessation group, 6 of 9 subjects cleared nasalS. aureusand carriage duration averaged 21 ± 4 days. Smoking cessation associated with enhanced expression ofS. aureus-associated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in nasal fluids. Participants who failed to clearS. aureusexhibited a higher nasalS. aureusload and elevated nasal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) expression at the preexperiment study visits. We conclude that smokers exhibit higherS. aureusloads than nonsmokers and that innate immune pathways, including G-CSF expression and signaling through the IL-1 axis, are important mediators of nasalS. aureusclearance.

scholarly journals A Data Driven Change-point Epidemic Model for Assessing the Impact of Large Gathering and Subsequent Movement Control Order on COVID-19 Spread in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarat C. Dass ◽  
Wai M. Kwok ◽  
Gavin J. Gibson ◽  
Balvinder S. Gill ◽  
Bala M. Sundram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractThe second wave of COVID-19 in Malaysia is largely attributed to a mass gathering held in Sri Petaling between February 27, 2020 and March 1, 2020, which contributed to an exponential rise of COVID-19 cases in the country. Starting March 18, 2020, the Malaysian government introduced four consecutive phases of a Movement Control Order (MCO) to stem the spread of COVID-19. The MCO was implemented through various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The reported number of cases reached its peak by the first week of April and then started to reduce, hence proving the effectiveness of the MCO. To gain a quantitative understanding of the effect of MCO on the dynamics of COVID-19, this paper develops a class of mathematical models to capture the disease spread before and after MCO implementation in Malaysia. A heterogeneous variant of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) model is developed with additional compartments for asymptomatic transmission. Further, a change-point is incorporated to model the before and after disease dynamics, and is inferred based on data. Related statistical analyses for inference are developed in a Bayesian framework and are able to provide quantitative assessments of (1) the impact of the Sri Petaling gathering, and (2) the extent of decreasing transmission during the MCO period. The analysis here also quantitatively demonstrates how quickly transmission rates fall under effective NPI implemention within a short time period.

A community-based follow-up study on diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao-Hsin Tung ◽  
Shih-Jen Chen ◽  
Jorn-Hon Liu ◽  
Fenq-Lih Lee ◽  
An-Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

scholarly journals Meningkatkan motivasi dan efikasi diri penderita diabetes tipe 2 dalam pencegahan kaki diabetik menggunakan dukungan kelompok

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Dwi Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
Group Support ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Before And After

Improving motivation and self-efication of type 2 diabetics in prevention of diabetic foot ulcers and infections using group supportBackground: Management of DM (Diabetics) patients according to expectations requires a variety of support, one of them is group support such as the Persadia Club as an organization that helps people with diabetes to manage disease conditions become more controlled. Through group support, motivation and self-efficacy which are important factors in diabetes care behavior will increase. Thus the main action in the prevention of diabetic foot in the form of routine foot care will be carried out by the person with diabetes optimally.Purpose: To determine the effect of group support on motivation and self-efficacy of type 2 diabetics in prevention of diabetic foot ulcers and infectionsMethods: The study design was a quasi-experimental one pre group test one group method to see if there were differences in motivation and self-efficacy in diabetic foot care before and after group support. The study was conducted in May to August 2019 at the Surakarta City Persada Club as a population and a sample of 135 respondentResults: Research shows that there are differences in the self-efficacy of people with diabetes before and after getting group support with p value = 0,000. Thus the hypothesis that the influence of group support on self-efficacy is accepted. Furthermore, the results obtained that there are differences in motivation to take preventive measures for diabetes feet between before and after group support is given with a p value = 0,000. This means that the hypothesis that there is an influence of group support on motivation for diabetic foot prevention.Conclusion: As a suggestion, it is expected that people with diabetes through the Persadia club will always be supported so that their motivation and efficacy is high so that the diabetic foot care measures will be optimally carried out. Keywords: Motivation; Self-Efication; Type 2 Diabetics; Prevention; Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Infections; Group SupportPendahuluan: Pengelolaan pasien DM (Diabetisi) yang sesuai harapan memerlukan berbagai dukungan salah satu diantaranya yaitu dukungan kelompok seperti Club persadia sebagai organisasi yang membantu para diabetisi untuk mengelola kondisi penyakit  menjadi lebih terkontrol. Melalui dukungan kelompok  maka motivasi dan efikasi diri yang merupakan faktor penting dalam perilaku perawatan diabetes akan meningkat. Dengan demikian tindakan utama dalam  pencegahan kaki diabetik berupa tindakan perawatan kaki secara rutin akan dilakukan para diabetisi dengan optimal.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh dukungan kelompok terhadap motivasi dan efikasi diri  penderita diabetes tipe 2 dalam pencegahan kaki diabetikMetode : Rancangan penelitian berupa kuasi eksperimen dengan metode pre post test one group untuk melihat apakah terdapat perbedaan  motivasi dan  efikasi diri dalam tindakan perawatan kaki diabetik sebelum dan sesudah mendapat dukungan kelompok.  Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2019 pada Club Persadia Kota Surakarta  sebagai populasi dan diambil sampel sebanyak 135 respondenHasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan efikasi diri para diabetisi sebelum dan sesudah mendapt dukungan kelompok dengan p value = 0,000,  Dengan demikian hipotesis terdapat pengaruh dukungan kelompok terhadap efikasi diri diterima. Selanjutnya diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat perbedaan motivasi melakukan tindakan perawatan pencegahan kaki diabetes antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan dukungan kelompok dengan nilai p value= 0,000.  Hal ini berarti hipotesis terdapat pengaruh dukungan kelompok terhadap motivasi tindakan perawatan pencegahan kaki diabetis.Simpulan: Sebagai saran diharapkan para diabetisi melalui club Persadia selalu diberi dukungan agar motivasi dan efikasi dirinya tinggi sehingga tindakan perawatan kaki diabetik akan optimal dilakukan

scholarly journals Optimization of Medication Regimens in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Clinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Jarred Prudencio ◽  
Paige Cajudoy ◽  
Donald Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Medication Usage ◽  
Pharmacist Interventions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

The American Diabetes Association recommends that patients with type II diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease be prescribed an SGLT-2 inhibitor or GLP-1 agonist for cardioprotective benefit. This project assessed the use of these medications in this patient population in a rural clinic by measuring prescribing rates of SGLT-2/GLP-1 therapy before and after pharmacist interventions. Of the 60 patients identified at baseline, 39.39% (13/33) managed by a pharmacist were prescribed SGLT-2/GLP-1 therapy compared to the 14.81% (4/27) who had not seen a pharmacist (p = 0.025). Of the 43 patients that were not on SGLT-2/GLP-1 therapy at baseline, 13 were lost to follow-up and 13 had contraindications. For the 17 remaining patients, pharmacists recommended initiating SGLT-2/GLP-1 therapy and were able to successfully initiate therapy for 9 patients (52.94%). Pharmacist interventions improved the prescription rates from a baseline of 36.17% (17/47) to 55.3% (26/47) (p = 0.002), with SGLT-2/GLP-1 therapy contraindicated in 27.66% (13/47) of patients. This suggests that patients managed by a pharmacist have medication regimens that were optimized at a greater rate and pharmacists can have a positive impact on the appropriate medication usage in this population.

scholarly journals Changes in Urban Heat Island Effect with the Development of Newtowns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungil Lee ◽  
Yoonji Kim ◽  
Hyun Chan Sung ◽  
Seung Hee Kim ◽  
Seong Woo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Newtown is a planned city built over a short time period. It is suitable for climate and thermal research, particularly formulating urban planning strategies to analyse problems such as urban heat islands (UHIs). Herein, a comprehensive approach was demonstrated for determining changes in UHI distribution during 1989–2048 in two Newtowns with different urban planning. A significant increase in built-up areas was observed from 1989 (< 5%) to 2018 (> 40%) in both Newtowns. However, this increase significantly varied (approximately 12.25%) with urban planning in the areas where UHIs occurred before and after development. Moreover, without effective mitigation, the built-up area in each Newtown is estimated to increase to approximately 60%, and the surface UHI intensity in most areas to increase by 4 °C in 2048. Thus, these results combined with architectural assessment models can improve the understanding of thermal environmental impacts of urbanisation and help mitigate heat island hazards.

scholarly journals Validation of a Virtual Assistant for Improving Medication Adherence in Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Depressive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12056
Author(s):  
Surya Roca ◽  
María Luisa Lozano ◽  
José García ◽  
Álvaro Alesanco
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Medication Possession Ratio ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patient Health

Virtual assistants are programs that interact with users through text or voice messages simulating a human-based conversation. The development of healthcare virtual assistants that use messaging platforms is rapidly increasing. Still, there is a lack of validation of these assistants. In particular, this work aimed to validate the effectiveness of a healthcare virtual assistant, integrated within messaging platforms, with the aim of improving medication adherence in patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus and depressive disorder. For this purpose, a nine-month pilot study was designed and subsequently conducted. The virtual assistant reminds patients about their medication and provides healthcare professionals with the ability to monitor their patients. We analyzed the medication possession ratio (MPR), measured the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and obtained the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) score in the patients before and after the study. We also conducted interviews with all participants. A total of thirteen patients and five nurses used and evaluated the proposed virtual assistant using the messaging platform Signal. Results showed that on average, the medication adherence improved. In the final interview, 69% of the patients agreed with the idea of continuing to use the virtual assistant after the study.

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