The Presence of Pyrrolo Quinoline Quinone (PQQ) in Eukaryotic Tissue Extracts

SummaryProtease-like activity which split plasminogen-free fibrin was demonstrated in 2 M KSCN extracts of the lung and spleen of conventional rats. The activity was virtually undetectable in tissue extracts from germ-free rats. The extracts from the conventional rat tissues split fibrin and fibrinogen remarkably at neutral pH, but not casein, when examined using fibrin, fibrinogen-agar and casein-agar plates. The fibrinolytic activity was inhibited by STI and DFP, indicating a serine protease nature. The activity was not inhibited by TLCK, t-AMCHA or dansyl-L-arginine-methylpiperidine amide (a selective synthetic thrombin inhibitor, OM189). It was neither activated nor inhibited by cysteine, KCN or iodoacetic acid. The results obtained indicate that the protease-like activity of the lung and spleen extracted with 2 M KSCN from conventional rats has properties which differ from those of trypsin, plasmin, plasminogen-activator, thrombin, and cathepsin A, B and C.

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In Vitro Immunodetection of Prothymosin Alpha in Normal and Pathological Conditions

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190807145212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (29) ◽

pp. 4840-4854 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou ◽

Hubert Kalbacher ◽

Wolfgang Voelter ◽

Ourania E. Tsitsilonis ◽

Evangelia Livaniou

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Prothymosin Alpha ◽

Disease States ◽

Leading Role ◽

Tissue Extracts ◽

Biologic Response ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Almost All

Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) is a highly acidic polypeptide, ubiquitously expressed in almost all mammalian cells and tissues and consisting of 109 amino acids in humans. ProTα is known to act both, intracellularly, as an anti-apoptotic and proliferation mediator, and extracellularly, as a biologic response modifier mediating immune responses similar to molecules termed as “alarmins”. Antibodies and immunochemical techniques for ProTα have played a leading role in the investigation of the biological role of ProTα, several aspects of which still remain unknown and contributed to unraveling the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the polypeptide. This review deals with the so far reported antibodies along with the related immunodetection methodology for ProTα (immunoassays as well as immunohistochemical, immunocytological, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation techniques) and its application to biological samples of interest (tissue extracts and sections, cells, cell lysates and cell culture supernatants, body fluids), in health and disease states. In this context, literature information is critically discussed, and some concluding remarks are presented.

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CATALASE INHIBITION BY NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC TISSUE EXTRACTS

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70776-x ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 227 (2) ◽

pp. 975-985

Author(s):

Nicholas M. Alexander

Keyword(s):

Neoplastic Tissue ◽

Tissue Extracts ◽

Catalase Inhibition

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GLUCOSE PHOSPHORYLATION AND OXIDATION IN CELL-FREE TISSUE EXTRACTS

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)73005-6 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

pp. 343-356

Author(s):

Sidney P. Colowick ◽

Herman M. Kalckar ◽

Carl F. Cori

Keyword(s):

Tissue Extracts ◽

Glucose Phosphorylation

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The Thromboplastic Effects of Tissue Extracts and Their Inhibition by Immune Sera

Physiological Zoology ◽

10.1086/physzool.19.2.30151890 ◽

1946 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 148-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Harold R. Wolfe ◽

Mary Jane Bradford ◽

Chester A. Herrick

Keyword(s):

Tissue Extracts

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Brain energy metabolism in intracerebroventricularly administered streptozotocin mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease: A 1H-[13C]-NMR study

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x21996176 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0271678X2199617

Author(s):

Narayan D Soni ◽

Akila Ramesh ◽

Dipak Roy ◽

Anant B Patel

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Glucose Oxidation ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Nmr Spectrum ◽

Tissue Extracts ◽

Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Nmr Study ◽

Synaptic Neurotransmission ◽

C Nmr

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder. Although a majority of the AD cases are sporadic, most of the studies are conducted using transgenic models. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administered streptozotocin (STZ) animals have been used to explore mechanisms in sporadic AD. In this study, we have investigated memory and neurometabolism of ICV-STZ-administered C57BL6/J mice. The neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity was measured in 1H-[13C]-NMR spectrum of cortical and hippocampal tissue extracts of mice infused with [1,6-13C2]glucose and [2-13C]acetate, respectively. STZ-administered mice exhibited reduced (p = 0.00002) recognition index for memory. The levels of creatine, GABA, glutamate and NAA were reduced (p ≤ 0.04), while that of myo-inositol was increased (p < 0.05) in STZ-treated mice. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.014) reduction in aspartate-C3, glutamate-C4/C3, GABA-C2 and glutamine-C4 labeling from [1,6-13C2]glucose. This resulted in decreased rate of glucose oxidation in the cerebral cortex (0.64 ± 0.05 vs. 0.77 ± 0.05 µmol/g/min, p = 0.0008) and hippocampus (0.60 ± 0.04 vs. 0.73 ± 0.07 µmol/g/min, p = 0.001) of STZ-treated mice, due to similar reductions of glucose oxidation in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Additionally, reduced glutamine-C4 labeling points towards compromised synaptic neurotransmission in STZ-treated mice. These data suggest that the ICV-STZ model exhibits neurometabolic deficits typically observed in AD, and its utility in understanding the mechanism of sporadic AD.

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