Critical review of supercritical fluid extraction of selected spice plant materials

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is one of the relatively new efficient separation method for the extraction of essential oils from different plant materials. The new products, extracts, can be used as a good base for the production of pharmaceutical drugs and additives in the perfume, cosmetic, and food industries. The aim of this work was to analyze the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2) of oils from the selected spice plant materials. In this paper the process parameters such as pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate, size of grinding materials, and ratio of the co-solvent were presented for the selected spice plant materials: black pepper, caraway, celery, cinnamon, clove, coriander, daphne, fennel, ginger, hyssop, juniper, lavender, oregano, pennyroyal, red pepper, safflower, sage, turmeric, and vanilla. The values of operating conditions were: pressure from 7.5 to 68 MPa, temperature from 293 to 363 K, solvent flow rate from 0.003 to 30.0 kg/h, and diameter of grinding material from 0.17 to 3.90 mm. The global yield and quality of the extracts all of the plant material investigated, as well as the possibility of their application in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries were analyzed. The composition of the extracts was wery complex, and in every case the extract was composed of more than 200 components. All the compounds from the CO2 extracts were classified in the following groups: monoterpene, sesquiterpene, oxygenated monoterpene, and oxygenated sesquiterpene and other hydrocarbon groups. In some of the systems investigated the different mathematical models (Sovová, Hong), which have taken from the literature, were used to correlate the experimental data.

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Extraction of Kaempferitrin and Astragalin from Justicia Spicigera by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Its Comparison with Conventional Extraction

Journal of Food Engineering and Technology ◽

10.32732/jfet.2021.10.2.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 35-44

Author(s):

Sandro Cid-Ortega ◽

José Alberto Monroy-Rivera ◽

Óscar González-Ríos

Keyword(s):

Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Fluid Extraction ◽

Dry Powder ◽

Solvent Flow Rate ◽

Conventional Extraction ◽

Solvent Flow

A study of supercritical fluid CO2 extraction of kaempferitrin (KM) and astragalin (KG) from Justicia spicigera (muicle) was conducted. A 33 Box-Behnken design was used to analyze the effects of pressure (200-300 bar), temperature (40-60° C), and co-solvent flow rate (0.5-1.0 mL/min). The highest KM and KG concentration were achieved at a pressure of 300 bar, a temperature of 60° C, and co-solvent flow rate of 1.0 mL/min (ethanol 99.5 %), with a constant CO2 flow rate of 5 mL/min and extraction time of 180 min. Under these conditions, the experimental values for KM and KG (115.08±2.81 and 56.63±9.02 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively) were similar to those calculated by the models (109.0 and 44.07 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively). The use of 70 % ethanol as co-solvent in the supercritical extraction process considerably improved the yields of KM and KG (562.71±156.85 and 79.90±18.03 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively) compared to the 99.5 % ethanol extractions. The conventional extraction showed the highest yields of KM and KG (574.20±65.10 and 113.10±15.06 mg/100 g of dry powder, respectively) at 70° C and extraction time of 120 min. Adequate yields were achieved of KM and KG by supercritical fluid extraction compared with conventional extraction (98 and 70 %, respectively); therefore supercritical fluid extract of J. spicigera could be used in the development of functional foods, as well as its possible use in traditional medicine by the health professionals.

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Parametric Evaluation for Extraction of Catechin from Areca Catechu Linn Seeds using Supercritical CO2 Extraction

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v74.4704 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Syafiq Hazwan Ruslan ◽

Mohd Azizi Che Yunus ◽

Zuhaili Idham ◽

Noor Azian Morad ◽

Asmadi Ali

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Average Particle ◽

Tropical Country ◽

Solvent Flow Rate ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Solvent Flow

Supercritical fluid extraction is an advanced extraction technique which has been proven its efficiency and selectivity in numerous studies. Dense gas with diffusivity nearing liquid and viscosity closed to gas phase, supercritical fluid can provide better performance in the extraction of natural and heat sensitive active compounds. Areca Catechu Linn or commonly known as betel nut can be easily found in tropical country especially in south-east and south of Asia with India as its world largest producer. Phenolic compound present in Areca Catechu Linn are condensed tannins and also catechin. Catechin is a highly active compound with several properties such as anti-depressant, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-flammatory and anti-aging which are in demand by cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study is to determine the best particle size, solvent flow rate, presence of modifier or co-solvent, and time of extraction for this pre-treatment study. Average particle size of 0.1774 mm (dp4) was detected as the best particle size for the extraction process with 3 mL/min solvent flow rate with 5% methanol added to solvent. Modifier presence enhances the extraction by improving the ability to extract more polar compound such as catechin. The best catechin recovery was observed at 3mL/min, solvent composition of 95:5 (SC-CO2:MeOH) at the temperature of 70ᵒC and pressure of 30 MPa with 47.38 μg catechin/g extracts.

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Effect of flow rate, particle size and modifier ratio on the supercritical fluid extraction of anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa (L).

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/932/1/012031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 932 ◽

pp. 012031

Author(s):

Zuhaili Idham ◽

Ahmad Syahmi Zaini ◽

Nicky Rahmana Putra ◽

Nurfarhain Mohamed Rusli ◽

Noor Sabariah Mahat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Fluid Extraction

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Preparation of supercritical fluid extraction using dry ice and exploration of equation of state to predict the operating conditions

10.1063/1.5042868 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Endang Kwartiningsih ◽

Wahyudi Budi Sediawan ◽

Muslikhin Hidayat ◽

Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah

Keyword(s):

Equation Of State ◽

Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Fluid Extraction ◽

Dry Ice

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NILAI TAMBAH MINYAK AKAR WANGI DENGAN PEMEKATAN KADAR VETIVEROL MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI CO2 FLUIDA SUPERKRITIK

Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia ◽

10.14203/jkti.v16i2.11 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 76-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anny Sulaswatty ◽

Egi Agustian

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Refractive Index ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Optical Rotation ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Fluid Extraction ◽

Great Opportunity

Potensi Indonesia akan minyak akar wangi yang berorientasi ekspor dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, sabun, keperluan terapi, antiseptik, massage oil, farmasi dan pestisida memberikan peluang yang besar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dunia. Guna nilai tambah minyak akar wangi dengan meningkatkan kadar vetiverol sebagai komponen utama, diaplikasikan teknologi ekstraksi fluida karbondioksida superkritik yang merupakan perpaduan ekstraksi, fraksinasi dan deodorisasi dengan didukung keunggulan karbondioksida sebagai pelarut yang inert, ramah lingkungan, mudah dipisahkan, dan berdaya larut tinggi. Minyak akar wangi Garut (Java vetiver oil) sebagai bahan baku, mempunyai karakteristik kadar vetiverol 39.03 %; Bobot jenis 0.9977; indeks bias 1.5247; putaran optik +38.1; kelarutan dalam alkohol 95% yaitu 1:1 jernih; bilangan asam 28.1; bilangan ester 24.6; bilangan ester setelah asetilasi 115.5; serta tidak mengandung minyak lemak dan minyak keruing. Pemilihan kondisi proses guna menghasilkan kandungan vetiverol optimal dilakukan dengan memvariasikan laju alir gas CO2, tekanan dan suhu sebagai parameter penting dalam keberhasilan proses ekstraksi minyak akar wangi dengan fluida CO2 superkritik. Pemilihan laju alir konstan dan lebih stabil diperoleh pada 5.5 liter/menit, sedangkan untuk variasi tekanan ekstraktor (1500, 1750, 2000 psi) dan suhu ekstraktor (40-50oC); tekanan dan suhu separator 500 psi dan 25oC serta waktu proses selama lima jam dengan pengambilan ekstrak setiap jam. Tekanan dan suhu proses yang optimal diperoleh pada 1750 psi dan suhu 40oC dengan rafinat minyak akar wangi berkadar vetiverol 51.82 %, bilangan ester 7.2 dan bilangan ester setelah asetilasi 172.4. Tingginya tekanan dan rendahnya suhu berpengaruh terhadap perolehan ekstrak; penurunan rafinat; peningkatan nilai bobot jenis ekstrak dan rafinat; indeks bias ekstrak dan rafinat; putaran optik ekstrak dan rafinat; peningkatan viskositas ekstrak dan rafinat; peningkatan bilangan ester ekstrak, bilangan ester setelah asetilasi ekstrak, serta kandungan vetiverol.Kata Kunci: Minyak Akar Wangi, Vetiverol, Ekstraksi Fluida Superkritik Potential Indonesian vetiver oil export oriented industry of cosmetics, perfumes, soaps, therapeutic purposes, antiseptic, massage oil, pharmaceutical and pesticide presents a great opportunity to meet the needs of the world. In order to add value vetiver oil by increasing the levels vetiverol as the main component, was applied to carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction technology which is a combination of extraction, fractionation and deodorization with excellence supported carbon dioxide as an inert solvent, eco-friendly, easily separated, and the high solubility. Garut vetiver oil (Java vetiver oil) as raw material, has the characteristics vetiverol levels 39.03%, specific gravity of 0.9977; refractive index of 1.5247; optical rotation +38.1; solubility in alcohol 95% is a clear 1:1; acid number 28.1; ester number 24.6; ester number after acetylation 115.5; as well as fats and oils contain no oil keruing. The selection process conditions in order to produce optimal vetiverol content performed by varying the flow rate of CO2 gas, pressure and temperature as an important parameter in the success of vetiver oil extraction with supercritical CO2 fluid. The selection of a constant flow rate and more stable obtained at 5.5 liters / min, whereas for pressure variation extractor (1500-2000 psi) and extractor temperature (40-50oC); separator pressure and temperature of 500 psi and 25 °C as well as the processing time for five hours by taking extracts every hour. Pressure and temperature optimum process obtained at 1750 psi and a temperature of 40oC with rafinat vetiverol vetiver oil yield of 51.82%, ester number 7.2, and ester number after acetylation 172.4. The high pressure and low temperature affect the acquisition of the extract; rafinat decline; increase in the value of specific gravity and rafinat extracts; refractive index and rafinat extract; optical rotation and rafinat extract; increase in the viscosity of the extract and rafinat; increase in numbers ester extract, ester number after acetylation extracts, as well as the content vetiverol. Key word: Vetiver Oil, Vetiverol, Supercritical Fluid Extraction.

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