scholarly journals Behavior of transport and separation of lanthanum, yttrium and lutetium metal ions through celluose fiber supported solid membrane

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abaji G Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Aliquat 336 ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Source Phase

A novel idea explored was to study the behavior of transport and separation of lanthanum, yttrium and lutetium metal ions by using cellulose fiber supported solid membrane. The cellulose fiber membrane was prepared by chemical modification of cellulose fiber by esterification reaction with citric acid. Different experimental variables such as time variation, membrane length, stirrings of source and receiving phase, pH of source phase, different stripping agents  such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium nitrate, ammonium thoicyanate, D2EHPA, TBP, Aliquat-336, tartaric acid, EDTA, organic solvents, etc in receiving phase were explored. Pre-concentration of lanthanum, yttrium and lutetium metal ions from dilute solution was carried out.

scholarly journals Regeneration and Reuse of Biomaterial for the Removal of Cadmium Ions from Waste Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagjit Kour
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Effective Result

 The nitrogen functionalized biomaterial is used for the adsorption of Cd (II) from waste water. The application and possibility of regeneration and reuse of functionalized biomaterial were evaluated with adsorption desorption experiments. Cd (II) loaded biomaterial was eluted with sodium hydroxide, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid. Among them 0.1 M nitric acid gave the most effective result releasing about 90% of metal ions onto the solution in six successive cycles. The result suggests the efficiency and applicability of functionalized biomaterial as a potential biosorbent in the removal of Cd (II) from waste water.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVol. 21, No. 1, 2016, Page: 90-94

Determination of Sulfur in Rubber by the Perchloric Acid Method

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Wolesensky
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Steam Bath ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Sodium Peroxide ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Abstract In a search for a rapid and accurate method for determining sulfur in rubber it was found that oxidation of the sample by means of sodium peroxide in the Parr bomb is unsatisfactory when the sulfur content of the rubber is low because the samples that can be used for this purpose are too small for accurate results, or, if larger samples are used, the oxidation is incomplete. The use of a mixture of nitric and perchloric acids, as described by Kahane, is also unsatisfactory; but with certain modifications the method may be made to yield very good results, and if fusions are unnecessary, it will save time and labor. The chief modifications recommended are the use of a more dilute solution of nitric acid (equal volumes of the concentrated acid and water), allowing the rubber to dissolve completely on the steam bath before heating more strongly, then heating to gentle boiling until oxidation is complete, and finally destroying the residual nitric acid by means of hydrochloric acid. The use of a larger flask (500 to 800 cc.) is also recommended, and suggestions are also made for the adaptation of this method to the analysis of those rubber compounds which contain barium, lead, etc.

Extraction of iron, cobalt, nickel and copper with dibenzyl sulfoxide solution in toluene

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vláčil ◽  
Huynh Dang Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Factor Α

The dependence of the distribution ratio of the metal on the concentration of hydrochloric of nitric acid was examined for Fe, Co, Ni and Cu extraction with 0.05M solution of dibenzylsulfoxide in toluene. Iron is extracted considerably more than the other metals, and is better extracted from hydrochloric acid than from nitric acid. The separation factor αFe/M (for 8M-HCl) is of the order of 104; this is not sufficient for a separation of trace quantities of iron from Co, Ni and Cu, but even at lower concentrations of HCl (e.g., 5M) the values is high enough for extraction chromatographic separation. The composition of the iron solvate extracted from HCl or LiCl medium was determined to be HFeCl4.2 B (B = dibenzyl sulfoxide).

DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF SILVER IN GALENA ORES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1488-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bounsall ◽  
W. A. E. McBryde
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Silver Content ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

An analytical method is described for the determination of microgram amounts of silver in galena ores, based on the "reversion" of silver dithizonate. Silver is separated from relatively large amounts of lead by extraction as dithizonate into chloroform from an aqueous 1:99 nitric acid solution. Separation from mercury, which is also extracted under these conditions and would, if present, interfere in the analysis, is achieved by reverting the dithizonate solution with a 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution which is also 0.015 molar in hydrochloric acid. Following dilution of this aqueous solution and adjustment of pH, silver is again extracted into chloroform as the dithizonate, and determined absorptiometrically. Analyses of a number of galena ore samples showed a precision of within 3% for a silver content ranging from 0.03 to 0.4%.Some other methods for isolating silver from these samples, which were tried but found unsatisfactory, are discussed.

Study on desorption of Mn, Fe, and Mg from TMP and evaluation of the complexing strength of different chelating agents using side reaction coefficients 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Granholm ◽  
Pingping Su ◽  
Leo Harju ◽  
Ari Ivaska
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Reducing Environment ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract Chelation of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) was studied in this work. The desorption of Mn, Fe, and Mg due to their impact on peroxide bleaching was investigated. The desorption experiments were performed with EDTA, citric acid, oxalic acid, and formic acid as chelating agents at different pH. Chelation experiments with EDTA were carried out at pH 3–11. Sodium dithionite was used as the reducing agent in studying chelation with EDTA in a reducing environment. Mn was very effectively desorbed with EDTA from TMP at pH <10 and the reducing environment further improved the removal of all the studied metal ions from TMP with EDTA. Citric acid also removed Mn effectively from TMP at pH 5. The thermodynamic stability constants of different metal chelates do not present the correct picture of how strongly the metal ions are bound by the chelating agents in different conditions. But by means of the side reaction coefficients (α M(L)-coefficients) it is also theoretically possible to evaluate and compare the real binding strengths between the metal ions and different chelating agents at varying pH values and other solution conditions. In this study, a theory is given for the calculation of side reaction coefficients. Values of the α M(L)-coefficients, for the pH range 0–14, are presented for EDTA, DTPA, and also for some other new potential environmentally friendly chelating agents.

Two-step demineralization of shrimp (Pandalus Borealis) shells using citric acid: An environmentally friendly, safe and cost-effective alternative to the traditional approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pohling ◽  
Deepika Dave ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Wade Murphy ◽  
Sheila Trenholm
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Health And Safety ◽  
Pandalus Borealis ◽  
Chitin Extraction ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Removal of minerals from crustacean shells during chitin extraction is traditionally achieved using hydrochloric acid. However, the environmental, health and safety concerns of hydrochloric acid have led to investigation of...

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