scholarly journals Japanese Public Diplomacy in Indonesia: The Role of Japanese Agencies in Academic Exchange Programs between Japan and Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
A. Safril Mubah
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Transgovernmental Networks ◽  
Student Exchanges

Japan and Indonesia have developed mutual cooperation in academic exchange programs for the past three decades. Japan acknowledges that student interchange plays a significant role in promoting mutual understanding between Japan and foreign countries. Japanese government expects international students, either those who are still studying in Japan or those who have returned to their home countries, serve as a bridge between their countries and Japan. To achieve this goal, Japanese government employs some agencies to undertake academic exchange programs. In Indonesia, particularly, some Japanese agencies such as Japan Student Services Organization (JASSO), Japan Foundation, and Japan International Cooperation Center (JICE) have played important role in student exchanges. They have various programs to attract Indonesian students getting involved in academic exchanges. This paper describes these agencies’ role in academic exchange programs between Japan and Indonesia. Considering that the Japanese agencies work to promote Japan’s soft power through public diplomacy activities under transgovernmental networks model, I utilize concepts of public diplomacy and transgovernmental networks as a framework for analyzing the case. I argue that Japanese agencies have successfully served as Japanese public diplomacy agents by acting great role in advancing Japan’s soft power through academic exchange activities. However, some challenges appear in the way to achieve Japanese public diplomacy goal to create mutual understanding between Japanese and Indonesian people.

scholarly journals For Goodwill, Aid and Economic Growth: The Funding of Academic Exchange Through the Swedish Institute, 1945–2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Åkerlund
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Parallel Programs ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Different Parts

The article investigates the financial basis of state-sponsored international academic exchange through the Swedish Institute (SI). Founded in 1945 the SI is the main institution for Swedish public diplomacy and is as such part of modern foreign policy and Swedish soft power. This article maps the changing sources of funding as well as the sums spent on academic exchange from 1945–2010. It also discusses the various forms of exchange programs and gives an overview of the ideas behind and arguments for such programs. The overall picture is that state-sponsored exchange after 1945 has expanded. Not only has more and more money been spent on exchange, which led to an increase in the number of persons benefitted, but there has also been a diversification in exchange schemes towards parallel programs, each designed to fulfill a certain task. Though they fund different parts of the SI exchange scheme, the main sources of funding, however, have remained the same: the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, various development assistance agencies and programs as well as the Ministry for Education.

Brazil’s “Ciencia sêm Fronteiras” Program and Soft Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 496-520
Author(s):  
Thomas Froehlich
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
International Engagement

Ciencia sêm Fronteiras was one of the largest academic exchange programs in the early 2010s that enabled almost 100.000 Brazilian researchers to undertake their research or entire degrees abroad. As one major element of Dilma Rousseff’s international engagement, the program was often named in the context of Brazil’s soft power. But very little research has been done on how Ciencia sêm Fronteiras contributed to Brazil’s soft power reservoir. This article examines the program from an institutional perspective and analyzes why the program has come short in living up to its soft power potential.

scholarly journals The Importance of Cultural Diplomacy in Breaking the Perception of “China Threat”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemre Pekcan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Confucius Institutes ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
China Threat ◽  
Threat Theory

Cultural diplomacy, which is accepted as a sub-branch of public diplomacy, is described as ‘the exchange of ideas, information, art, and other aspects of culture among nations and their peoples in order to foster mutual understanding’ by Milton C. Cummings. Although this term has been used in international relations for centuries, its acceptance as a theory is a relatively new concept. Cultural diplomacy, as a component of both public diplomacy and also Joseph Nye’s ‘soft power’, includes movies, music, dance, exhibitions, various education and exchange programs, literature and cultural programs. In today’s world, China, a super power with its growing economy, started to feature its soft power, public and cultural diplomacy to break the perception of ‘China threat’ theory which shortly claims that the rising power would eventually challenge the hegemon power and war will be inevitable. The aim of this study is to put forward Chinese efforts in promoting cultural diplomacy to break the perception of ‘China threat’ theory by analyzing the elements of China’s cultural diplomacy, which are basically; Confucius Institutes, marketing Chinese cultural products, series of cultural programs and foreign aid. As the outcomes of the research, it is seen that against ‘China Threat’ theory, China clearly keeps emphasizing its peaceful development and wants to improve its image especially after 1989 Tinananmen Crackdown. Hence, as the most important elements of China’s cultural diplomacy; Confucius Institutes have been established throughout the world, Chinese cultural products are being marketed and Chinese foreign policy is becoming more transparent.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Polish-Ukrainian Partner Cities’ Cooperation in the Context of Poland’s Public Diplomacy

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Olga Bogorodetska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Mutual Understanding

Polish public diplomacy is a multilateral instrument of foreign policy, which represents Poland’s soft power. Numerous and developed Poland’s public diplomacy activities are in post-Soviet states, especially in Ukraine. This country plays a specific and important role in Poland’s foreign policy. The main fields of Poland’s public diplomacy in Ukraine are those connected with cultural, scientific and educational, as well as development aid issues. Apart from them, there is another field that is less addressed and studied by scholars – cooperation between partner cities. Such a field could be presented and examined separately in the frameworks of ‘city diplomacy’ and as a part of public diplomacy as well. This article presents an analysis of Polish-Ukrainian partner cities cooperation, using public diplomacy as a tool for establishing mutual understanding between people.

An Analysis of UN Peacekeeping as Pakistan’s Soft Power Asset

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ume Farwa ◽  
Ghazanfar Ali Garewal
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
International Community ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The People ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

The power of attraction and admiration is soft power. Generally, it is perceived that hard power cannot generate soft power, but the protective role of military in humanitarian crises and conflicts negates this prevailing misperception by specifying their contexts and effective utilizations; hard power assets can be transformed into soft power resources. This paper argues that the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions are the source of soft power and Pakistan, being an active participant in this field, can utilize this asset for shaping the preferences of others. Overall, it did earn admiration from international community and managed to build its soft image abroad through peacekeeping missions. Pakistani blue helmets not only earned the admiration and appreciation of the people of the conflict-zones and earned praises, but from international community also. However, to what extent has the country utilized this asset of soft power to exercise its influence in the global arena remains debatable. Although Pakistan’s UN Peacekeeping missions have been an instrument of building the country’s soft image, it is publicized in a far less productive manner. Peacekeeping can be used as a means to enhance the country’s presence and the level of participation in both international and regional organizations. By effective application of soft power strategy in tandem with public diplomacy, Pakistan’s UN peacekeeping can provide the country with the platform where its narratives can be projected effectively and its influence can be exercised adroitly.

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