Development and Validation of the Internal-External Control Scale for Adolescents Based on Glasser’s Choice Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-249
Author(s):  
Mi Soon Go
Keyword(s):  
Choice Theory ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Development And Validation

Motivational Dynamics of Disadvantaged Women

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suki Hinman ◽  
Brian Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
External Control ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Sixteen Personality Factor ◽  
Disadvantaged Women ◽  
Personality Factor Questionnaire

Two hundred and five disadvantaged women completed standardized psychometric inventories (Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Motivation Analysis Test, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, Internal-External Control Scale, Work Attitude Scale) and a structured interview (attitude-value, activity. Jife concerns items). Factor analysis was used to organize these data; correlational analyses indicated that the inventory and interview dimensions tapped essentially independent aspects within the total motivation domain. Compared with inventory norms, these women exhibited torpidity and submissiveness, depressed motivation, poor self-esteem, but positive work attitudes. Differences between dichotomous subgroups defined by six major demographic variables were consistent with previous literature; the most salient pattern of subgroup differences showed that black, less intelligent, and less educated women were less positive toward work and more externally oriented. In sum, these women appeared resigned and lethargic; no causal inference was drawn, but it was cautioned that choice of counseling procedures should be based on a differentiation of diminished from initial lack of motivation.

Measuring Locus of Control in a Hospital Setting

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciporah S. Tadmor ◽  
John E. Hofman
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
External Control ◽  
Hospital Personnel ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Perceived Locus Of Control ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Further Development

A 6-item health locus-of-control scale was freely adapted from the well known Rotter scale of perceived locus of control to differentiate between individuals who believe that even in a hospital setting they exercise some control over decisions affecting their health and those who look for medical caregivers, doctors, nurses, and technicians to assume external control. Test-retest reliability of the measure developed was 0.81, as obtained from 26 hospital personnel. It was hypothesized that individuals higher in hospital status would be more internally oriented on the measure, i.e., physicians and nurses, than individuals lower in status, such as patients. Confirmation of the hypothesis lent construct validity to the measure and opened the way for its use and further development.

Development and validation of the alcohol-related God locus of control scale

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Murray ◽  
Kathy Goggin ◽  
Vanessa L. Malcarne
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
God Locus Of Control

Experienced Control and Participation in Treatment of Obesity

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Paine ◽  
Patrick Mahlen O'Neil ◽  
Robert Malcolm ◽  
James D. Sexauer ◽  
Hal S. Currey
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Program Test ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Results of three studies are presented which explore the relation of experienced control to participation in treatment for obesity. Subjects in all studies were adult females participating in an outpatient, behaviorally-oriented obesity program. Experienced control was measured using the Experienced Control Scale (Tiffany, 1967). Study 1 was a naturally occurring experiment which compared two groups ( ns = 7 and 8) that differed in extent of self-directed efforts to begin treatment. Study 2 compared 32 persons who completed the program and 18 persons who did not complete it. High levels of experienced control over internal forces were associated with increased efforts to initiate treatment and with completion of treatment. Study 3 assessed the temporal stability of the Experienced Control Scale with obese females tested at the beginning and end of the 12-wk. treatment program. Test-retest reliability coefficients were .64 ( p < .01) for the internal control subscale and .29 ( P < .10) for the external control subscale.

Self-Concept and Locus of Control in Primary-Grade Children Identified as Requiring Special Educational Programing

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Tolor ◽  
Belle Tolor ◽  
Shirley S. Blumin
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
The Self ◽  
Primary Grade ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Matched Group

A group of 28 children from kindergarten through Grade 4, presenting a variety of learning-related problems, were compared with a matched group of 28 control children on the Revised Self-appraisal Inventory and on the Preschool and Primary Internal-External Control Scale. It was hypothesized that the problem children relative to the controls would exhibit less positive self-concepts and have a more external generalized expectancy for control of reinforcement. The expectation was supported for the self-concept measure but not for the measure of locus of control. It was concluded that the Self-appraisal Inventory is a useful measure for assessing self-concepts of children who are being considered for placement in special educational programs and might be helpful in evaluation of these programs.

Perception of Internal-External Control as a Function of One's Own I-E Score

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Edward Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
External Control ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Average Person

Ss completed Rotter's (1966) I-E control scale three times, once for themselves, once for their best friend, and once for the average person. When Ss were divided into two groups on the basis of self scores, scores showed Internals perceived both the best friend and the average person as significantly more external than themselves and that Externals perceived themselves, the best friend, and the average person as equivalently external. The results may be a result of Internals' attempts to maintain self-esteem or a response to their higher need for social approval.

Increase in External Control Belief in the Italian Population

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Nigro
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Belief ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Over Time

Several studies were conducted during the period 1978–1983 to ascertain whether there has been, in recent years, change among Italian undergraduates in perceived control. Six samples of Italian undergraduates completed the Italian version of the Rotter locus of control scale. In 1983 I-E scores, for men as well as for women, were significantly higher than those obtained in 1978. Over time there has been a moderate but gradual shift within the population toward a more external locus of control. Moderate but significant sex differences were found for each sample. Findings suggested that the increase in external control is influenced by realistic considerations. Further implications of the finding were discussed.

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