Experienced Control and Participation in Treatment of Obesity

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1127-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela M. Paine ◽  
Patrick Mahlen O'Neil ◽  
Robert Malcolm ◽  
James D. Sexauer ◽  
Hal S. Currey
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Program Test ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Results of three studies are presented which explore the relation of experienced control to participation in treatment for obesity. Subjects in all studies were adult females participating in an outpatient, behaviorally-oriented obesity program. Experienced control was measured using the Experienced Control Scale (Tiffany, 1967). Study 1 was a naturally occurring experiment which compared two groups ( ns = 7 and 8) that differed in extent of self-directed efforts to begin treatment. Study 2 compared 32 persons who completed the program and 18 persons who did not complete it. High levels of experienced control over internal forces were associated with increased efforts to initiate treatment and with completion of treatment. Study 3 assessed the temporal stability of the Experienced Control Scale with obese females tested at the beginning and end of the 12-wk. treatment program. Test-retest reliability coefficients were .64 ( p < .01) for the internal control subscale and .29 ( P < .10) for the external control subscale.

Measuring Locus of Control in a Hospital Setting

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciporah S. Tadmor ◽  
John E. Hofman
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
External Control ◽  
Hospital Personnel ◽  
Control Test ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Perceived Locus Of Control ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Further Development

A 6-item health locus-of-control scale was freely adapted from the well known Rotter scale of perceived locus of control to differentiate between individuals who believe that even in a hospital setting they exercise some control over decisions affecting their health and those who look for medical caregivers, doctors, nurses, and technicians to assume external control. Test-retest reliability of the measure developed was 0.81, as obtained from 26 hospital personnel. It was hypothesized that individuals higher in hospital status would be more internally oriented on the measure, i.e., physicians and nurses, than individuals lower in status, such as patients. Confirmation of the hypothesis lent construct validity to the measure and opened the way for its use and further development.

Construct Validity of the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Belter ◽  
Erwin H. Brinkmann
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
External Control ◽  
School Students ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Magical Beliefs ◽  
Relevant Component

Rotter's formulation of locus of control as the attribution of control over reinforcements to oneself (internal control) or to others (external control) is discussed in relation to the individual's belief in such supernatural powers as luck, chance, fate, superstition, God, astrology, etc. The validity of the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children in measuring levels of attribution to such external sources of control is assessed. For 182 high school students, a significant positive correlation was obtained between locus of control scores and magical beliefs scores, with an external orientation associated with higher levels of magical beliefs. No significant correlation was obtained between locus of control scores and belief in God. The results indicate that attribution of control to supernatural powers is a small, but relevant, component of an individual's control orientation and provide support for the continued study of the Nowicki-Strickland children's scale as a measure of locus of control.

scholarly journals Measuring Perceived Control: Exploratory Factor Analysis of a Perceived Control Scale Among United States Job Seekers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Boyle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
External Control ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Control Scale

<p>This study targeted 125 adult job seekers residing in the United States to evaluate the factor structure and reliability of a perceived control scale used by the German Institute of Economic Research in the German Socioeconomic Panel Study. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure with factors reflecting internal control and external control. No items cross loaded at a .4 loading threshold. Of the eight items used in the perceived control scale, only one, item 4, failed to load on either factor. The seven remaining items displayed poor average inter-item correlation, r = .17 and a low Cronbach’s alpha, α =.59. Internal and external factors had comparatively higher alphas, α = .74 and α = .72 respectively. The exploratory factor analysis suggests that seven of the eight items load on two factors and when used independently are moderately reliable measures of internal control and external control. </p><br>

scholarly journals Measuring Perceived Control: Exploratory Factor Analysis of a Perceived Control Scale Among United States Job Seekers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Boyle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
External Control ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Control Scale

<p>This study targeted 125 adult job seekers residing in the United States to evaluate the factor structure and reliability of a perceived control scale used by the German Institute of Economic Research in the German Socioeconomic Panel Study. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure with factors reflecting internal control and external control. No items cross loaded at a .4 loading threshold. Of the eight items used in the perceived control scale, only one, item 4, failed to load on either factor. The seven remaining items displayed poor average inter-item correlation, r = .17 and a low Cronbach’s alpha, α =.59. Internal and external factors had comparatively higher alphas, α = .74 and α = .72 respectively. The exploratory factor analysis suggests that seven of the eight items load on two factors and when used independently are moderately reliable measures of internal control and external control. </p><br>

Development of the Children's Sport Locus of Control Scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Tsai ◽  
Chen-Jung Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
External Control ◽  
School Students ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Control Dimension

We developed the Children's Sport Locus of Control Scale (CSLCS) based on Rotter's (1954) social learning theory. Participants were 750 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students. We developed the scale through a series of analyses, including item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, simultaneous multigroup covariance analysis, and criterion-related validity analysis. The CSLCS comprises 12 items, of which 6 items measure ability and responsibility in the internal control dimension, and 6 items measure environment and chance in the external control dimension. The results of the analyses confirmed that this scale has good reliability, validity, and measurement invariance, and that it also satisfies all fit measures. The 6 measures of internal locus of control in the CSLCS are suited for measuring children's sport locus of control, and the measurement results will not differ across gender. Finally, we offer suggestions to future researchers.

Professorial Internal-Control Orientation, Academic Rank, and Tenure

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
C. Hollon
Keyword(s):  
Community Colleges ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
External Control ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
Rank And Tenure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Faculty

The present study explored the relationship between internal-control orientation as measured by Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale and academic rank and tenure for 211 male faculty members from seven public community colleges. Professorial internal-control orientation was not significantly related to either academic rank or tenure.

Impact of the Locus of Causality and Internal Control on the Social Utility of Causal Explanations

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Perrin ◽  
Benoît Testé
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
External Control ◽  
Job Interview ◽  
Locus Of Causality ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types

Research into the norm of internality ( Beauvois & Dubois, 1988 ) has shown that the expression of internal causal explanations is socially valued in social judgment. However, the value attributed to different types of internal explanations (e.g., efforts vs. traits) is far from homogeneous. This study used the Weiner (1979 ) tridimensional model to clarify the factors explaining the social utility attached to internal versus external explanations. Three dimensions were manipulated: locus of causality, controllability, and stability. Participants (N = 180 students) read the explanations expressed by appliants during a job interview. They then described the applicants on the French version of the revised causal dimension scale and rated their future professional success. Results indicated that internal-controllable explanations were the most valued. In addition, perceived internal and external control of explanations were significant predictors of judgments.

scholarly journals Location, Location, Location: The Role of Objective Neighborhood Characteristics for Perceptions of Control

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Johanna Drewelies ◽  
Peter Eibich ◽  
Sandra Düzel ◽  
Simone Kühn ◽  
Christian Krekel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
External Control ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Self Report Data

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Control beliefs can protect against age-related declines in functioning. It is unclear whether neighborhood characteristics shape how much control people perceive over their life. This article studies associations of neighborhood characteristics with control beliefs of residents of a diverse metropolitan area (Berlin, Germany). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We combine self-report data about perceptions of control obtained from participants in the Berlin Aging Study II (<i>N</i> = 507, 60–87 years, 51% women) with multisource geo-referenced indicators of neighborhood characteristics using linear regression models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Findings indicate that objective neighborhood characteristics (i.e., unemployment rate) are indeed tied to perceptions of control, in particular, how much control participants feel others have over their lives. Including neighborhood characteristics in part doubled the amount of explained variance compared with a reference model covarying for demographic characteristics only (from <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.017 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.030 for internal control beliefs; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.056 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.102 for external control beliefs in chance; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.006 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.030 for external control beliefs in powerful others). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Findings highlight the importance of access to neighborhood resources for control beliefs across old age and can inform interventions to build up neighborhood characteristics which might be especially helpful in residential areas with high unemployment.

A Test-Retest Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of Judgments Via the Policy-Capturing Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 109442812110115
Author(s):  
Ze Zhu ◽  
Alan J. Tomassetti ◽  
Reeshad S. Dalal ◽  
Shannon W. Schrader ◽  
Kevin Loo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Capturing ◽  
Reliability Estimate ◽  
Reliability Generalization ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Policy capturing is a widely used technique, but the temporal stability of policy-capturing judgments has long been a cause for concern. This article emphasizes the importance of reporting reliability, and in particular test-retest reliability, estimates in policy-capturing studies. We found that only 164 of 955 policy-capturing studies (i.e., 17.17%) reported a test-retest reliability estimate. We then conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on policy-capturing studies that did report test-retest reliability estimates—and we obtained an average reliability estimate of .78. We additionally examined 16 potential methodological and substantive antecedents to test-retest reliability (equivalent to moderators in validity generalization studies). We found that test-retest reliability was robust to variation in 14 of the 16 factors examined but that reliability was higher in paper-and-pencil studies than in web-based studies and was higher for behavioral intention judgments than for other (e.g., attitudinal and perceptual) judgments. We provide an agenda for future research. Finally, we provide several best-practice recommendations for researchers (and journal reviewers) with regard to (a) reporting test-retest reliability, (b) designing policy-capturing studies for appropriate reportage, and (c) properly interpreting test-retest reliability in policy-capturing studies.

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