scholarly journals SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SELULOSA ASETAT DARI ALFA SELULOSA TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Topan Darmawan ◽  
Muthia Elma ◽  
M. Ihsan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Acetyl Content

Selulosa asetat merupakan senyawa turunan selulosa yang sering digunakan sebagai serat, membran, dan film fotografi dalam industri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh waktu asetilasi terhadap karakter selulosa asetat yang dihasilkan. Adapun proses yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah proses cellanase dengan bahan baku tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Tahapan reaksinya adalah aktivasi, asetilasi, dan hidrolisis. Aktivasi dilakukan di dalam labu leher tiga dengan penambahan asam asetat glacial 50 mL dan diaduk selama 3 jam pada kecepatan 125 rpm. Selanjutnya ditambahkan asetat anhidrida 15 mL sebagai agen asetilasi. Asetilasi dilakukan dengan variasi waktu, 2; 2,5; 3; dan 3,5 jam. Pada tahapan hidrolisis, ditambahkan air 2 mL dan asam asetat glacial 5 mL. Reaksi berlangsung selama 30 menit. Selanjutnya ditambahkan 1 gram natrium asetat untuk netralisasi yang berlangsung selama 5 menit. Kemudian dilakukan pencucian sampai bau asam asetat hilang. Tahapan terakhir adalah pengeringan yang dilakukan dengan suhu 55ºC selama 6 jam. Produk yang dihasilkan kemudian dianalisis kadar air, kadar asetil, rendemen dan gugus fungsi menggunakan analisa FTIR. Selulosa asetat yang terbaik diperoleh pada waktu asetilasi selama 2,5 jam dengan  kadar  asetil  40,36%, kadar  air  4.43%,  dan  rendemen 153,8%.Kata kunci: cellanase, selulosa, selulosa asetat. Cellulose acetate is a cellulose derivative which is often used as a fiber, membrane, and photographic film in industry. The  objectives  of  this  study  were  to determine the effect of acetylation time on the character of cellulose acetate. The process used in this study is the process of cellanase with α-cellulose of empty palm oil bunches materials. Stages of reaction are activation, acetylation, and hydrolysis. Activation was performed in a three-neck flask with the addition of 50 mL glacial acetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 125 rpm. Then added 15 mL acetic anhydride as acetylation agent. Acetylation was performed by varying the time, 2; 2.5; 3; And 3.5 hours. At the hydrolysis stage, 2 mL of water and 5 mL glacial acetic acid were added. The reaction lasts for 30 minutes. Then added 1 gram of sodium acetate for neutralization lasts 5 minutes. then do the washing up to the smell of acetic acid disappeared. The final stage is the drying is done at a temperature of 55ºC for 6 hours. The resulting product was then analyzed for water content, acetyl content, rendement and functional groups using FTIR analysis. Cellulose acetate are best obtained at the time of acetylation for 2.5 hours with acetyl content of 40.36%, water content 4:43%, and a yield of 153.8%.Keywords: acetate cellulose, cellanase, cellulose.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN SELULOSA ASETAT DARI α -SELULOSA TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Roganda L Lumban Gaol ◽  
Roganda Sitorus ◽  
Yanthi S ◽  
Indra Surya ◽  
Renita Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Anhydride ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Cellulose Materials

Utilization of empty fruit bunches of oil palm in Indonesia is still very low, so it should be developed further. One of them by researching the manufacture of cellulose acetate from oil palm empty fruit bunches. The process used in this study is the cellanase with α-cellulose materials. Stages reaction is activation, acetylation, hydrolysis, neutralization and drying. Activation in thethree-neck flask with the addition of 50 ml of glacial acetic acid and stirredfor 3 hour,then added 15 ml of acetic acid anhydride as acetylation agent. Acetylation performed with the variation of time, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 hours.  In the hydrolysis step, add 2 ml of water and5 ml of glacial acetic acid. The reaction lasted for 30 minutes, then added 1 g of sodium acetate for neutralization, neutralization lasts for 5 minutes.  Then do the washing up to the smell of acetic acid is lost, and the last stage is the drying is done with a temperature below 50 oC.  The resulting products are then analyzed the degree of substitution, melting point, and then carried out FTIR analysis.  The results obtained when the optimum conditions for the acetylation reaction is 2.5 - 3 hours.

scholarly journals KAJIAN AWAL PEMANFAATAN PULP DARI LIMBAH KEMASAN ASEPTIK UNTUK PEMBUATAN SELULOSA ASETAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahammad Khadafi ◽  
Yuniarti P. Kencana
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Acid Anhydride ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Acetyl Content ◽  
Aseptic Packaging

The use of aseptic packaging in the world is still increasing from year to year, this causes a new matter like midden. Recycling the aseptic packaging is one of the efforts to utilize this waste. The raw material used for cellulose acetate crystal can be obtained from recycling process of aseptic packaging waste. This can be possible because pulp from aseptic packaging contain 72% needle unbleached virgin pulp. The purpose of this reasearch is to diversify the use of aseptic packaging waste by improving the technology process of acetylation for making cellulose acetate crystal. Aseptic packaging pulp was tested for the parameters such as water content, ash content, holocellulose content, α-cellulose content, lignin content, and hemicellulose content. This tested was used to know the eligibility of pulp for making cellulose acetate. The pulp was soaked with water and glacial acetic acid for swelling and conditioning. The acetylation process was done with adding glacial acetic acid and acetic acid anhydride in certain composition. Based on ASTM D 871-96 testing method, we obtained the optimum condition of acetyl content is 36.85% by adding 2.25 mL water and 35 mL acetic acid anhydride, whereas with the addition of 2.75 mL water and 30 mL acetic acid anhydride 28.28% acetyl content were obtained.Keywords : aseptic packaging pulp, acetate cellulose, acetylation process, acetyl content  ABSTRAKPenggunaan kemasan aseptik yang meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, menimbulkan masalah baru berupa limbah. Salah satu upaya pemanfaatan limbah adalah melalui proses daur ulang. Hasil proses daur ulang ini diantaranya dapat dijadikan substitusi bahan baku produk derivat selulosa berupa selulosa asetat, karena limbah kemasan aseptik mengandung pulp virgin serat panjang 72%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk diversifikasi penggunaan dan pemanfaatan limbah kemasan aseptik melalui proses daur ulang dan penguasaan teknologi proses asetilasi untuk produk selulosa asetat. Pulp kemasan aseptik diuji dengan parameter kadar air, kadar abu, kadar holoselulosa, kadar α selulosa, kadar lignin, dan kadar hemiselulosa untuk mengetahui apakah pulp kemasan aseptik memenuhi persyaratan untuk dibuat selulosa asetat. Perendaman pulp dilakukan dengan air dan asam asetat glasial, kemudian diperas untuk mengkondisikan pulp sebelum proses asetilasi. Proses asetilasi dilakukan dengan menambahkan asam asetat glasial dan asam asetat anhidrida dalam jumlah tertentu. Berdasarkan metode ASTMD 871-96 diperoleh kadar asetil optimal dari kristal selulosa asetat sebesar 36,85% dengan penambahan air 2,25 mL dan asetat anhydrida 35 ml, sedangkan untuk penambahan asam asetat anhidrida 30 mL dan air 2,75 mL diperoleh kadar asetil 28,28%.Kata kunci : pulp kemasan aseptik, selulosa asetat, asetilasi, kadar asetil

Synthesis and Caracterization of some New 1H-3-aryl-7-etoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Maria-Daniela Sofei ◽  
Maria Ilici ◽  
Valentin Badea ◽  
Carol Csunderlik ◽  
Vasile-Nicolae Bercean
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Ir And Nmr Spectroscopy

The synthesis of 1H-3-aryl-7-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles (2) was carried out by cyclization of 1H-5-arylidenehydrazino-4-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-pyrazoles (1) in the presence of bromine using glacial acetic acid as solvent and sodium acetate as base. The new nine obtained compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Oxidation of 3-Carene with Red Lead in Glacial Acetic Acid and Acetic Anhydride

1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 420-422
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu MATSUBARA ◽  
Yoshihito FUJIHARA ◽  
Yutaka SAKAI ◽  
Makoto SANO
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Red Lead

1,4-Dinitroimidazole and Derivatives. Structure and Thermal Rearrangement

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Grimmett ◽  
ST Hua ◽  
KC Chang ◽  
SA Foley ◽  
J Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structure ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Thermal Rearrangement

Nitration of 4-nitroimidazole in acetic anhydride/glacial acetic acid gives 1,4-dinitroimidazole. The crystal and molecular structure of this compound have been determined by direct methods. Crystals are orthorhombic; P212121, a 5.853(3), b 9.591(8), c 10.392(5) � , V 583.4(7) � 3 , Dm 1 .76 g cm-1, Dc, 1 .80 g cm-1 (Z = 4); λ 0.71069 � ; T 173 K. The structure was refined to R = 0.048 for 926 reflections [I > 2 σ(1)]. Both 2-methyl-4-nitro- and 5-methyl-4-nitro-imidazoles N-nitrate under the same conditions. When heated in solution at 100-140�C 1,4-dinitro- and 2-methyl-1,4-dinitro-imidazoles rearrange to give C-nitro isomers and some denitration products, but 5(4)-methyl-1,4(5)-dinitroimidazole failed to give identifiable products.

STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF HEXAMINE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Ingraham ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Induction Period ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Rate Data

Rate curves have been determined for the reaction of ammonium nitrate with formaldehyde in glacial acetic acid solution at 25 °C., 35 °C., 45 °C., and 55 °C. over a range of Initial mole ratios (formaldehyde: ammonia) of 0.75:1 to 9.0:1. Data obtained at 25 °C. show a definite induction period in the formation of hexamine. The length of the induction period is not changed by increasing ammonium nitrate concentrations above the theoretical (1.5:1), but may be appreciably shortened by initial additions of excess formaldehyde or of sodium acetate. From 35 °C. upward, the induction period is not apparent. The order of the reaction with respect to formaldehyde has been determined from initial rate data, and an activation energy calculated. The reactions in general appear analogous to those found in slightly acid aqueous systems.

THE PREPARATION OF 9-HYDROXYPYRAZOLO[3,4-b]QUINOLINES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (17) ◽  
pp. 2009-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Coutts ◽  
J. B. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Hydrazine Hydrate ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reduction Product ◽  
Type I

4-(2-Nitrobenzylidene)-2-pyrazolin-5-ones (I) were best prepared by heating o-nitrobenzaldehyde and 2-pyrazolin-5-ones in acetic anhydride containing fused sodium acetate (cf. Erlenmeyer azlactone synthesis). Pyrazolones of type I were reductively cyclized with cyclohexene and palladium–charcoal, and gave 3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-9-hydroxy-1H-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]quinolines (II) which, as expected, were amphoteric compounds. Of the three other methods of reduction used in this study, two (zinc and acetic acid; sodium borohydride and palladium–charcoal) were capable of producing pyrazoloquinolines, but were less reliable. The other method employed (hydrazine hydrate and palladium–charcoal) caused degradation of the pyrazolone molecule in the two cases examined, and in both, bis(2-aminobenzylidene) hydrazine (V) was the reduction product isolated.

Condensation of Schiff bases with 2-oxazolin-5-ones: simultaneous introduction of arylidene and amino moieties

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arya K. Mukerjee ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Methyl Group

Schiff bases condense with 2-oxazolin-5-ones having a C-4 methylene and/or C-2 methyl group, and the reaction in glacial acetic acid, containing freshly fused sodium acetate, produces 4-arylidene- and/or 2-styryl-2-imidazoline-5-ones as a result of simultaneous introduction of arylidene and amino moieties.

An efficient synthesis of pterosin C and other pterosins

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1945-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam-Mui Eva Ng ◽  
Trevor C. McMorris
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
Cis And Trans Isomers ◽  
Cis And Trans

A versatile synthetic route to pterosins, sesquiterpenoid indanones present in bracken, Pteridiumaquilinum, has been developed. The route is exemplified by the synthesis of (2S,3S)-pterosin C by Friedel–Crafts bisacylation of the methyl ether of 2-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)ethanol with methylmalonyl chloride. Demethylation of the resulting 1,3-indandione and reduction with zinc and acetic acid in the presence of acetic anhydride and sodium acetate afforded a mixture of racemic cis and trans isomers of pterosin C diacetate, which was hydrolysed to the corresponding pterosins. Separation and resolution via the S-(+)-α-phenylbutyric esters gave (2S,3S)-pterosin C and (2R,3R)-pterosin C. Other pterosins were prepared as racemates from the 1,3-indandione.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of Some Bioactive Thiazolotriazole Derivatives

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1509-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjunatha Kumsi ◽  
Boja Poojary ◽  
Prajwal Lourdes Lobo ◽  
Nalilu Suchetha Kumari ◽  
Anoop Chullikana
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Elemental Analyses

The key precursor rac-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (3) was synthesized in good yield from Ibuprofen (1). One-pot three-component reactions of 3 with 5-aryl-furan-2-carboxaldehydes/ substituted aromatic aldehydes and monochloroacetic acid in acetic acid in the presence of acetic anhydride and anhydrous sodium acetate afforded substituted thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole derivatives 4 and 5. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analyses and spectral data. The compounds were tested for their in-vitro antimicrobial activities.

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