scholarly journals A STUDY OF URBAN WATER DEMAND IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Ulfa Fitriati ◽  
Novitasari Novitasari ◽  
Muh. Afief Ma’ruf
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Exponential Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Demand Projection

This research projected the citizens and water demand in 13 regencies/cities in South Kalimantan Province from 2013 to the next 20 years. The results of the project were compared with the intake capacity to meet the demand in upcoming years. In projecting the population growth, five methods were used, namely aritmethic method, geometric method, linier regression method, exponential method and logarithmic method. The most appropriate method for projecting the population growth is the method which has the minimum value of standard deviation and the correlation value close to 1. Water demand was calculated based on some factors, such as the average water demand, the maximum level of water demand, and the water demand at peak hours. The existing intake capacity was then compared with the water demand projection. In almost all PDAM (Munipical Tap Water Company) observed, the capacity of water processing installation could not fullfill the water demand at the peak hours. The adequate intake capacity of PDAM was only in Balangan regency and Banjarmasin city.

scholarly journals Urban Water Demand Prediction for a City That Suffers from Climate Change and Population Growth: Gauteng Province Case Study

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah L. Zubaidi ◽  
Sandra Ortega-Martorell ◽  
Hussein Al-Bugharbee ◽  
Ivan Olier ◽  
Khalid S. Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Water System ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
The Impact

The proper management of a municipal water system is essential to sustain cities and support the water security of societies. Urban water estimating has always been a challenging task for managers of water utilities and policymakers. This paper applies a novel methodology that includes data pre-processing and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) optimized with the Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA-ANN) to estimate monthly water demand in relation to previous water consumption. Historical data of monthly water consumption in the Gauteng Province, South Africa, for the period 2007–2016, were selected for the creation and evaluation of the methodology. Data pre-processing techniques played a crucial role in the enhancing of the quality of the data before creating the prediction model. The BSA-ANN model yielded the best result with a root mean square error and a coefficient of efficiency of 0.0099 mega liters and 0.979, respectively. Moreover, it proved more efficient and reliable than the Crow Search Algorithm (CSA-ANN), based on the scale of error. Overall, this paper presents a new application for the hybrid model BSA-ANN that can be successfully used to predict water demand with high accuracy, in a city that heavily suffers from the impact of climate change and population growth.

Population Change, Modernization and Welfare. By Joseph Spengler. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1974.

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Almost All

The book covers a wide field, touching on almost all aspects of popula¬tion change on a world-wide scale. It discusses, using world and country data, the relationships between demographic and socio-economic variables, and elaborates on" their relative importance in the determination of population problems which confront the world as a whole and nations individually. Policies designed to alleviate these problems are discussed with an emphasis on those related to population control. The first chapter is entitled "Population Growth: Past and Prospective" and reviews the various parameters associated with population change in the past and in the future. It touches upon the concept of a stable population in order to show the elements which cause a population to change (i.e. remove it from its stable condition). The main elements of change, population growth, migration, mortality and natality are discussed individually. The chapter is concluded by a description of the main differences in these elements and other socio-economic conditions as they exist in the less-developed and developed countries.

scholarly journals Simulating a Stochastic Signal of Urban Water Demand by a Novel Combination of Data Analytic and Machine Learning Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 1058 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
Salah L. Zubaidi ◽  
Hussein Al-Bugharbee ◽  
Yousif Raad Muhsin ◽  
Sadik Kamel Gharghan ◽  
Khalid Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Stochastic Signal ◽  
Urban Water Demand ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Data Analytic

Household greywater use practices in Melbourne, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sinclair ◽  
J. O'Toole ◽  
M. Malawaraarachchi ◽  
K. Leder
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
End Use ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Greywater Reuse

Research on the potential of greywater reuse to reduce urban tap water demand has focused mainly on permanently installed greywater treatment or irrigation systems. These may be readily implemented in new housing developments, but experience in Australia shows their uptake by established households in urban areas is low. The majority of households employ simple and temporary methods for greywater collection and use, but their behaviour has not been well documented. We characterised the greywater use practices of over 1,000 Melbourne households during a 5-year period (2007 to 2011) which included 3 years of severe drought with stringent restrictions on outdoor tap water use. Greywater was most frequently collected from the laundry and bathroom, and generally used within 24 hours. Garden watering was the most common end use, and treatment of greywater to reduce microbial contamination was very rare. Volume estimates by householders suggest that on average around 10% of tap water used in the home was being collected for reuse. When drought conditions and water restrictions eased, over 40% of user households discontinued greywater use. Widespread adoption of permanent greywater collection, treatment and storage systems by households would be required to achieve a lasting effect on urban water consumption.

A Fine Grained Forecasting Method for Minute-Level Urban Water Demand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunyu Wu ◽  
Pingwei Zhao ◽  
Miaoshun Bai ◽  
Jingcheng Wang ◽  
Yang Lan
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Urban Water Demand ◽  
Forecasting Method

Urban Water Demand Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Binaya Kumar Mishra ◽  
Shamik Chakraborty ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Chitresh Saraswat
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
Urban Water Demand
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