Earthquake performance of collapsed school building under Van-Tabanli (Mw=7.2) earthquake

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Cumhur Cosgun ◽  
Atakan Mangir
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
School Building ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Seismic Code ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Earthquake Performance ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Earthquake Effects

A majority of the present building stock of Turkey is under seismic risk. It is believed that a significant proportion of the existing structures will either collapse or will get heavily damaged during a possible strong earthquake. With this respect, as an initial stage in the betterment of the structurally deficient building stock, assessment of existing buildings is of vital importance. From this viewpoint, in this study, earthquake performance of a collapsed school building was investigated through numerical performance analysis based on codified rules. At the end of 2011, numerous ground motions of various intensities have been registered in city of Van in eastern Turkey starting from 23 October 2011. Two major earthquakes were experienced at the Tabanli and Edremit district of Van. The moment magnitudes of these earthquakes were announced as 7.2 and 5.6, respectively. The investigated school building in this study was located in the city of Van and collapsed after first major earthquake (Mw=7.2). Structural details of the load-bearing members of the investigated building including as-built drawings and specified material properties were obtained. Based on obtained data, a numerical model was created to simulate the behavior of the building under code specified earthquake effects. Earthquake performance assessment of the structure was carried based on the recommendations given in the related chapter of the Turkish Seismic Code. Pushover analyses were performed and expected member by member damage levels and overall structural damage were determined in accordance with Turkish Seismic Code. The results are discussed to enlighten the actual cause of the collapse.

Earthquake performance of collapsed school building under Van-Tabanli (Mw=7.2) earthquake

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Cumhur Cosgun ◽  
Atakan Mangir
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
School Building ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Seismic Code ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Earthquake Performance ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Earthquake Effects

A majority of the present building stock of Turkey is under seismic risk. It is believed that a significant proportion of the existing structures will either collapse or will get heavily damaged during a possible strong earthquake. With this respect, as an initial stage in the betterment of the structurally deficient building stock, assessment of existing buildings is of vital importance. From this viewpoint, in this study, earthquake performance of a collapsed school building was investigated through numerical performance analysis based on codified rules. At the end of 2011, numerous ground motions of various intensities have been registered in city of Van in eastern Turkey starting from 23 October 2011. Two major earthquakes were experienced at the Tabanli and Edremit district of Van. The moment magnitudes of these earthquakes were announced as 7.2 and 5.6, respectively. The investigated school building in this study was located in the city of Van and collapsed after first major earthquake (Mw=7.2). Structural details of the load-bearing members of the investigated building including as-built drawings and specified material properties were obtained. Based on obtained data, a numerical model was created to simulate the behavior of the building under code specified earthquake effects. Earthquake performance assessment of the structure was carried based on the recommendations given in the related chapter of the Turkish Seismic Code. Pushover analyses were performed and expected member by member damage levels and overall structural damage were determined in accordance with Turkish Seismic Code. The results are discussed to enlighten the actual cause of the collapse.

Behavior of multidirectional friction dampers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 1969-1979
Author(s):  
Recep Suk ◽  
Gökhan Altintaș
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Seismic Damper ◽  
Earthquake Performance ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Property Losses

Earthquakes are catastrophic events causing loss of lives, injuries, and extensive losses in properties. Majority of the life and property losses of earthquakes are dependent on the incapabilities of the building stock to resist earthquakes. Although unsuitable design, analyses, and production techniques play a major role as the main reasons for the poor performance of buildings against earthquakes, buildings constructed in accordance with building codes also suffer from the devastating impact of earthquakes. In this context, the lack of proper management and adequate damping of the energy caused by earthquakes is a major cause of structural damage in earthquakes. The efficiency of conventional basic elements in structures with energy damping is very limited and may not be sufficient for the damping of a large amount of earthquake-induced energy. Thanks to the rapid advances in technology and associated engineering techniques, numerous new products, and production and calculation techniques are underway to mitigate the devastating effects of earthquakes on buildings. In this study, it was aimed to theoretically and experimentally investigate the performance of a versatile friction-type seismic damper that eliminates earthquake energy. The damper is designed using a spherical surface friction joint to respond to all loads regardless of the loading direction. The damper can be easily adjusted to the desired capacity by means of bolt tensioning elements. Experiments have been carried out for various shear loads and damping parameters. Furthermore, numerical analysis of the model was carried out by use of the finite element method. The results of this study revealed that the shear load capacity of the device did not change at different frequencies. Analyzing the effect of the equipment on a structure, it was understood that it reduces roof displacement and periods of the structure. The analysis revealed that the damper significantly improved the earthquake performance of the structure.

scholarly journals Relevant lessons learned from the earthquakes El Asnam, 10/10/1980 and Zemmouri, 05/21/2003 on the paraseismic prevention in Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02040
Author(s):  
Yamina Ait-Meziane ◽  
Rania Souici ◽  
Farah Lazzali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Seismic Code ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Algerian Seismic Code ◽  
The Impact

In the field of seismic risk prevention in Algeria, the earthquake of El Asnam, 10/10/1980 is the triggering event and that of Zemmouri 21/05/2003 the accelerating element of the policy already in place. These two major events have been rich in information, as they are among the most studied internationally. The approaches and the development of methods for seismic risk reduction are based largely on feedback. The fundamental goal of seismic risk reduction is to avoid loss of life, which is mainly due to the partial or total collapse of structures. Exploiting lessons learned from past earthquakes is reflected in code requirements for new projects and approaches to vulnerability estimation for existing structures. In this paper, we give a description of the characteristics of the two events. The analysis of pathologies observed and the impact on the Algerian seismic code is discussed.

scholarly journals Methods for the Assessment of Critical Properties in Existing Masonry Structures under Seismic Loads—The ARES Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mislav Stepinac ◽  
Tomislav Kisicek ◽  
Tvrtko Renić ◽  
Ivan Hafner ◽  
Chiara Bedon
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Reliable Design ◽  
Basic Features

Masonry structures are notoriously vulnerable to horizontal actions caused by earthquakes. Given the high seismicity of the European region, and that the European building stock comprises a lot of masonry buildings, knowledge about their structural response to seismic excitation is particularly important, but at the same time difficult to determine, due to the heterogenous nature of materials and/or constructional techniques in use. An additional issue is represented by the current methods for mechanical properties assessment, that do not provide a reliable framework for accurate structural estimations of existing buildings characterized by different typological properties. Every structure, in other words, should be separately inspected in regard to its mechanical behaviour, based on dedicated approaches able to capture potential critical issues. In this review paper, an insight on the Croatian ARES project is presented (Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Structures), including a state-of-the-art of the actual building stock and giving evidence of major difficulties concerning the assessment of existing structures. The most commonly used techniques and tools are compared, with a focus on their basic features and field of application. A brief overview of prevailing structural behaviours and Finite Element numerical modelling issues are also mentioned. As shown, the general tendency is to ensure “sustainable” and energy-efficient building systems. The latter, however, seem in disagreement with basic principles of structural maintenance and renovation. The aim of the ongoing ARES project, in this context, is to improve the current knowledge regarding the assessment and strengthening of structures, with a focus on a more reliable design and maintenance process for existing masonry buildings.

Analysis of Drop-Fall Damage Failure of Composite Cylinder

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Ying Tie ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Composite Cylinder ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Composite Failure ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Hoop Stresses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Composite Cylinders

Based failure criteria of composite materials structural damage and simulation of finite element dynamic impact, the drop process and damage failure of composite cylinder are calculated and analysed. For composite cylinders with different wind angles falling from a height, the stresses of internal points during the impact process are obtained. Based on the value of the process stress, the failure of the cylinder is analysed. The results show that at the moment when the cylinder bounces back after impacted with the ground, the stress and strain reaches to the maximum. The maximum hoop stresses are at cylinder mouth and cylinder bottom which collide with ground. Maximum axial tensile stresses are at the central body of cylinder. The stress distribution of 13 degrees fiber angle of cylinder is slightly less than that of 25 degree. By Tsai-Wu composite failure criterion, there is no failure of the composite cylinder.

Strengthening of Gravity Load Designed Reinforced Concrete Frames with the External RC Shear Walls

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Bahadir ◽  
Mehmet Kamanli ◽  
Hasan Husnu Korkmaz ◽  
Fatih Suleyman Balik ◽  
Alptug Unal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Concrete Frames ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Gravity Load ◽  
Earthquake Zone ◽  
Rc Framed Structures

Turkey is situated on a very earthquake zone of the world namely Alp-Himalayan Earthquake Zone. Several destructive earthquakes resulted in high dead losses in the last century. Turkish building stock consisted of nonductile RC framed structures commonly 3 to 7 stories. The common properties of the existing structures is the poor lateral resistance. The residental buildings with poor earthquake resistance must be rehabilitated with a rapid, economical, feasible and effective strengthening methods. The external shear wall addition to the existing poor frame is studied experimentally in this study. 6 specimens were tested under reversed cyclic lateral loading simulating the seismic action. The first specimen was the reference specimen and didn't contain any strengthening and tested to see reference behaviour. The other specimens were strengthened with external shear walls with or without openings. The size of the openings is a parameter in the study. Secons specimen didn't contain any opening. Columns of the frames also jacketed with reinforced concrete. The maximum lateral load carrying capacity, ductility capacities, energy consuption capacities, improvement in the lateral rigidities were investigated.

scholarly journals Performance of RC and Masonry Structures During 2019 Durrës Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsed Leti
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Rc Building

Albania has suffered from major earthquakes in the past century that have caused varying levels of damage to buildings. As a result of the number of damaged buildings and loss of life, attention has focused mostly on the poor performance of reinforced concrete and masonry structures in low and mid-rise buildings. This paper presents the results of a reconnaissance visits to the disaster-stricken area in the Durrës region in Albania and covers many zones in the region where historical and modern buildings suffered serious structural damage or collapses during the November 26, 2019, Durrës Earthquake. Special emphasis was placed on masonry and RC buildings, since the damage level was high in these buildings. The consequences of the Durrës earthquake are important for similar masonry and RC building stock in other seismically vulnerable European cities. Regularity of the structural system, quality of the material utilized, the distribution of mass and stiffness through the building, the ratio of openings on masonry walls and diaphragm stiffness have a crucial influence on the structural response. Inappropriate interventions led to serious damage or collapses, resulting in casualties. Examples of numerous damage types, as witnessed during the site visits to the affected region are presented, along with technically explanation of causes for the damages.

scholarly journals Compliance-Based Estimation of Seismic Collapse Risk of an Existing Reinforced Concrete Frame Building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Tsiavos ◽  
Pascal Amrein ◽  
Nathan Bender ◽  
Bozidar Stojadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Ground Motion ◽  
Rc Frame ◽  
Seismic Code ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Seismic Collapse ◽  
Rc Building ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Rc Frame Building ◽  
Code Compliance

Abstract The seismic evaluation of existing structures is based on the determination of the damage likely to occur during the lifetime of these structures due to earthquake ground motion excitation. However, there is not a consensus about the acceptable level of seismic damage, the expected lifetime of these structures, and the seismic hazard level(s) to evaluate the structures at. This paper presents a methodology for the parametric determination of the seismic collapse risk of an existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame building based on its seismic code compliance, quantified by a dimensionless metric. This metric, defined as compliance factor, compares the seismic capacity of an existing structure with the seismic demand for a new structure at a predetermined hazard level. The inelastic seismic behavior of four models of the RC frame building of varying compliance was analytically investigated in this study to demonstrate the implementation of the novel methodology. The four models of the RC building were chosen to represent existing RC frame structures, designed and constructed before the introduction of the modern seismic code provisions. These four building models were excited by a group of earthquake ground motion excitations using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). The collapse probability of the four models of the RC building representing varying values of seismic code compliance was determined for two different locations corresponding to regions of moderate and high seismic hazard, thus laying the basis for the compliance-based estimation of the seismic collapse risk of existing structures.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL FIRE SAFETY OF EXISTING STEEL BUILDINGS, Possible general approach and application to the case of the intumescent coatings

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bilotta ◽  
Donatella De Silva ◽  
Emidio Nigro
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Intumescent Coatings

The fire safety of the existing structures is very important from the socio-economic point of view and has high social impact for civil, industrial, and commercial buildings. The verification of the minimum fire resistance of civil structures is done through some regulations, drafted to ensure occupant and rescue teams safety as well as a limited structural damage. These national fire rules are not always easily applicable to existing buildings. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance about the structural analysis of existing buildings exposed to fire, with particular reference to steel buildings protected with intumescent coatings.

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