Quantification of the Role of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) against Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål. in the Upland Rainfed Rice Growing Areas of West Bengal, India

The adaptation by planthoppers to feed and develop on resistant rice is a challenge for pest management in Asia. We conducted a series of manipulative experiments with the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) on the resistant rice variety IR62 (BPH3/BPH32 genes) to assess behavioral and bionomic changes in planthoppers exhibiting virulence adaptation. We also examined the potential role of yeast-like symbionts (YLS) in virulence adaptation by assessing progeny fitness (survival × reproduction) following controlled matings between virulent males or females and avirulent males or females, and by manipulating YLS densities in progeny through heat treatment. We found virulence-adapted planthoppers developed faster, grew larger, had adults that survived for longer, had female-biased progeny, and produced more eggs than non-selected planthoppers on the resistant variety. However, feeding capacity—as revealed through honeydew composition—remained inefficient on IR62, even after 20+ generations of exposure to the resistant host. Virulence was derived from both the male and female parents; however, females contributed more than males to progeny virulence. We found that YLS are essential for normal planthopper development and densities are highest in virulent nymphs feeding on the resistant host; however, we found only weak evidence that YLS densities contributed more to virulence. Virulence against IR62 in the brown planthopper, therefore, involves a complex of traits that encompass a series of behavioral, physiological, and genetic mechanisms, some of which are determined only by the female parent.

Download Full-text

Populasi Hama Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.), Keragaman Musuh Alami Predator Serta Parasitoidnya Pada Lahan Sawah Di Dataran Rendah Kabupaten Indramayu

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v6i1.245 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Martua Suhunan Sianipar ◽

Andang Purnama ◽

Entun Santosa ◽

R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi ◽

Wahyu Daradjat Natawigena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Population Decline ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Uniform Field ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Rice Pest ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽

Brown Plant Hopper

Population of brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is one of the major rice pest that is threatening rice production in Indramayu. Integrated pest management is needed to control the population of brown plant hopper (BPH). To construct effective strategy of Integrated Pest Management, a survey to obtain information about the population of BPH and the diversity of its natural enemies predator and parasitoid is required. The result of the survey showed that fluctuation of BPH population was evidence. BPH occurs from the 1st week of observation and the population was rising until the 5th week of observation and hence the population declined until the 12th week of observation. This population decline was caused by BPH’s live cycle followed the growth phase of rice plant. Correlation between climate factors and fluctuation of BPH population was not significant. Based on Shanon-Wiener diversity index analysis, the diversity of natural predators of BPH was medium with the value of H’ of 1,83 due to uniform field condition

Download Full-text

The Role of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus Flowers in the Life of Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.24806 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wiwik Sugiharti ◽

Y. Andi Trisyono ◽

Edhi Martono ◽

Witjaksono Witjaksono

Keyword(s):

Rice Field ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Egg Parasitoid ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Parasitism Rate ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Anagrus nilaparvatae is a potential egg parasitoid to control the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) The parasitoid needs to consume suitable food to maximize its biotic potential and parasitizing ability. This study was aimed to determine the benefits provided by the presence of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus flowers on the life of A. nilaparvatae. This study consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was designed to determine the effects of the tested flowers on the parasitism and hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae on N. lugens eggs. The flowers were set inside the rearing cage of parasitoid in the presence of N. lugens eggs in Ciherang rice seedlings. In addition, honey and the control (no feed added) were included into the treatments, totalling of four treatments. The parasitism rate of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flowers or honey was similar to those unfed. However, the hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae was much higher on those fed with flower or honey than those unfed. The number of A. nilaparvatae unable to eclose from eggs of N. lugens for the unfed parasitoid was 37.4% in comparison with 8.19 to 15.67% for those fed with flower or honey. The second experiment was a follow-up to address the question on the fitness of progeny of A. nilaparvatae fed with the tested flowers. The flowers and honey did not increase the longevity of A. nilaparvatae progeny. However, A. nilaparvatae fed with flowers or honey produced progeny that resulted in higher number of offspring compared to those unfed. C. sulphureus flower significantly increased the number of offspring produced by A. nilaparvatae. This suggest that the diet of the parental parasitoid determines the fitness of the progeny. Improving the hatching rate and the fecundity of progeny produced by the adults of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flower of T. subulata and C. sulphureus would contribute to the increasing population of this parasitoid which could lead to a better control of N. lugens in the rice field. IntisariAnagrus nilaparvatae merupakan parasitoid telur yang potensial untuk mengendalikan serangan wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.). Parasitoid perlu mendapatkan sumber pakan yang sesuai untuk memaksimalkan potensi biologis dan kemampuan memarasit inang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji manfaat pemberian bunga Turnera subulata dan Cosmos sulphureus pada kehidupan A. nilaparvatae. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh bunga yang diuji terhadap tingkat parasitasi dan penetasan telur A. nilaparvatae pada telur N. lugens. Bunga diletakkan di dalam tabung rearing parasitoid yang di dalamnya terdapat bibit padi varietas Ciherang yang mengandung telur N. lugens. Selain itu, terdapat pula perlakuan madu dan kontrol (tanpa bunga dan tanpa madu), dengan total empat perlakuan. A. nilaparvate yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu memiliki tingkat parasitasi yang sama dengan yang tidak diberi pakan. Namun, tingkat penetasan telur A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang tidak diberi pakan. Jumlah A. nilaparvatae yang tidak menetas dari telur N. lugens pada parasitoid yang tidak diberi pakan adalah 37,4% dibandingkan dengan parasitoid yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu yang berkisar 8,19 - 15,67%. Percobaan kedua adalah tindak lanjut untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang kebugaran keturunan A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan dengan bunga yang diuji. Bunga dan madu tidak meningkatkan lama hidup keturunan A. nilaparvatae. Namun, A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan dengan bunga atau madu menghasilkan keturunan yang memiliki fekunditas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan keturunan dari A. nilaparvatae yang tidak diberi pakan. Bunga C. sulphureus secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan jumlah keturunan yang dihasilkan oleh A. nilaparvatae. Ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis pakan induk parasitoid menentukan kebugaran keturunannya. Peningkatan penetasan dan fekunditas dari keturunan yang dihasilkan oleh induk A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan bunga T. subulata dan C. sulphureus akan berkontribusi pada peningkatan populasi parasitoid sehingga dapat mengendalikan serangan N. lugens di pertanaman padi dengan lebih baik.

Download Full-text

Benefits of Flowering Plant as Refuge to Improve the Ecosystems Services by Egg Parasitoids of the Rice Brown Planthopper

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.28536 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Nike Grace Hanjelina Sinulingga ◽

Y. Andi Trisyono ◽

Edhi Martono ◽

Buyung Hadi

Keyword(s):

Rice Field ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Egg Parasitoids ◽

Flowering Plants ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Significant Interest ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Outbreaks of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal., tend to increase in 2017. There has been significant interest to reduce reliance on pesticides by manipulating habitat plant species and communities to benefit natural enemies of insect. Flowering plants as refuge can contribute in enhancing the ecosystem services. This study aimed to assess the benefit of flowering plants as refuge to improve the role of egg parasitoids of brown planthopper. We sampled three rice fields: rice field adjacent to refuge, far from refuge, and rice field with no refuge using trapping procedure. We found two genera of parasitoid in Banyumas: Oligosita and Anagrus. The parasitism in the three rice fields was 46.14, 43.05 and 42.32%, respectively, showing no differences. However, the number of parasitoids emerged from the traps placed in the rice field with refuge was higher (31.08 adults/trap) than the other two rice fields (25.67 and 20.71 adults/trap). In addition, the number of unhatched parasitoids was lower in the rice with refuge (5.9%) compared to no refuge (14.54%). These findings show that the refuge provides better environments for the parasitoid by improving the number of progeny produced which eventually could increase their role in managing N. lugens population.

Download Full-text

Effects of two climate change factors, elevated temperature and water stress, on the rice brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens(Stål)

10.1603/ice.2016.109878 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Ye Tan

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Stress ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Change Factors ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Download Full-text

Preliminary survey of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on different varieties of rice and its natural enemies in Central Thailand

Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.34044/j.anres.2019.53.4.12 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Preliminary Survey ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽

Central Thailand

Download Full-text

Heat Stress Impedes Development and Lowers Fecundity of the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0047413 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. e47413 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jiranan Piyaphongkul ◽

Jeremy Pritchard ◽

Jeff Bale

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Download Full-text

RNA interference-aided knockdown of a putative saccharopine dehydrogenase leads to abnormal ecdysis in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485315000231 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 390-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P.-J. Wan ◽

L. Yang ◽

S.-Y. Yuan ◽

Y.-H. Tang ◽

Q. Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brown Planthopper ◽

Transcript Level ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens ◽

The Body ◽

Double Stranded Rna ◽

Saccharopine Dehydrogenase ◽

Body Weights ◽

Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽

Phloem Feeding ◽

Wing Deformation

AbstractThe brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is a serious phloem-feeding pest of rice in China. The current study focuses on a saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) that catalyzes the penultimate reaction in biosynthesis of the amino acid lysine (Lys), which plays a role in insect growth and carnitine production (as a substrate). The protein, provisionally designated as NlylsSDH [a SDH derived from yeast-like symbiont (YLS) in N. lugens], had a higher transcript level in abdomens, compared with heads, wings, legs and thoraces, which agrees with YLS distribution in N. lugens. Ingestion of Nlylssdh targeted double-stranded RNA (dsNlylssdh) for 5, 10 and 15 days decreased the mRNA abundance in the hoppers by 47, 70 and 31%, respectively, comparing with those ingesting normal or dsegfp diets. Nlylssdh knockdown slightly decreased the body weights, significantly delayed the development of females, and killed approximately 30% of the nymphs. Moreover, some surviving adults showed two apparent phenotypic defects: wing deformation and nymphal cuticles remained on tips of the legs and abdomens. The brachypterours/macropterours and sex ratios (female/male) of the adults on the dsRNA diet were lowered compared with the adults on diets without dsRNA. These results suggest that Nlylssdh encodes a functional SDH protein. The adverse effect of Nlylssdh knockdown on N. lugens implies the importance of Lys in hopper development. This study provides a proof of concept example that Nlylssdh could serve as a possible dsRNA-based pesticide for planthopper control.

Download Full-text