scholarly journals Effect of reduced nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrogen uptake and yield of spinach (Amaranthus spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Faridah Manaf ◽  
Roslan Ismail ◽  
Arina Shairah Abdul Sukor
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
N Input ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Amaranthus Spp ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate have beneficial effect on N uptake by plants. Studies on reducing N rate in sweet potato and beetroot to improve their growth and yield are well documented but the effect of decreased N rate on N uptake by leafy vegetables are limited. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different N rate on N uptake of green spinach. Treatments evaluated were (i) soil alone, and (ii) different N fertilizer rate (12, 24, 36, 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha). Treatments were applied at 14 days after seeding (DAS) at a uniform rate of 2 t/ha. Results revealed that moderate N input between 12 to 36 kg N/ha improved N uptake and yield of spinach compared with lower rate of N input (0 to 12 kg N/ha) but higher N level of 90 kg N/ha was most effective in improving N uptake and fresh yield. The effectiveness of N input at 90 kg N/ha corresponded to the optimum retention of soil N resulting in timely availability of N for uptake by spinach leading to higher yield. Although treatment with excess N (120 kg N/ha) improved N uptake, the decline in yield was because of soil nutrient imbalance that inhibited other nutrients required by plants for growth and development. The findings from the study suggest that reducing N fertilizer rate improves N uptake in leafy vegetables without reducing productivity depending on their specific N requirement.

No-tillage culture and nitrogen fertilizer management for burley tobacco production

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ZOU ◽  
R. C. PEARCE ◽  
J. H. GROVE ◽  
M. S. COYNE
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

SUMMARYFew studies have investigated nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in no-tillage (NT) tobacco (Nicotiana tobacumL.) production systems, even though N fertilization is known to influence tobacco cured leaf yield and quality. The present study evaluated how tillage practice and N fertilizer rate affected burley tobacco agronomic performance, plant available nitrogen (PAN) supply, and leaf chemical constituents. In 2012 and 2013, three N fertilizer rates (0, 140 and 280 kg N/ha) were introduced as split-plots within a long-term NT and conventional tillage (CT) (mouldboard plough) comparison study. Results (2007–2013) showed that the effect of tillage on tobacco yield depended on seasonal weather; NT tobacco appeared to have lower yield than CT tobacco in seasons with <450 mm growing season rainfall, but similar yields when rainfall was >500 mm. In 2012 (432 mm rainfall; 84% of the long-term seasonal mean), leaf SPAD reading, leaf nitrate concentration, total nitrogen concentration at the topping day (i.e. removal of flowers/buds at the tops of the plants) and cured leaf nicotine and alkaloid content suggested that N deficiency was more pronounced in NT than CT at the lowest N fertilizer rate. The PAN supply, as measured by a modifiedin situresin core method, was similar in 2012 between NT and CT, suggesting that plant factors may have had a role in N uptake efficiency. This scenario did not repeat in 2013 (706 mm rainfall; 137% of the long-term seasonal mean). Even though N fertilization rates were identical for both tillage practices in 2012 and 2013, PAN was lower, on average, in 2012. Because N uptake is largely the result of mass flow, the impact of reduced root density in NT tobacco would be expected to be more pronounced in a season such as 2012, when water was limited. Banding N close to the tobacco root system and/or side-dressing some portion of N may be recommended strategies to improve N use efficiency in NT burley tobacco production.

Nitrogen management of fallow crops in Canadian prairie soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389-1401
Author(s):  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
D. C. James ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Karamanos, R. E., Selles, F., James, D. C. and Stevenson, F. C. 2012. Nitrogen management of fallow crops in Canadian prairie soils. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1389–1401. The ability of fallow to supply nitrogen (N) to crops has been questioned, particularly for crops with greater N requirements. A study was conducted to determine canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) responses to a range of N fertilizer rates (0–75 kg N ha−1 for canola and 0–50 kg N ha−1 for wheat) at 17 fallow sites across Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, from 2003 to 2005. Yield and N uptake responses to progressively greater N fertilizer rates were curvilinear for both crops. Maximum yield occurred with 76 kg N ha−1 for canola yield (2190 kg ha−1) and 47 kg N ha−1 for wheat (2910 kg ha−1). Maximum N uptake occurred at about 90 kg N ha−1 for both crops. Wheat grain yield and N uptake responses were mostly associated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at anthesis or flag leaf, whereas canola yields and N uptake were most associated with NDVI at five-leaf or bolting, or Cardy Nitrate meter at bolting. The preceding relationships were most apparent at the highest N fertilizer rates. Canola and wheat water use were not affected by N fertilizer rate, but water use efficiency increased linearly for both crops as N fertilizer rate was increased.

scholarly journals Nitrogen effects in sugar beet growing: a module for decision support

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-408
Author(s):  
A.B. Smit ◽  
P.C. Struik ◽  
J.H. Van Niejenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Production Model ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

PIEteR, a field-specific production model for sugarbeet in the Netherlands, is described. The model was developed as a basis for decision support, for example in determining N fertilizer requirements. Root and sugar yields, sugar content, (K + Na) and alpha -amino-N contents, extractability index, operating receipts (a measure for financial returns) and residual nitrogen in leaves are modelled as function of N availability, defined as (N-fertilizer rate + Nmin, 0-60 cm (soil, February)), and included in PIEteR as a so-called 'N-module'. Analysis of experimental data showed that root and sugar yield were optimal at 240 and 200 kg N ha-1, respectively. Sugar content and extractability index decreased, and (K + Na) and alpha -amino-N contents and fresh leaf yield increased with increasing N-availability. The operating receipts were optimal with 180 kg ha-1, or with a nitrogen fertilizer rate of 130 kg ha-1, assuming an Nmin-amount in soil in February of 50 kg ha-1. The results of the analysis were the basis for the functions in the N-module. In an independent test on data of 100 fields, the prediction errors for root and sugar yields and financial results decreased by about 2% and the explained variances increased by about 15% by including the N-module.

Yield response of forage grasses to N fertilizer as related to spring soil nitrate sorbed on anionic exchange membranes

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ziadi ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
G. Allard ◽  
G. Parent
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Anionic Exchange ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Soil N availability is an important factor in forage grass production. Maximising N fertilizer efficiency is essential to improve profitability and to reduce the environmental risk associated with residual excess soil N. The objectives of this study were (i): to determine the effects of N fertilizer on yield, N uptake and NO3–N concentration of forage grasses produced in Western Quebec; and (ii) to compare spring soil NO3−measured by anionic exchange membranes (NO3AEMs) and by water extraction (NO3w) as a criterion to predict fertilizer N requirements of forage grasses. The yield response of grasses, especially timothy (Phleum pratense L.), to different rates of NH4NO3 (0 to 240 kg N ha−1) on heavy clay soils (Humic Gleysols) was studied from 1994 to 1996 at four sites in the Abitibi-Temiscamingue area, Quebec (Canada). Nitrogen significantly (P < 0.001) increased forage yield, N uptake, and NO3–N concentration. The economically optimum N fertilizer rate (Nop) for forage yield varied from 25 to 240 kg N ha−1 depending on sites and years, and averaged 125 kg N ha−1. The Nop can be predicted more adequately by NO3AEMs (R2 = 0.45) than by NO3w (R2 = 0.09). Based only on the relationship between the relative yield and spring soil nitrate, NO3AEMs could be used as a criterion for fertilizer N recommendation of forage grasses in this cool continental climate. Key words: N fertilizer, nitrate, grass, economically optimum N fertilizer rate

scholarly journals Corralling, planting density, and N fertilizer rate effect on soil properties, weed diversity, and maize yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Abdul Rahman ◽  
Asamoah Larbi ◽  
Andrews Opoku ◽  
Francis Marthy Tetteh ◽  
Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

An integrative influence of saline water irrigation and fertilization on the structure of soil bacterial communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 693-700
Author(s):  
L. J. Chen ◽  
C. S. Li ◽  
Q. Feng ◽  
Y. P. Wei ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have investigated the individual effects of salinity, irrigation and fertilization on soil microbial communities, relatively less attention has been paid to their combined influences, especially using molecular techniques. Based on the field of orthogonal designed test and deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing technology, the effects of saline water irrigation amount, salinity level of irrigation water and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate on soil bacterial community structure were investigated. The results showed that the irrigation amount was the most dominant factor in determining the bacterial richness and diversity, followed by the irrigation water salinity and N fertilizer rate. The values of Chao1 estimator, abundance-based coverage estimator and Shannon indices decreased with an increase in irrigation amount while increased and then decreased with an increase in irrigation water salinity and N fertilizer rate. The highest soil bacterial richness and diversity were obtained under the least irrigation amount (25 mm), medium irrigation water salinity (4.75 dS/m) and medium N fertilizer rate (350 kg/ha). However, different bacterial phyla were found to respond distinctively to these three factors: irrigation amount significantly affected the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi; irrigation water salinity mostly affected the members of Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria; and N fertilizer rate mainly influenced the Bacteroidetes' abundance. The results presented here revealed that the assessment of soil microbial processes under combined irrigation and fertilization treatments needed to be more careful as more variable consequences would be established by comparing with the influences based on an individual factor, such as irrigation amount or N fertilizer rate.

Optimum sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer rate for rice varieties under intermediate deepwater conditions (15–50 cm)

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sharma ◽  
M. D. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Crop Stand ◽  
Intermediate Deepwater ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Dwarf Type

SUMMARYIn an intermediate deepwater situation (15–50 cm) at Cuttack, India, three improved high-yielding rice varieties, Utkalprabha (semi-tall), CR 292–8051 (intermediate tall) and Gayatri (semi-dwarf) were sown on 20 May, 30 May and 10 June in 1988 and 1989 with an application of either 0, 20 or 40 kg N/ha at sowing. Tall varieties performed better than the dwarf type but grain yield decreased with delay in sowing. The early-sown crops (20–30 May) germinated with pre-monsoon rains and were established well before water accumulated in the field from mid-June onwards. The late-sown crops (10 June), despite good initial germination, could not withstand immediate waterlogging. The tall variety, Utkalprabha, elongated faster with rising water level and escaped complete submergence; whereas the semi-dwarf Gayatri failed to withstand such extreme excess water stress. Application of N fertilizer up to 40 kg/ha proved beneficial to the crops sown by the end of May. However, with crops sown on 10 June, the application of N could not compensate for the loss in yield due to an inadequate initial crop stand. Therefore, early sowing of tall varieties by the end of May along with a basal application of N fertilizer is recommended for higher productivity of rice under excess water conditions.

scholarly journals Fertilization Rate and Growth of `Hamlin' Orange Trees Related to Preplant Leaf Nitrogen Levels in the Nursery

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 613e-614
Author(s):  
Laura Guazzelli ◽  
Frederick S. Davies ◽  
James J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Leaf N

Our objectives were to determine if leaf N concentration in citrus nursery trees affected subsequent growth responses to fertilization for the first 2 years after planting and how N fertilizer rate affected soil nitrate-N concentration. `Hamlin' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees on `Swingle' citrumelo rootstock [C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.] were purchased from commercial nurseries and grown in the greenhouse at differing N rates. Three to five months later trees were separated into three groups (low, medium, high) based on leaf N concentration and planted in the field in Oct. 1992 (Expt. 1) or Apr. 1993 (Expt. 2). Trees were fertilized with granular material (8N–2.6P–6.6K) with N at 0 to 0.34 kg/tree yearly. Soil nitrate-N levels were also determined in Expt. 2. Preplant leaf N concentration in the nursery varied from 1.4% to 4.1% but had no effect on trunk diameter, height, shoot growth, and number or dry weight in year 1 (Expt. 1) or years 1 and 2 (Expt. 2) in the field. Similarly, N fertilizer rate had no effect on growth during year 1 in the field. However, trunk diameter increased with increasing N rate in year 2 and reached a maximum with N at 0.17 kg/tree yearly. Shoot number during the second growth flush in year 2 was much lower for nonfertilized vs. fertilized trees. Leaf N concentrations increased during the season for trees with initially low levels even for trees receiving low fertilizer rates. Soil nitrate-N levels were highest at the 0.34-kg rate, and lowest at the 0.11-kg rate. Nitrate-N levels decreased rapidly in the root zone within 2 to 3 weeks of fertilizing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Poultry Litter and Organic Fertilizer Rate and Source for Production of Organic Short-day Onions

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Boyhan ◽  
Ray J. Hicks ◽  
Reid L. Torrance ◽  
Cliff M. Riner ◽  
C. Randell Hill
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

In a 3-year study of poultry litter applications on short-day onion (Allium cepa) production, where rates ranged from 0 to 10 tons/acre, there was an increasing linear effect on total onion yield. Jumbo (≥3 inches diameter) onion yield did not differ with increasing poultry application rates, while medium (≥2 and <3 inches diameter) yields decreased with increasing applications of poultry litter. In addition, organic-compliant fertilizers, 4N–0.9P–2.5K at 150 to 250 lb/acre nitrogen (N), as well as 13N–0P–0K at 150 lb/acre N and in combination with 9N–0P–7.5K totaling 150 lb/acre N were evaluated. Comparison of these commercial organic-compliant fertilizers indicated that there were no differences in total or jumbo yields, while medium yields generally decreased with increased N fertilizer rate.

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