Yield response of forage grasses to N fertilizer as related to spring soil nitrate sorbed on anionic exchange membranes

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ziadi ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
G. Allard ◽  
G. Parent
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Anionic Exchange ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Soil N availability is an important factor in forage grass production. Maximising N fertilizer efficiency is essential to improve profitability and to reduce the environmental risk associated with residual excess soil N. The objectives of this study were (i): to determine the effects of N fertilizer on yield, N uptake and NO3–N concentration of forage grasses produced in Western Quebec; and (ii) to compare spring soil NO3−measured by anionic exchange membranes (NO3AEMs) and by water extraction (NO3w) as a criterion to predict fertilizer N requirements of forage grasses. The yield response of grasses, especially timothy (Phleum pratense L.), to different rates of NH4NO3 (0 to 240 kg N ha−1) on heavy clay soils (Humic Gleysols) was studied from 1994 to 1996 at four sites in the Abitibi-Temiscamingue area, Quebec (Canada). Nitrogen significantly (P < 0.001) increased forage yield, N uptake, and NO3–N concentration. The economically optimum N fertilizer rate (Nop) for forage yield varied from 25 to 240 kg N ha−1 depending on sites and years, and averaged 125 kg N ha−1. The Nop can be predicted more adequately by NO3AEMs (R2 = 0.45) than by NO3w (R2 = 0.09). Based only on the relationship between the relative yield and spring soil nitrate, NO3AEMs could be used as a criterion for fertilizer N recommendation of forage grasses in this cool continental climate. Key words: N fertilizer, nitrate, grass, economically optimum N fertilizer rate

scholarly journals Fertilization Rate and Growth of `Hamlin' Orange Trees Related to Preplant Leaf Nitrogen Levels in the Nursery

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 613e-614
Author(s):  
Laura Guazzelli ◽  
Frederick S. Davies ◽  
James J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Leaf N

Our objectives were to determine if leaf N concentration in citrus nursery trees affected subsequent growth responses to fertilization for the first 2 years after planting and how N fertilizer rate affected soil nitrate-N concentration. `Hamlin' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees on `Swingle' citrumelo rootstock [C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.] were purchased from commercial nurseries and grown in the greenhouse at differing N rates. Three to five months later trees were separated into three groups (low, medium, high) based on leaf N concentration and planted in the field in Oct. 1992 (Expt. 1) or Apr. 1993 (Expt. 2). Trees were fertilized with granular material (8N–2.6P–6.6K) with N at 0 to 0.34 kg/tree yearly. Soil nitrate-N levels were also determined in Expt. 2. Preplant leaf N concentration in the nursery varied from 1.4% to 4.1% but had no effect on trunk diameter, height, shoot growth, and number or dry weight in year 1 (Expt. 1) or years 1 and 2 (Expt. 2) in the field. Similarly, N fertilizer rate had no effect on growth during year 1 in the field. However, trunk diameter increased with increasing N rate in year 2 and reached a maximum with N at 0.17 kg/tree yearly. Shoot number during the second growth flush in year 2 was much lower for nonfertilized vs. fertilized trees. Leaf N concentrations increased during the season for trees with initially low levels even for trees receiving low fertilizer rates. Soil nitrate-N levels were highest at the 0.34-kg rate, and lowest at the 0.11-kg rate. Nitrate-N levels decreased rapidly in the root zone within 2 to 3 weeks of fertilizing.

No-tillage culture and nitrogen fertilizer management for burley tobacco production

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ZOU ◽  
R. C. PEARCE ◽  
J. H. GROVE ◽  
M. S. COYNE
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

SUMMARYFew studies have investigated nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in no-tillage (NT) tobacco (Nicotiana tobacumL.) production systems, even though N fertilization is known to influence tobacco cured leaf yield and quality. The present study evaluated how tillage practice and N fertilizer rate affected burley tobacco agronomic performance, plant available nitrogen (PAN) supply, and leaf chemical constituents. In 2012 and 2013, three N fertilizer rates (0, 140 and 280 kg N/ha) were introduced as split-plots within a long-term NT and conventional tillage (CT) (mouldboard plough) comparison study. Results (2007–2013) showed that the effect of tillage on tobacco yield depended on seasonal weather; NT tobacco appeared to have lower yield than CT tobacco in seasons with <450 mm growing season rainfall, but similar yields when rainfall was >500 mm. In 2012 (432 mm rainfall; 84% of the long-term seasonal mean), leaf SPAD reading, leaf nitrate concentration, total nitrogen concentration at the topping day (i.e. removal of flowers/buds at the tops of the plants) and cured leaf nicotine and alkaloid content suggested that N deficiency was more pronounced in NT than CT at the lowest N fertilizer rate. The PAN supply, as measured by a modifiedin situresin core method, was similar in 2012 between NT and CT, suggesting that plant factors may have had a role in N uptake efficiency. This scenario did not repeat in 2013 (706 mm rainfall; 137% of the long-term seasonal mean). Even though N fertilization rates were identical for both tillage practices in 2012 and 2013, PAN was lower, on average, in 2012. Because N uptake is largely the result of mass flow, the impact of reduced root density in NT tobacco would be expected to be more pronounced in a season such as 2012, when water was limited. Banding N close to the tobacco root system and/or side-dressing some portion of N may be recommended strategies to improve N use efficiency in NT burley tobacco production.

Nitrogen management of fallow crops in Canadian prairie soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389-1401
Author(s):  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
D. C. James ◽  
F. C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Karamanos, R. E., Selles, F., James, D. C. and Stevenson, F. C. 2012. Nitrogen management of fallow crops in Canadian prairie soils. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1389–1401. The ability of fallow to supply nitrogen (N) to crops has been questioned, particularly for crops with greater N requirements. A study was conducted to determine canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) responses to a range of N fertilizer rates (0–75 kg N ha−1 for canola and 0–50 kg N ha−1 for wheat) at 17 fallow sites across Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, from 2003 to 2005. Yield and N uptake responses to progressively greater N fertilizer rates were curvilinear for both crops. Maximum yield occurred with 76 kg N ha−1 for canola yield (2190 kg ha−1) and 47 kg N ha−1 for wheat (2910 kg ha−1). Maximum N uptake occurred at about 90 kg N ha−1 for both crops. Wheat grain yield and N uptake responses were mostly associated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at anthesis or flag leaf, whereas canola yields and N uptake were most associated with NDVI at five-leaf or bolting, or Cardy Nitrate meter at bolting. The preceding relationships were most apparent at the highest N fertilizer rates. Canola and wheat water use were not affected by N fertilizer rate, but water use efficiency increased linearly for both crops as N fertilizer rate was increased.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer residues on the response of irrigated bromegrass to fertilizer nitrogen

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
A. J. Leyshon ◽  
C. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
N Rates

Two nitrogen (N) fertilizer response trials were superimposed, in 2 consecutive years, on a set of large plots of irrigated bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) that had been fertilized with different rates of fertilizer N up to 200 kg ha−1 for the previous 9 and 10 yr, respectively. During those years, forage dry matter responded in direct proportion to fertilizer N rate. In the subsequent two trials we determined the residual effects of the prior fertilizer treatments on the response of bromegrass to new applications of N fertilizer, and the N rate required to achieve maximum yields. The yield response of the bromegrass to the applied N was a function of prior fertilizer history and the moisture conditions. In the first trial, under good moisture conditions, the previously unfertilized plots had maximum yields at a N rate of 382 kg N ha−1; yields declined at higher rates. Responses of previously fertilized plots to additional N were linear. The y-intercepts (where no N was applied) were higher for plots that had been fertilized at higher N rates in the initial 9-yr study while the slopes of the yield responses were less steep. In contrast, in the second trial, conducted in a year when irrigation water was restricted, all forage yield responses to N fertilizer were curvilinear, Y-intercepts were again higher on plots that had been fertilized at higher N rates in previous years. In this case, however, the slopes of the N responses became progressively steeper with increasing N rate while increasingly larger quadratic coefficients resulted in maximum yields being attained at progressively lower N rates. Nevertheless, maximum yields were higher than those of the previously unfertilized plots. Changes in the response curves were attributed to alterations in the soil organic N and to a lesser extent, to changes in the capability of the bromegrass to respond to fertilizer N. Soil tests found no carry-over of fertilizer N as residual inorganic N but the initial potential rate of mineralization (N0k) reflected changes in the quality of soil organic matter influencing the response to N fertilizer applications. The results suggest the need for soil testing laboratories to take into account the prior fertilizer history of the grass stand when developing recommended N fertilizer rates for irrigated bromegrass. Key words: Bromegrass, N fertilization, residual N, mineralizable N

scholarly journals Effect of reduced nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrogen uptake and yield of spinach (Amaranthus spp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Faridah Manaf ◽  
Roslan Ismail ◽  
Arina Shairah Abdul Sukor
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
N Input ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Amaranthus Spp ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate have beneficial effect on N uptake by plants. Studies on reducing N rate in sweet potato and beetroot to improve their growth and yield are well documented but the effect of decreased N rate on N uptake by leafy vegetables are limited. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different N rate on N uptake of green spinach. Treatments evaluated were (i) soil alone, and (ii) different N fertilizer rate (12, 24, 36, 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha). Treatments were applied at 14 days after seeding (DAS) at a uniform rate of 2 t/ha. Results revealed that moderate N input between 12 to 36 kg N/ha improved N uptake and yield of spinach compared with lower rate of N input (0 to 12 kg N/ha) but higher N level of 90 kg N/ha was most effective in improving N uptake and fresh yield. The effectiveness of N input at 90 kg N/ha corresponded to the optimum retention of soil N resulting in timely availability of N for uptake by spinach leading to higher yield. Although treatment with excess N (120 kg N/ha) improved N uptake, the decline in yield was because of soil nutrient imbalance that inhibited other nutrients required by plants for growth and development. The findings from the study suggest that reducing N fertilizer rate improves N uptake in leafy vegetables without reducing productivity depending on their specific N requirement.

scholarly journals Rotational Cropping Sequence Affects Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirements in Processing Pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
John M. Swiader ◽  
William H. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

Field experiments were conducted over a 5-year period (1994-98) to determine the effect of various cropping systems (rotations) on fertilizer N requirements in processing pumpkins [Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.] on medium- to fine-textured soil. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of five N fertilization rates (0, 56, 112, 168, 224 kg·ha-1 N) and four pumpkin cropping systems: 1) pumpkins following corn (Zea mays L.); 2) pumpkins following soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]; 3) pumpkins following 2-years corn; and 4) pumpkins following fallow ground. Cropping systems were chronologically and spatially arranged in two complete cycles, with pumpkin studies taking place in 1996 and 1998. Averaged over the two studies, the optimal N fertilization rate for highest total weight of ripe fruit following soybeans was estimated at 109 kg·ha-1 N, compared to 128 kg·ha-1 N following fallow ground, even though yields were similar, suggesting a soybean N-credit of 19 kg·ha-1 N. Concurrently, the N fertilizer rate for highest total ripe fruit weight following corn was estimated at 151 kg·ha-1 N, and 178 kg·ha-1 following 2-years corn, indicating a negative rotation effect on pumpkin N requirements of 23 and 50 kg·ha-1 N, respectively. Minimum N fertilizer requirements, the N fertilizer rate associated with a ripe fruit yield of 50 t·ha-1, were calculated at 45, 37, 69, and 47 kg·ha-1 N in the respective cropping systems. Negative effects from excessive N fertilization were greater in pumpkins following soybeans than in pumpkins following corn or 2-years corn, with reductions in total ripe fruit weight of 21%, 9%, and 3%, respectively, at the highest N rate. A critical level for preplant soil NO 3-N of 17.6 mg·kg-1 was identified above which there was little or no pumpkin yield response to N fertilization.

scholarly journals Corralling, planting density, and N fertilizer rate effect on soil properties, weed diversity, and maize yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Abdul Rahman ◽  
Asamoah Larbi ◽  
Andrews Opoku ◽  
Francis Marthy Tetteh ◽  
Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZER N AND SOIL NITRATE AT VARIOUS DEPTHS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOFT WHITE WHEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CAREFOOT ◽  
T. ENTZ ◽  
J. B. BOLE
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Levels

Soft white wheat was grown on a clay loam soil for 2 yr with a wide range of soil nitrate (SN) (70–280 kg ha−1) and fertilizer nitrogen (FN) (0–400 kg ha−1) treatments The field experiment was designed to determine the slopes of the yield response curves to FN (δy/δFN) and to SN (δy/δSN), to determine how the ratio of (δy/δSN)/(δy/δFN), or marginal rate of substitution, is affected by FN, SN, and depth of SN and to determine if refinements to the current FN recommendations for irrigated soft white wheat are required. The δy/δFN values in both years were high at low levels of FN and SN but declined as FN and SN increased. The δy/δSN in 1985 when most SN was situated in the 0- to 30-cm soil layer was initially high (26.0) at low levels of SN but rapidly declined as SN increased. The δy/δSN in 1986, when most SN was situated in the 30- to 120-cm soil layer, was intially low (6.0) but increased as SN increased. Since the δy/δFN and δy/δSN values were sensitive to changes in FN and SN as well as the depth of SN the MRS values were variable in both years. The δy/δSN increased as SN increased when SN was situated in the 30- to 120-cm soil layer so there was only a small effect of depth of SN on FN recommendations. The FN at maximum profit occurred at a greater combined amount of SN and FN for the higher SN levels in both years. This preliminary field study suggested that fertilizer N recommendations could be improved by using an equation for predicting FN that considers a variable yield response to FN and SN, an interactive effect of FN and SN on yield, and an effect of depth of SN on yield. Key words: Soil nitrate, fertilizer nitrogen, soft white wheat, soil test N

An integrative influence of saline water irrigation and fertilization on the structure of soil bacterial communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 693-700
Author(s):  
L. J. Chen ◽  
C. S. Li ◽  
Q. Feng ◽  
Y. P. Wei ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have investigated the individual effects of salinity, irrigation and fertilization on soil microbial communities, relatively less attention has been paid to their combined influences, especially using molecular techniques. Based on the field of orthogonal designed test and deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing technology, the effects of saline water irrigation amount, salinity level of irrigation water and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate on soil bacterial community structure were investigated. The results showed that the irrigation amount was the most dominant factor in determining the bacterial richness and diversity, followed by the irrigation water salinity and N fertilizer rate. The values of Chao1 estimator, abundance-based coverage estimator and Shannon indices decreased with an increase in irrigation amount while increased and then decreased with an increase in irrigation water salinity and N fertilizer rate. The highest soil bacterial richness and diversity were obtained under the least irrigation amount (25 mm), medium irrigation water salinity (4.75 dS/m) and medium N fertilizer rate (350 kg/ha). However, different bacterial phyla were found to respond distinctively to these three factors: irrigation amount significantly affected the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi; irrigation water salinity mostly affected the members of Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria; and N fertilizer rate mainly influenced the Bacteroidetes' abundance. The results presented here revealed that the assessment of soil microbial processes under combined irrigation and fertilization treatments needed to be more careful as more variable consequences would be established by comparing with the influences based on an individual factor, such as irrigation amount or N fertilizer rate.

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