Cork-wine interaction studies: liquid absorption and non-volatile compound migration

Aims: To provide a better knowledge of cork-wine interaction, focussing on absorption of liquid by the cork stopper and overall migration of non-volatile compounds from the cork-stopper to liquid.Methods and results: Natural cork stoppers and 1+1 technical cork stoppers (agglomerate cork body ended with natural cork washers), with and without surface treatment, were used to close bottles filled with 12 % v/v ethanolic solution and removed after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of contact. Mean and limit values of absorption and overall migration at each time are used to compare treated and non-treated stoppers. Variation of absorption with contact time was studied by adjusting the ABSORPTION = a · Ãt model (R2: 0.8572 - 0.9756).Conclusion: Most of the overall migration is due to natural components of cork. Contact time and type of cork stopper are the factors responsible for the greatest variability. Surface treatment increases overall migration (2 mg/stopper) and reduces liquid absorption (more than 10 %).Significance and impact of the study: The results show how a correct characterization of stopper and surface treatment is needed to predict the evolution of cork-wine interaction.

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Characterization of Atypical Off-Flavor Compounds in Natural Cork Stoppers by Multidimensional Gas Chromatographic Techniques

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02793 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (35) ◽

pp. 7840-7848 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Petra Slabizki ◽

Claus Fischer ◽

Charlotte Legrum ◽

Hans-Georg Schmarr

Keyword(s):

Flavor Compounds ◽

Chromatographic Techniques ◽

Natural Cork ◽

Cork Stoppers

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Optimum cork stopper diameter for a proper wine sealing performance when modifying bottleneck diameter: a first approach

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2020291-15829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. eSC02

Author(s):

Mariola Sánchez-González ◽

Florentino González-Hernández ◽

Cristina Prades

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Cork Stopper ◽

Compression Rate ◽

Compression Force ◽

Forest Owners ◽

Sealing Performance ◽

Force Relaxation ◽

Natural Cork ◽

Relaxation Force ◽

Cork Stoppers

Aim of study: This study present a theoretical model that allow establishing the proper relationship between forces and diameters that take part in sealing for ensuring an adequate closure during storage time, and obtained the optimum stopper diameter for a proper sealing performance when modifying bottleneck diameter.Area of study: The proposed model is of interested to the whole cork value chain from forest owners to natural cork stoppers manufacturers.Material and methods: The optimum cork stopper diameter depends mainly on stopper quality and the compression rate applied in the bottling operation. In this study, we establish the stopper diameter when reducing bottleneck diameter, applying a compression rate of 33% when corking, and for natural cork stoppers which quality allows to recover its initial diameter to 96% after 24 h since compression.Main results: For a bottleneck diameter of 18 mm, the value of the stopper diameter should be at least of 22.3 mm, and for a bottleneck diameter of 17 mm, the value of the stopper diameter should be at least of 20.3 mm.Research highlights: These results try to solve one of the main worries of natural cork stopper manufacturers, which is the scarcity of raw cork suitable for manufacturing them. However this study is also of interested to forest owners because the increment of cork suitable for natural cork stoppers manufacturing means an increment in cork value.Key words: bottling; corking; compression force; compression rate; diameter recovery; relaxation force; relaxation ratio.Abbreviations used: Ds (Cork Stopper Diameter); Dg (Caliper Diameter the Corking Machine); Db (Bottleneck Diameter); Dr (Recovered Diameter); Fc (Compression Force); Fr (Relaxation Force); CR (Compression Rate); RR (Relaxation Ratio); RD (Diameter Recovery).

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Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9020217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Marin Ugrina ◽

Martin Gaberšek ◽

Aleksandra Daković ◽

Ivona Nuić

Keyword(s):

Chemical Modification ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Natural Zeolite ◽

Contact Time ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

X Ray ◽

Solid Liquid

Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

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Compositional, structural, and surface characterization of heat-treated halloysite samples: Influence of surface treatment on photochemical activity

Applied Clay Science ◽

10.1016/j.clay.2021.106222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 212 ◽

pp. 106222

Author(s):

Balázs Zsirka ◽

Veronika Vágvölgyi ◽

Katalin Győrfi ◽

Erzsébet Horváth ◽

Róbert K. Szilágyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Surface Characterization ◽

Photochemical Activity ◽

Heat Treated

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Morphological, structural, and interfacial changes produced in composites on the basis of polypropylene and surface-treated sepiolite with organic acids I. Surface treatment and characterization of the sepiolites

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.1986.070310732 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 2351-2359 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. L. Acosta ◽

M. C. Ojeda ◽

E. Morales ◽

A. Linares

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Surface Treatment

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Surface Treatment and Characterization of Indium–Tin-Oxide Thin Films Modified Using Cyclonic Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.7567/jjap.52.05eb01 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (5S2) ◽

pp. 05EB01

Author(s):

Ching-Yuan Tsai ◽

Chun Huang

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Tin Oxide ◽

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽

Oxide Thin Films ◽

Pressure Plasma

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Design, simulation and characterization of a MEMS inertia switch with flexible CNTs/Cu composite array layer between electrodes for prolonging contact time

Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering ◽

10.1088/0960-1317/25/8/085012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 085012 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yang Wang ◽

Zhuoqing Yang ◽

Qiu Xu ◽

Wenguo Chen ◽

Guifu Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Time

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The versatility of the Bristow absorption tester – a review

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.1515/npprj-2018-3040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 279-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sami-Seppo Ovaska ◽

Kaj Backfolk

Keyword(s):

Special Focus ◽

Print Quality ◽

Substrate Roughness ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

Liquid Absorption ◽

Short Time ◽

Printing Processes

Abstract This paper reviews the use of the Bristow Absorption Tester (known also as the Bristow wheel) in the characterization of fiber-based substrates. The Bristow wheel is a laboratory-scale instrument that has been designed for studying substrate wettability and dynamic liquid absorption properties in short time intervals, which are important in many converting and printing processes of paper and paperboard. The tester also gives information about substrate roughness. The Bristow wheel has shown great usefulness in predicting print quality especially in inkjet applications, in which a good correlation between print quality (letter area) and ink penetration rate has been found by several researchers. The apparatus is particularly useful in dynamic wetting studies, but it has also been successfully used in numerous other research purposes such as the determination of the degree of sizing, evaluation of material glueability, and various coatability studies. Modifications of both the testing principle and the tester structure have also been reported. These include e. g. equipping the apparatus with a corona unit that makes it possible to mimic a printing process on a relevant time-scale. This review summarizes the reported applications of Bristow wheel with a special focus on tester performance and versatility.

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