scholarly journals Free Fatty Acid Concentration and Carboxy methyl cellulase Activity of Some Formulas of Protected Fat-proteins Tested In Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Lilis Hartati ◽  
Ali Agus ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Second Stage

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of free fatty acids and carboxymethylcellulase activity (cmc-ase) activity of some protected fat-proteins base on in vitro Tilley and Terry method. Two sources of fat, i.e. crude palm oil and fish oil and three sources of protein i.e. skim milk, soybean flour and soybean meal were used in the formulation of protected fat-protein, and thus there were six treatment combinations. The filtrate from the in vitro test was analyzed for the levels of free fatty acids and  cmcase activity. The result of this research indicates that different combinations of feed materials and fat give different content of free fatty acid in first stage and second stage in vitro, with the best results in the combination treatment of skim milk and palm oil that give the lowest result of  free fatty acid concentration in fisrt stage in vitro (0.168%) and the highest result free fatty acid concentration in second stage in vitro ( 4.312%) . The activity of CMC-ase was not influenced by different  sources of fat and protein. It can be concluded was that the protection of the combination between skim milk and CPO gives the highest protection results.

scholarly journals The influence of melatonin on the production of free fatty acids by liver tissue in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
F. A. Müller ◽  
J. M. C. Oosthuizen ◽  
I. Reyneke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Stimulation Of

The separate and combined addition of insulin and melatonin to incubated liver slices produced an increase in the free fatty acid concentration in medium after incubation. Compared to insulin the addition of melatonin produced a more dramatic increase in medium free fatty acid concentration. The combined addition of insulin and melatonin have an additive effect on liver tissue in the production of free fatty acids. The increase in the free fatty acid concentration in incubation media is probably caused by stimulation of intracellular lipolysis by melatonin.

Effects of cell density on in vitro glucose metabolism by isolated adipocytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. E361-E366 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Digirolamo ◽  
S. V. Thacker ◽  
S. K. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Cell Concentrations

We studied the effect of variable isolated fat cell concentrations (from 0.17 to 1.25 x 10(6) cells/ml) on rate and pattern of basal and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism by rat epididymal fat cells. Cell concentration did not affect total glucose utilization, but high cell concentrations increased the absolute and relative conversion of glucose to CO2 and glyceride-fatty acids by two- to threefold and decreased the conversion to lactate, pyruvate, and glyceride-glycerol when compared with values observed at low cell concentration. When effects of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and N-6(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA) were examined, addition of ADA to incubated cells produced no significant changes in the rate or pattern of adipocyte glucose metabolism; PIA had a slight and uniform effect on the conversion of glucose to its metabolic products and minimal effect on insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism. Medium free fatty acid concentration did not change during the incubation at various cell density, but intracellular free fatty acids were found to be inversely related to fat cell density in the medium. Thus a variable fat cell density influences the pattern of adipocyte glucose metabolism in vitro. This effect may be due to variable rates of lipolysis and resulting changes in intracellular fatty acid concentration rather than to adenosine per se. This work has practical implications in the need to define cell density when carrying out in vitro measurements of adipocyte glucose conversion to products.

scholarly journals Exploiting Compositionally Similar Grape Marc Samples to Achieve Gradients of Condensed Tannin and Fatty Acids for Modulating In Vitro Methanogenesis

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Josh Hixson ◽  
Zoey Durmic ◽  
Joy Vadhanabhuti ◽  
Philip Vercoe ◽  
Paul Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Tannin Concentration

Ruminants produce large amounts of the greenhouse gas, methane, which can be reduced by supplementing feed with products that contain anti-methanogenic compounds, such as the solid winemaking by-product, grape marc. The aim of this study was to exploit compositional differences in grape marc to better understand the roles of condensed tannin and fatty acids in altering methanogenesis in a ruminant system. Grape marc samples varying in tannin extractability, tannin size and subunit composition, and fatty acid or tannin concentrations were selected and incubated in rumen fluid using an in vitro batch fermentation approach with a concentrate-based control. Four distinct experiments were designed to investigate the effects on overall fermentation and methane production. Generally, fatty acid concentration in grape marc was associated with decreased total gas volumes and volatile fatty acid concentration, whereas increased condensed tannin concentration tended to decrease methane percentage. Smaller, extractable tannin was more effective at reducing methane production, without decreasing overall gas production. In conclusion, fatty acids and tannin concentration, and tannin structure in grape marc play a significant role in the anti-methanogenic effect of this by-product when studied in vitro. These results should be considered when developing strategies to reduce methane in ruminants by feeding grape marc.

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