scholarly journals Kandungan Logam Berat dalam Sungai dan Tanah di Beberapa Wilayah Desa Hila, Kepulauan Romang – Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya

Jurnal Ecolab ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Bambang Hindratmo ◽  
◽  
Siti Masitoh ◽  
Retno Puji Lestari ◽  
Maulana Kusumawardhani
Keyword(s):  
Grab Sampling

Kecamatan Kepulauan Romang terletak di Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya dengan luas wilayah 280,94 km2 dan terdiri dari tiga wilayah yaitu Desa Jerusu, Desa Hila, dan Desa Solath. Topografi Kepulauan Romang terdiri dari pegunungan yang dikelilingi lautan, dengan sumber daya alam yang melimpah dari sektor kehutanan, pertanian, kelautan, dan potensi penambangan mineral. Area Desa Hila memiliki sumber daya alam mineral yang berharga, sehingga terjadi potensi eksplorasi dan pertambangan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat pada air dan tanah di beberapa wilayah pertambangan Desa Hila, Kepulauan Romang. Pengambilan contoh uji dilakukan pada 6-12 April 2017 menggunakan metode grab sampling dan komposit di 2 (dua) titik pengambilan air Sungai Hilmat dan Drill Camp, serta 9 (sembilan) titik contoh uji tanah. Hasil analisis air sungai menunjukkan bahwa parameter logam berat (Hg, Fe, Mn, Cu, As, Cd, Co, Ni, Au, dan Zn) berada di bawah baku mutu sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah PP No 82/2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan pengendalian pencemaran air pada lampiran untuk Kelas 1. Baku mutu masih mengacu pada peraturan yang lama karena kegiatan dilakukan sebelum dikeluarkannya PP No 22/2021. Logam dominan yang ditemukan dalam matriks tanah adalah Fe dengan konsentrasi berkisar antara 600-63900 mg/Kg. Fe merupakan mineral alamiah yang banyak terkandung di dalam tanah, kemudian disusul logam Mn, As, dan Cu dengan kisaran konsentrasi masing-masing yaitu 15-9491 mg/Kg, 10-1998 mg/Kg, dan 2,9-2978 mg/Kg.

Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Paparan Gelombang Ultrasonik dalam Mengurangi Jumlah Bakteri coliform pada Sampel Air Sungai Kahayan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neny Kurniawati, Kerelius, Sunariyati ◽  
Luqman Hakim, Dyah Ayu Pramoda Wardani, Widya Krestina ◽  
Dwi Tyas Setiawan, Ferry Purwanto, Diah K. Fatmala
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Grab Sampling

Abstrak – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu paparan gelombang ultrasonik terhadap pengurangan jumlah koloni bakteri coliform pada sampel air sungai Kahayan. Pengambilan sampel air sungai dilakukan dengan teknik Grab Sampling menggunakan alat Kemmerer Sampler. Sampel air yang didapatkan diberikan paparan gelombang ultrasonik secara langsung, tanpa merubah kondisi lingkungan awal. Waktu paparan divariasikan pada 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam dengan frekuensi 40 kHz untuk memperoleh data waktu optimum. Uji coliform dilakukan dengan metode MPN, dengan tahapan uji pendugaan, uji penegasan, dan perhitungan koloni. Hasil uji MPN 24 jam setelah paparan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ultrasonik sebagai antibateri dapat optimum ketika diberikan paparan dengan waktu 3 jam, dengan efisiensi  96%. Kata kunci: antibakteri, coliform, ultrasonik, water treatment, sungai Kahayan  Abstract – This study aims to examine the effect of ultrasonic wave exposure time on reducing the number of coliform bacterial colonies in the Kahayan river water samples. River water sampling is done using the Grab Sampling technique using the Kemmerer Sampler tool. The water samples obtained were given direct ultrasonic wave exposure, without changing the initial environmental conditions. The exposure time is varied in 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours with a frequency of 40 kHz to obtain optimum time data. Coliform test was carried out by the MPN method, with the stages of the estimation test, affirmation test, and colony calculation. The MPN test results 24 hours after exposure showed that the use of ultrasonic as an antibody can be optimum when given exposure with a time of 3 hours, with an efficiency of 96%.Keywords : antibakterial, coliform, ultrasonic, water treatment, Kahayan river

scholarly journals Two methods of assessing the mortality factors affecting the larvae and pupae of Cameraria ohridella in the leaves of Aesculus hippocastanum in Switzerland and Bulgaria

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Girardoz ◽  
R. Tomov ◽  
R. Eschen ◽  
D.L.J. Quicke ◽  
M. Kenis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Defence Reaction ◽  
Factors Affecting

AbstractThe horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella, is an invasive alien species defoliating horse-chestnut, a popular ornamental tree in Europe. This paper presents quantitative data on mortality factors affecting larvae and pupae of the leaf miner in Switzerland and Bulgaria, both in urban and forest environments. Two sampling methods were used and compared: a cohort method, consisting of the surveying of pre-selected mines throughout their development, and a grab sampling method, consisting of single sets of leaves collected and dissected at regular intervals. The total mortality per generation varied between 14 and 99%. Mortality was caused by a variety of factors, including parasitism, host feeding, predation by birds and arthropods, plant defence reaction, leaf senescence, intra-specific competition and inter-specific competition with a fungal disease. Significant interactions were found between mortality factors and sampling methods, countries, environments and generation. No mortality factor was dominant throughout the sites, generations and methods tested. Plant defence reactions constituted the main mortality factor for the first two larval stages, whereas predation by birds and arthropods and parasitism were more important in older larvae and pupae. Mortality caused by leaf senescence was often the dominant mortality factor in the last annual generation. The cohort method detected higher mortality rates than the grab sampling method. In particular, mortality by plant defence reaction and leaf senescence were better assessed using the cohort method, which is, therefore, recommended for life table studies on leaf miners.

scholarly journals Association of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria Screened from Wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Bikram Gautam ◽  
Rameshwar Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistant

Wastewater treatment plant is a potential reservoir contributing to the evolution and spread of heavy metal and antibiotic resistant bacteria. The pollutants such as biocides, antibiotics, heavy metals are to be feared for as they have been known to evoke resistance in microorganisms in such polluted environment. The aim of this study was to the isolate bacteria from the treated wastewater and assess the resistance pattern of the isolates against antibiotics and heavy metals. Grab sampling was performed from April to June 2017, from the treated effluent from the secondary treatment plant. To assess the resistance pattern for antibiotic(s) and heavy metal(s), antibiotic susceptibility test and minimum inhibitory concentration by cup well method were performed respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Salmonella Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. Multi drug and heavy metal resistant isolates were screened. Fisher’s exact test revealed that there is a significant association (p< 0.001) between antibiotic resistance pattern and resistance patterns at dilution of 2500 g/L (25%). Cramer’s V test revealed that the effect size of antibiotic resistance pattern and heavy metal resistance pattern at dilution 2500 g/L is medium. P. aeruginosa was able to resist the metal concentration up to 10000 g/L (100%) dilution of Fe++. Heavy metal resistant bacteria can be safely used to lower chemical concentration in the environment once their harmful genes are edited, knocked etc. so that risks of evoking antibiotic resistance could be minimized. 

scholarly journals Comparison of POCIS and grab sampling techniques for monitoring PPCPs in vernal pools in central Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
pp. 150607
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Hayden ◽  
Heather E. Preisendanz ◽  
Kyle R. Elkin ◽  
Laura B. Saleh ◽  
Jamie Weikel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vernal Pools ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Central Pennsylvania

scholarly journals Part 2: Odor-Cued Grab Sampling of Transient Environmental Odor Events; Mapping the 'Rolling Unmasking Effect' of Downwind Odor Dispersion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Wright ◽  
Jacek Koziel ◽  
David Parker ◽  
Anna Iwasinska
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Transient Event ◽  
Animal Feeding Operation ◽  
Straight Line

Downwind odor characteristics can be very different depending upon the size of the upwind point-source, interim topography, and wind conditions. At one extreme, the downwind odor plume from a relatively large, confined animal feeding operation (CAFO), located on a flat open plain and under stable, near-straight-line wind conditions can be rather broad, sustained and predictable relative to a fixed receptor site downwind. In contrast, the plume from a small point-source (e.g., a roof vent stack) located on irregular topography and under rapidly shifting wind conditions can be intermittent and fleeting. These transient odor events can be surprisingly intense and offensive, in spite of their fleeting occurrence and perception. This work reports on efforts to optimize an environmental odor sampling strategy, which is optimized for the challenges of (1) sampling of such transient odor 'spikes' and (2) the prioritization of odors/odorants from multiple, closely co-located point-sources, under such transient event conditions. Protocol refinement has emerged by way of 2 environmental odor assessment projects which have been undertaken on behalf of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. The challenge of transient odor events has been mitigated utilizing rapid, odor cued whole-air grab capture sampling into metalized-FEP gas sampling bags, followed by immediate adsorption transfer onto SPME fibers or sorbent tubes for stabilization during the shipment and storage interval between collection and final analysis. Initial results demonstrated approximately 11 fold increases in target odorant yields for 900 mL sorbent tube transfers from 2-3 second 'burst' odor event bag-captures, as compared to equivalent direct collections at the same downwind receptor location but during perceived (stable) odor 'lull' periods. Results-to-date targeting refinement and field trials of this integrated environmental odor assessment strategy are presented. Preliminary application targeting general odor sampling and point-source differentiation utilizing tracer gases is also presented.

Physiochemical characterization and energy contents of novel corn ethanol co-product streams, with and without inclusion of a multi-carbohydrase enzyme blend, for growing pigs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Melanie Boucher ◽  
Cuilan Zhu ◽  
Sheena Holt ◽  
Lee-Anne Huber
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Distillers Grain

The physiochemical properties and digestible, metabolizable, and predicted net energy contents in high-protein dried distillers’ grain (HiPro) were determined to assess the nutritive value for growing pigs. Twelve Yorkshire × Landrace barrows (initial body weight 25 ± 0.5 kg) were used in a partially replicated Latin square design over three periods (n = 7 or 8) and assigned to one of five experimental diets. In each period, pigs were adapted to diets for 7 d, followed by 5 d of total urine collection and fecal grab sampling. The experimental diets included a corn- and soybean-meal-based diet (CON) or diets containing dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) or HiPro to partially replace corn and soybean meal, without or with (i.e., DDGS+ and Hipro+) a multi-carbohydrase enzyme blend (0.05% inclusion). The HiPro ingredient contained half as much starch (2.6% vs. 5.2%; DM-basis), 20% more protein (32.5% vs. 27.1%), and had 14% greater water binding capacity versus DDGS. The digestible, metabolizable, and predicted net energy contents of the HiPro co-product were greater than DDGS for growing pigs (P < 0.05), but fibre-degrading enzymes were ineffective at improving energy values. The greater (available) energy and protein contents of HiPro make it a promising feed ingredient for inclusion in swine diets.

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