Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Paparan Gelombang Ultrasonik dalam Mengurangi Jumlah Bakteri coliform pada Sampel Air Sungai Kahayan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neny Kurniawati, Kerelius, Sunariyati ◽  
Luqman Hakim, Dyah Ayu Pramoda Wardani, Widya Krestina ◽  
Dwi Tyas Setiawan, Ferry Purwanto, Diah K. Fatmala
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Grab Sampling

Abstrak – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu paparan gelombang ultrasonik terhadap pengurangan jumlah koloni bakteri coliform pada sampel air sungai Kahayan. Pengambilan sampel air sungai dilakukan dengan teknik Grab Sampling menggunakan alat Kemmerer Sampler. Sampel air yang didapatkan diberikan paparan gelombang ultrasonik secara langsung, tanpa merubah kondisi lingkungan awal. Waktu paparan divariasikan pada 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam dengan frekuensi 40 kHz untuk memperoleh data waktu optimum. Uji coliform dilakukan dengan metode MPN, dengan tahapan uji pendugaan, uji penegasan, dan perhitungan koloni. Hasil uji MPN 24 jam setelah paparan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ultrasonik sebagai antibateri dapat optimum ketika diberikan paparan dengan waktu 3 jam, dengan efisiensi  96%. Kata kunci: antibakteri, coliform, ultrasonik, water treatment, sungai Kahayan  Abstract – This study aims to examine the effect of ultrasonic wave exposure time on reducing the number of coliform bacterial colonies in the Kahayan river water samples. River water sampling is done using the Grab Sampling technique using the Kemmerer Sampler tool. The water samples obtained were given direct ultrasonic wave exposure, without changing the initial environmental conditions. The exposure time is varied in 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours with a frequency of 40 kHz to obtain optimum time data. Coliform test was carried out by the MPN method, with the stages of the estimation test, affirmation test, and colony calculation. The MPN test results 24 hours after exposure showed that the use of ultrasonic as an antibody can be optimum when given exposure with a time of 3 hours, with an efficiency of 96%.Keywords : antibakterial, coliform, ultrasonic, water treatment, Kahayan river

scholarly journals Analisis Pencemaran Kromium (VI) berdasarkan Kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pada Hulu Sungai Citarum di Kecamatan Majalaya Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Arif Sumantri ◽  
Rifqi Zakiya Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Sample Testing

Latar Belakang: Limbah industri tekstil menghasilkan limbah logam berat kromium (VI)) untuk digunakan dalam proses produksi. Kromium (VI) yang masuk ke dalam air bisa menjadi masalah kesehatan baik jangka pendek maupun panjang. Salah satu wilayah industri yang banyak berkembang terdapat di sektor hulu Sungai Citarum terdapat di Kecamatan Majalaya, Kabupaten Bandung sebagai kawasan zona industri.Terdapat sekitar 1500 industri dengan potensi jumlah limbah yang dibuang mencapai 2.800 ton per hari  yang sekaligus sebagai sumber pencemaran paling dominan.Metode: Instrumen penelitian ini adalah observasi dan pengujian sampel di laboratorium.Sampel diambil selama 3 hari berturut-turut di 7 stasiun di setiap lokasi. Variabel yang diuji yaitu, kromium (VI), COD, DO, dan pH. Metode pengambilan yang digunakan adalah grab sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling. Waktu untuk mengambil sampel air dilakukan pada malam hari. Sampel air diawetkan dengan cara pengasaman dan pendinginan sesuai dengan SNI 6989.57: 2008. Hasil penelitian ini dianalisis dengan membandingkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah No.82 Tahun 2001.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan konsentrasi kromium (VI)di stasiun A1 adalah 0,042 mg/l, stasiun A2 0,44 mg/l, di stasiun A3 adalah 0,075 mg/l dan stasiun A4 adalah 0,093 mg/l. Selain itu, di stasiun B1, B2, dan B3 konsentrasi di bawah 0,04 mg/l (batas alat minimum). Kadar kromium (VI) A3 dan A4 tidak memenuhi persyaratan menurut PP No.82 tahun 2001 standar kualitas kromium (VI)di badan air kelas II adalah 0,05 mg/l.Simpulan: Air Sungai Citarum di Kabupaten Majalaya telah tercemar oleh kromium (VI). Dari hasil, kromium (VI)telah melebihi perairan sungai dari stasiun A3 dan A4 dengan kadar 0,075 mg/l dan 0,093 mg/l. ABSTRACTTitle: Analysis of Chromium IV pollution based on Chemical Oxygen Demand at Citarum River, Majalaya District, Bandung Regency, West JavaBackground: Textile industrial waste produces heavy metal waste chromium (VI) for use in the production process. Chromium (VI) that gets into water can be a health problem both in the short and long term. One of the most developed industrial areas is in the upstream sector of the Citarum River in Majalaya District, Bandung Regency as an industrial zone. There are around 1500 industries with the potential for the amount of waste disposed of up to 2,800 tons per day which is also the most dominant source of pollution.Methods: The research instrument was observation and sample testing in the laboratory. Samples were taken for 3 consecutive days at 7 stations in each location. The variables tested were chromium (VI), COD, DO, and pH. The method used is grab sampling with purposive sampling technique. Time to take water samples is done at night. The water samples were preserved by means of acidification (HNO3 and H2SO4) and cooling according to SNI 6989.57: 2008. The results of this study were analyzed by comparing with PP No.82 of 2001.Results: The results showed that the chromium (VI) concentration at station A1 was 0.042 mg / l, station A2 was 0.44 mg / l, at station A3 was 0.075 mg / l and station A4 was 0.093 mg / l. In addition, at stations B1, B2, and B3 the concentration was below 0.04 mg / l (minimum equipment limit). Chromium (VI) A3 and A4 levels do not meet the requirements according to PP No. 82 of 2001 the quality standard for chromium (VI) in class II water bodies is 0.05 mg / l.Conclusion: Citarum River water in Majalaya Regency has been polluted by chromium (VI). From the results, chromium (VI) has exceeded the river waters of stations A3 and A4 with levels of 0.075 mg / l and 0.093 mg / l. 

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN PASIR KERANG SEBAGAI MEDIA PENGOLAHAN AIR GAMBUT MENJADI AIR BERSIH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 020
Author(s):  
Suhendra Suhendra ◽  
Daud Perdana
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Test Results

Residents in Sambas Regency generally utilizing well water and river water to meet the needs of clean water. One of the materials that used in processing of clean water is sand clamshell. The Sand clamshell is used because the abundant availability and is often found along the coast, but its effectiveness has not been tested. The object of this research is to test the effectiveness of sand clamshell in reducing color levels and increasing the pH value of peat water. When the water coming out of the installation was varied into 9 treatments, namely 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 180 and 360 minutes. Based on the test results, sand clamshell is effective used to treat peat water into clean water. The best test results for sand clamshell are obtained when the water first exits from water treatment plant (0 minutes) with the effectiveness of color absorption of 29.9%, from 1,420 Pt.Co to 995 Pt.Co, while pH increases from 4.23 to 7.38. The effectiveness of the sand clamshell has decreased with the length of time in the processing of peat water. Masyarakat di Kabupaten Sambas umumnya memanfaatkan air sumur dan air sungai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih. Salah satu media yang digunakan dalam mengolah air bersih adalah pasir kerang. Pasir kerang digunakan karena ketersediannya yang melimpah dan banyak ditemui di sepanjang pesisir pantai, namun pengujian efektivitasnya masih belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas pasir kerang dalam menurunkan kadar warna dan meningkatkan nilai pH air gambut. Waktu air keluar dari instalasi divariasikan menjadi 9 perlakuan yaitu 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 180 dan 360 menit. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, pasir kerang efektif digunakan untuk mengolah air gambut menjadi air bersih. Hasil pengujian terbaik untuk pasir kerang diperoleh pada saat air pertama kali keluar dari instalasi pengolah air (0 menit) dengan efektivitas penjerapan warna 29,9% yaitu dari 1.420 Pt.Co menjadi 995 Pt.Co, sedangkan pH mengalami peningkatan dari 4,23 menjadi 7,38. Efektivitas kerja pasir kerang mengalami penurunan seiring dengan lamanya penggunaan pasir kerang dalam pengolahan air gambut.

Calibration and field application of a molecularly imprinted membrane-passive sampler for the sampling of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls in selected aquatic environments of South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis S. Mkhize ◽  
Laura P. Quinn ◽  
Hlengilizwe Nyoni ◽  
Bhekie B. Mamba ◽  
Titus A. M. Msagati
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Passive Sampler ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted

Abstract A passive sampling device, based on molecularly imprinted membranes (MIM), was fabricated and optimised for sampling polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic ecosystems. The newly-developed passive sampler was subjected to in-situ calibration studies to determine PCB sampling rates under various conditions of water turbulence and temperature. This was carried out by exposing the passive samplers to water spiked with PCBs in a continuous-flow exposure setup. The samplers were preloaded with known concentrations of performance reference compounds (PRCs) prior to exposure. Sampling rates of seven indicator PCBs' congeners (PCBs 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) ranged between 15.3 and 95.6 L/d for the different environmental conditions investigated. To determine the field suitability, the samplers were preloaded with PRCs and deployed for 10 days at the Roodeplaat and Hartbeespoort Dams, in South Africa. Water samples were taken at the end of the deployment period to compare the spot-and-grab samples to the developed samplers. PCBs 28, 101 and 138 were detected in the samplers deployed at Hartbeespoort Dam. The samplers deployed at the Roodeplaat Dam had quantifiable amounts of PCBs 28, 52, 101, 138 and 180 (0.047–0.828 ng mL−1 d−1). The sampler enhanced the detectability of PCB 52 and PCB 180, which were not detected in water samples. The field suitability trials indicated that the developed sampler could successfully be used for PCB monitoring. The sampler enhanced the detection of PCBs that would otherwise be too low to detect in samples collected through the traditional spot-and-grab sampling technique.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ultrasonic Wave Exposure on The Chlorophyll-a, b And Carotene Content of Nannochloropsis sp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Hadi Endrawati ◽  
Muhammad Zainuri ◽  
Widianingsih Widianingsih ◽  
Retno Hartati ◽  
Robertus Triaji Mahendrajaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Carotene Content

Determination of chlorophyll-a, b and carotene content in microalgae is strongly dependent on the destruction of its cell wall during extraction process.  Harvesting of microalgae is important  because it will influence the nutrition content. The objective of present work is to optimize harvesting of Nannochloropsis sp by application of ultrasonic wave with frequency of 40 KHz under different exposure time.  There were 3 treatments, i.e. exposure time of 5, 10 and 15 minutes.  The chlorophyll-a, b, and carotene content were measured to gauge the effect of treatments. The result revealed that the cell wall of Nannochloropsis sp which made from carbohydrate were successfully broken by ultrasonic source equipment. It showed that the exposure time of  5, 10 and 15 minutes affected cell wall’s breaking percentage of Nannochloropsis sp cell by 10,35;  32,15; and 72,09 %, respectively. The longer exposure time of ultrasonic wave, the higher content of  chlorophyll-a, b, and carotene.

FAKTOR PERSONAL YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PERAWAT RSUD EMBUNG FATIMAH BATAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Asfri Sri Rahmadeni
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p class="Normal1"><em>Commitment is the attitude or behavior of likes or dislikes shown by someone against the organization at work. Indonesia is recorded as a nurse who has a low organizational commitment (76%) so it harms services. This phenomenon in the hospital can be seen from the indicator of the high turnover rate of nurses which reaches 30.9% which exceeds the standard &lt;5%. Many factors affect organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Personal Factors Associated with Organizational Commitment of Hospital Nurses. This study is a cross-sectional analytic study and purposive sampling technique with a sample of 59 nurses. Chi-Square test results obtained personal factors that have a relationship with organizational commitment Nurse Hospital is age with p = 0,000 and education with p = 0,000, personal factors not related to organizational commitment are gender p = 1,053 and years of service with p = 1,147. Hospitals should conduct research/surveys on Organizational Commitment periodically as an evaluation material in the context of the organization's development and development in the future</em>.</p>

Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Penggunaan Partograf dalam Persalinan oleh Bidan Praktik Mandiri

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Niluh Nita Silfia
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Research Criteria

Partographs are guidelines for childbirth observations that will facilitate labor assistants in first identifying emergency cases and complications for mothers and fetuses. Preliminary survey at the Sigi Community Health Sub-Center (Pustu) of the 8 Pustu midwives found two midwives (25%) to complete a complete partograph, six midwives (75%) incomplete. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinant factors associated with the use of partographs in labor. The design of this study used observational analytic methods with a cross-sectional approach. 24 BPM survey results were obtained with 30 samples of midwives who met the research criteria and data completeness. The sampling technique was by the total population. Data analysis used logistic regression. The multivariate analysis results showed that APN training was the most influential factor in the use of partographs in labor by midwives. Statistical test results obtained a POR value of 37.7 (95% CI 12.1 - 60.2). This study suggests that midwives must have APN certificates to be valid in providing services.

Effect Of Leverage, Inflation And GDP To Share Price Pt. Astra Otoparts Tbk.

ProBank ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Heriyanta Budi Utama ◽  
Florianus Dimas Gunurdya Putra Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Purposive Sampling

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of leverage, inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the share price at PT. Astra Autopart, Tbk. companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015. The sampling technique in this study using a purposive sampling. With the technique of purposive  sampling, all the members of the research samples by criteria. Samples that meet the criteria are used research data. Then followed the classic assumption test and test hypotheses by linear regression. The results of this study demonstrate the regression results in regression equation that Y = 2605,424 + 1561,550 X1 + 2,338 X2 + 38,994X3. T test results showed that the leverage anda GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is positive and significant effect on stock prices, while inflation is not positive and significant effect on stock prices. F test results showed that jointly leverage variables, inflation and GDP variables affecting the stock price significantly. The test results R2 (coefficient of determination) found that the variable leverage, inflation and GDP able to explain 35,4% of the stock price variable, while the remaining 64,6% is explained by other variables.Keywords: leverage, inflation, GDP, and the share priceThe purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of leverage, inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the share price at PT. Astra Autopart, Tbk. companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2015.The sampling technique in this study using a purposive sampling. With the technique of purposive  sampling, all the members of the research samples by criteria. Samples that meet the criteria are used research data. Then followed the classic assumption test and test hypotheses by linear regression.The results of this study demonstrate the regression results in regression equation that Y = 2605,424 + 1561,550 X1 + 2,338 X2 + 38,994X3. T test results showed that the leverage anda GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is positive and significant effect on stock prices, while inflation is not positive and significant effect on stock prices. F test results showed that jointly leverage variables, inflation and GDP variables affecting the stock price significantly. The test results R2 (coefficient of determination) found that the variable leverage, inflation and GDP able to explain 35,4% of the stock price variable, while the remaining 64,6% is explained by other variables.Keywords: leverage, inflation, GDP, and the share price

Measured and Modelled Chlorinated Contaminant Distributions in the St. Clair River Water

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Chan ◽  
Y.L. Lau ◽  
B.G. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Detroit River ◽  
Chemical Partitioning ◽  
Transverse Mixing

Abstract The concentration distribution of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachloro-benzene (QCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) in water samples from transects across the upper and lower St. Clair River and the upper Detroit River were determined on four occasions in 1985. The data show a plume of these contaminants from the Sarnia industrial area. The fluxes and concentration profiles of the contaminants at Port Lambton have been modelled success fully using a simple transverse mixing model. A study on the chemical partitioning between the “dissolved” and “suspended sediment” phases shows that an important contaminant fraction is carried in the river by the suspended solids, particularly for lipophilie compounds such as HCB and OCS,

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