Biological roles and potential clinical values of circular RNAs in gastrointestinal malignancies

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in gastrointestinal cancers. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate a variety of cellular activities by physically interacting with microRNAs and proteins and altering their activity. It has also been suggested that exosomes encapsulate circRNAs and lncRNAs in cancer cells. Exosomes are then discharged into the extracellular environment, where they are taken up by other cells. As a result, exosomal ncRNA cargo is critical for cell–cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal ncRNAs can regulate a range of events, such as angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, drug resistance, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. To set the groundwork for developing novel therapeutic strategies against gastrointestinal malignancies, a thorough understanding of circRNAs and lncRNAs is required. In this review, we discuss the function and intrinsic features of oncogenic circRNAs and lncRNAs that are enriched within exosomes.

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CircHAS2 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells by regulating PPM1E mediated by hsa-miR-944

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-021-04158-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Shuo Ma ◽

Xinliang Gu ◽

Lei Shen ◽

Yinhao Chen ◽

Chen Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Gastric Cancer Cells ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

New Class ◽

Potential Biomarker

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is considered one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, which can be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for many tumors. However, the role and potential regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in GC remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that a specific circRNA, circHAS2, was upregulated in GC tissues and cells and was positively correlated with tumor metastasis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that circHAS2 knockdown or the addition of hsa-miR-944 mimics inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of GC cells and affected the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, hsa-miR-944 interacted with protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1E (PPM1E), and was found to be a target gene of circHAS2. The upregulation of PPM1E reversed the effects of circHAS2 knockout on GC cells. The circHAS2/hsa-miR-944/PPM1E axis may be involved in the progression of GC; thus, circHAS2 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.

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Novel potential tumor biomarkers: Circular RNAs and exosomal circular RNAs in gastrointestinal malignancies

Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis ◽

10.1002/jcla.23359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yezhao Wang ◽

Zhe Li ◽

Suyuan Xu ◽

Junming Guo

Keyword(s):

Circular Rnas ◽

Tumor Biomarkers ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies

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The Mechanistic Roles of ncRNAs in Promoting and Supporting Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer

Non-Coding RNA ◽

10.3390/ncrna7020024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Isaac Micallef ◽

Byron Baron

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Made In

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies which has quite a high mortality rate. Despite the advances made in CRC treatment, effective therapy is still quite challenging, particularly due to resistance arising throughout the treatment regimen. Several studies have been carried out to identify CRC chemoresistance mechanisms, with research showing different signalling pathways, certain ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), among others to be responsible for the failure of CRC chemotherapies. In the last decade, it has become increasingly evident that certain non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families are involved in chemoresistance. Research investigations have demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute towards promoting resistance in CRC via different mechanisms. Considering the currently available data on this phenomenon, a better understanding of how these ncRNAs participate in chemoresistance can lead to suitable solutions to overcome this problem in CRC. This review will first focus on discussing the different mechanisms of CRC resistance identified so far. The focus will then shift onto the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in promoting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OXA), cisplatin and doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in CRC, specifically using ncRNAs which have been recently identified and validated under in vivo or in vitro conditions.

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Identification, characterization and expression profiling of circular RNAs in the early cotton fiber developmental stages

Genomics ◽

10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.12.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 356-365

Author(s):

HARON Salih ◽

Xiao Wang ◽

Baojun Chen ◽

Yinhua Jia ◽

Wenfang Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cotton Fiber ◽

Expression Profiling ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Circular Rnas

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Circular RNAs in Neuroblastoma

10.1055/s-0038-1645000 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

C Danßmann ◽

J Toedling ◽

F Klironomos ◽

A Winkler ◽

F Hertwig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circular Rnas

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Adoptive Cell Therapy for Gastrointestinal Cancers

Digestive Disease Interventions ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 345-350

Author(s):

Ryan J. Slovak ◽

Hyun S. Kim

Keyword(s):

Cell Therapy ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Solid Tumors ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Adoptive Cell Therapy ◽

Hematologic Malignancies ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Specific Antigens

AbstractThe reinfusion of autologous or allogeneic immune cells that have been educated and/or engineered ex vivo to respond to tumor-specific antigens is termed “adoptive cell therapy.” While adoptive cell therapy has made tremendous strides in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its utilization for solid tumors has lagged somewhat behind. The purpose of this article is to concisely review the clinical research that has been done to investigate adoptive cell therapy as a treatment for gastrointestinal malignancies.

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