scholarly journals Investigations of Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water Samples from Selected Villages in Eritrea

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-346
Author(s):  
Beamlak Haile ◽  
Aron Hailemichael ◽  
Tesfamichael Haile ◽  
Arumugam Manohar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Essential Chemical ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Fluoride is one of the few chemical contaminants in drinking water, even though; it is known as an essential chemical component in water due to its beneficial effect at a very low concentration. However, when present excessively in drinking water it has detrimental effects on human health in terms of the prevalence of dental caries, skeletal fluorosis and bone fractures. Endemic fluorosis, especially dental mottling and discoloration has been prevalent in many parts of Eritrea. However, no well-established study has been carried out to ascertain the fluoride content in the groundwater of the affected villages, except a couple of researches conducted to estimate fluoride level in drinking water of the villages around Keren and Elabered, where dental mottling and fluorosis is prevalent. According to the researches the fluoride level in the underground water was found to be higher than the maximum WHO limit of 1.5 mg/L. Butthe fluoride content of other places (villages) with endemic dental fluorosis has not been determined and documented, and therefore it is necessary to conduct this research in the affected areas to ascertain the fluoride level in the drinking water of the community and compare it with the WHO standards.

scholarly journals Frequency of Dental Fluorosis in Population Drinking Water with High Fluoride Level in Thar

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Ahmed ◽  
◽  
Anwar Ali ◽  
Marium Zaheer ◽  
Ibraj Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Exposed Area ◽  
High Fluoride ◽  
High Level ◽  
Water Fluoride

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to see the frequency of dental fluorosis in exposed area (Sammo Rind village of Thar District) and in unexposed area of Gadap town of Karachi and to find the association of fluoride level with dental fluorosis in both groups. METHODOLOGY: The water samples were taken from both the sites and fluoride estimation in water and geometrical, was determined using Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode (FISE) method. By random selection 121 subjects from Sammo Rind village and 121 controls from Gadap Town Karachi were included in study after informed consent. The participants were clinically examined by an expert university teacher dentist in proper dental setups in examination lights. RESULTS: A frequency of dental fluorosis of 100% was found among the study subjects with fluoride content as high as 6- 8 mg/dl as compared to prevalence of dental fluorosis 17.4% in unexposed group with water fluoride content as low as 0.30mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of underground water fluoride level and cent per cent dental fluorosis in Thar area is an alarming situation that should be addressed immediately at national level. KEYWORDS: Exposed area, Dental Flurosis, Fluoride Level, Water Sample HOW TO CITE: Ahmed I, Ali A, Zaheer M, Fatima I, Khan N. Frequency of dental fluorosis in population drinking water with high fluoride level in Thar. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):259-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25301/JPDA.294.259

Salt Fluoridation and General Health

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Bergmann ◽  
R.L. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Fluoride Intake

Salt fluoridation is a systemic form of fluoride supplementation, leaving it to the consumer whether he wants fluoride supplements or not, but thereafter not requiring special dependability for daily compliance. Most German drinking water has low fluoride concentrations. The estimated fluoride intake in German children is between 100 and 300 μg/day, and in adults, between 400 and 600 μg/day. Male subjects have higher mean intakes than females. From 70 to 90% of the salt intake of 10 to 13.5 g/day in German adults comes from commercially prepared foods. This leaves about 1 to 4 g of salt to be added as table salt at the individual level and to become the source of supplementary fluoride. To increase fluoride intake by at least 500 μg/d, and to prevent an additional intake of more than 3000 μg/day, it may be necessary to have salt at a fluoride level of around 500 μg/g or to include one commercial food to be prepared with fluoridated salt, e.g., bread. A salt fluoride concentration of 250 μg/g does not present a risk of dental fluorosis. However, clear recommendations about systemic fluoride supplementation must be given as long as there are fluoride tablets, fluoride-rich mineral waters, and fluoridated table salt available simultaneously. Persons at risk for hypertension from salt consumption require different means of fluoride supplementation. By and large, in areas of low drinking water fluoride, fluoridated table salt has the potential to become a means of systemic supplementation comparable with drinking water fluoridation.

scholarly journals Fluoride Concentration in Ground Water and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Demelash Enyew ◽  
Abebe Hailu Beyene ◽  
Zewdu Abebe ◽  
Addisu Dagnaw Melese
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Ethiopian Rift ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The concentration of fluoride in ground drinking water greater than the world health organization standard value imposes a serious health, social and economic problem in developing countries. In the Ethiopian Rift Valley where deep wells are the major source of drinking water, high fluoride level is expected. Though many epidemiological studies on fluoride concentration and its adverse effects have been conducted in the region, the result is highly scattered and needs systematically summarized for better utilization. Objective: This research is aimed at estimating the pooled level of fluoride concentration in ground drinking water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among Ethiopian rift valley residences. Methods: Cochrane library, MEDLINE/PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched for studies reporting the mean concentration of fluoride in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift valley. Search terms were identified by extracting key terms from reviews and selected relevant papers and review medical subject headings for relevant terms. Results: The mean fluoride level in ground water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis were pooled from eleven and nine primary studies conducted in Ethiopian Rift Valley respectively. The pooled mean level of fluoride in ground water therefore was 6.03 mg/l (95% CI; 4.72–7.72, p < 0.001) and the pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis among residents in Ethiopian rift valley was 32% (95% CI: 25, 39%, p<0.001), 29% (95% CI: 22, 36%, p<0.001) and 24% (95% CI: 17, 32%, p<0.001 for mild, moderate and sever dental fluorosis respectively. The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis is 28% (95% CI: 24, 32%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Though, the concentration level varies across different part of the rift valley region, still the level of fluoride in ground drinking water is greater than the WHO standard value (1.5mg/l). Relatively high-level pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis was also seen in Ethiopian rift valley. Therefore, further studies covering the temperature, exposure time and other intake path ways with large sample size is recommended. Interventional projects should be implemented to decrease the concentration of fluoride in the ground drinking water source. Key words: Dental fluorosis, Fluoride, Concentration, Rift Valley, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Fluoride Concentration in Ground Water and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Demelash Enyew ◽  
Abebe Hailu Beyene ◽  
Zewdu Abebe ◽  
Addisu Dagnaw Melese
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Ethiopian Rift ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The concentration of fluoride in ground drinking water greater than the world health organization standard value imposes a serious health, social and economic problem in developing countries. In the Ethiopian Rift Valley where deep wells are the major source of drinking water, high fluoride level is expected. Though many epidemiological studies on fluoride concentration and its adverse effects have been conducted in the region, the result is highly scattered and needs systematically summarized for better utilization. Objective: This research is aimed at estimating the pooled level of fluoride concentration in ground drinking water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among Ethiopian rift valley residences. Methods: Cochrane library, MEDLINE/PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched for studies reporting the mean concentration of fluoride in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift valley. Search terms were identified by extracting key terms from reviews and selected relevant papers and review medical subject headings for relevant terms. Results: The mean fluoride level in ground water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis were pooled from eleven and nine primary studies conducted in Ethiopian Rift Valley respectively. The pooled mean level of fluoride in ground water therefore was 6.03 mg/l (95% CI; 4.72–7.72, p < 0.001) and the pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis among residents in Ethiopian rift valley was 32% (95% CI: 25, 39%, p<0.001), 29% (95% CI: 22, 36%, p<0.001) and 24% (95% CI: 17, 32%, p<0.001 for mild, moderate and sever dental fluorosis respectively. The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis is 28% (95% CI: 24, 32%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Though, the concentration level varies across different part of the rift valley region, still the level of fluoride in ground drinking water is greater than the WHO standard value (1.5mg/l). Relatively high-level pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis was also seen in Ethiopian rift valley. Therefore, further studies covering the temperature, exposure time and other intake path ways with large sample size is recommended. Interventional projects should be implemented to decrease the concentration of fluoride in the ground drinking water source. Key words: Dental fluorosis, Fluoride, Concentration, Rift Valley, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Fluoride concentration in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Demelash ◽  
Abebe Beyene ◽  
Zewdu Abebe ◽  
Addisu Melese
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Ethiopian Rift ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The concentration of fluoride in ground drinking water greater than the world health organization standard value imposes a serious health, social and economic problem in developing countries. In the Ethiopian Rift Valley where deep wells are the major source of drinking water, high fluoride level is expected. Though many epidemiological studies on fluoride concentration and its adverse effects have been conducted in the region, the result is highly scattered and needs systematically summarized for better utilization. Objective This research is aimed at estimating the pooled level of fluoride concentration in ground drinking water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among Ethiopian rift valley residences. Methods Cochrane library, MEDLINE/PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched for studies reporting the mean concentration of fluoride in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift valley. Search terms were identified by extracting key terms from reviews and selected relevant papers and review medical subject headings for relevant terms. Results The mean fluoride level in ground water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis were pooled from eleven and nine primary studies conducted in Ethiopian Rift Valley respectively. The pooled mean level of fluoride in ground water therefore was 6.03 mg/l (95% CI; 4.72–7.72, p < 0.001) and the pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis among residents in Ethiopian rift valley was 32% (95% CI: 25, 39%, p < 0.001), 29% (95% CI: 22, 36%, p < 0.001) and 24% (95% CI: 17, 32%, p < 0.001 for mild, moderate and sever dental fluorosis respectively. The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis is 28% (95% CI, 24, 32%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Though, the concentration level varies across different part of the rift valley region, still the level of fluoride in ground drinking water is greater than the WHO standard value (1.5 mg/l). Relatively high-level pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis was also seen in Ethiopian rift valley. Therefore, further studies covering the temperature, exposure time and other intake path ways with large sample size is recommended. Interventional projects should be implemented to decrease the concentration of fluoride in the ground drinking water source.

scholarly journals Dental caries and its association with increasing water fluoride concentration in district Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4005
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Vartika Saxena ◽  
Manisha Naithani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Fluoride

Background: Evidence from scientific literature confirms both beneficial and detrimental effects of fluoride on human health with only a narrow range between intakes associated with these effects. The limits of this range have been controversial among researchers since the 1930s. Considering this, the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of fluoride in India has been reduced from 1.5 to 1.0 mg/l in 1998. This study aimed to evaluate the association between increasing water fluoride levels and dental caries prevention on permanent teeth.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1400 children (aged 6–19 years). Caries experience and dental fluorosis were recorded using DMFT/deft and Dean's index respectively. Also, fluoride concentration in drinking water was analyzed. Around 14.4% of children had dental caries with maximum frequency among 9-10 years of age. A significant negative correlation between caries experience and water fluoride level was found (p<0.05), with the lowest DMFT scores at the fluoride level of 0.61–2 mg/l and the highest at 0.0–0.3 mg/l. Whereas, high prevalence of dental fluorosis was observed above 0.7 mg/l.Results: The study revealed that the presence of 0.3-0.7 mg/l fluoride in drinking water reduces dental caries, without an objectionable rise in dental fluorosis.Conclusions: It can be suggested that fluoride has anticaries property but due to a ‘narrow therapeutic window’ of 0.3-0.7 mg/l, in a country like India where endemic fluorosis is prevalent, its topical application should be encouraged which is almost equally effective with less systemic adverse effects.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Fluoride Levels for a City in Northern Mexico (Durango) Determined Using a Direct Electrochemical Method and Their Potential Effects on Oral Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Molina Frechero ◽  
Leonor Sánchez Pérez ◽  
Enrique Castañeda Castaneira ◽  
Anastasio Oropeza Oropeza ◽  
Enrique Gaona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Fluoride is ingested primarily through consuming drinking water. When drinking water contains fluoride concentrations >0.7 parts per million (ppm), consuming such water can be toxic to the human body; this toxicity is called “fluorosis.” Therefore, it is critical to determine the fluoride concentrations in drinking water. The objective of this study was to determine the fluoride concentration in the drinking water of the city of Durango. The wells that supply the drinking water distribution system for the city of Durango were studied. One hundred eighty-nine (189) water samples were analyzed, and the fluoride concentration in each sample was quantified as established by the law NMX-AA-077-SCFI-2001. The fluoride concentrations in such samples varied between 2.22 and 7.23 ppm with a 4.313 ± 1.318 ppm mean concentration. The highest values were observed in the northern area of the city, with a 5.001 ± 2.669 ppm mean value. The samples produced values that exceeded the national standard for fluoride in drinking water. Chronic exposure to fluoride at such concentrations produces harmful health effects, the first sign of which is dental fluorosis. Therefore, it is essential that the government authorities implement water defluoridation programs and take preventative measures to reduce the ingestion of this toxic halogen.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics in Drinking Water Sources Emphasized on Fluoride: A Case Study of Yancheng, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumin Wang ◽  
Ran Yu ◽  
Guangcan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Exposure Levels

In this study, the concentration of fluoride and the associated health risks for infants, children, and adults were analyzed and compared for three drinking water sources in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China. To analyze the relationship between the water quality parameters of pH, fluoride (F−), sulfate (SO42−), chloride (Cl−), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TAlk), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+), statistical analyses including correlation analysis, R-mode cluster analysis and factor analysis were performed based on monthly data from the year 2010 to 2015. The results indicated: (1) Fluoride concentrations in the drinking water sources ranged from 0.38 to 1.00 mg L−1 (mean = 0.57 mg L−1) following the order of Tongyu River > Yanlong Lake > Mangshe River; (2) fluoride concentrations in 22.93% of the collected samples were lower than 0.5 mg L−1, which has the risk of tooth cavities, especially for the Mangshe River; (3) the fluoride exposure levels of infants were higher than children and adults, and 3.2% of the fluoride exposure levels of infants were higher than the recommended toxicity reference value of 122 μg kg−1 d−1 as referenced by Health Canada, which might cause dental fluorosis issues; (4) the physico-chemical characteristics are classified the into four groups reflecting F−- TAlk, Na+-K+, SO42−-Cl−, and pH-TDS, respectively, indicating that fluoride solubility in drinking water is TAlk dependent, which is also verified by R-mode cluster analysis and factor analysis. The results obtained supply useful information for the health department in Yancheng City, encouraging them to pay more attention to fluoride concentration and TAlk in drinking water sources.

scholarly journals Fluoride concentration in drinking water samples in Fiji

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Prasad ◽  
Bernadette Pushpaangaeli ◽  
Anumala Ram ◽  
Leenu Maimanuku
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Drinking Water Samples
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document