Features of «Plants» cluster from the reference materials collection IGC SB RAS

Four multielement reference materials compile the «Plants» cluster in the developed by IGC SB RAS collection. These are part of terrestrial plants (birch leaf, pine needles, mown meadow grass) and the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis (roots, stems, leaves and flowers). Plants that are sensitive indicators of the state of the environment are collected from unpolluted territories of Eastern Siberia (near and on Lake Baikal). The paper discusses differences in methods of selection and preparation of the material. Such features of these reference materials as granulometric composition (shape, size, particle size distribution), homogeneity and minimum representative mass of the sample, stability ofpowders under conditions of natural aging were studied in accordance with Russian and international requirements with the use of modern devices and methods of chemical analysis. The elemental compositions of matrix plant samples were evaluated according to the method of interlaboratory certification and are represented by the contents of more than 60 elements, of which 23 to 41 are certified. The participation of 20 to 38 accredited Russian and foreign laboratories and the use of more than ten different methods of analysis ensured the traceability of the results. The comparison of the developed and Chinese certified matrix plant reference samples demonstrated their consistency. Based on the results of the discussion of the characteristic properties offour plant PM, they are recommended for performing chemical measurements during the validation of existing and development of new analytical methods, quality control and evaluation of the traceability of the results of determining a wide range of elements in plant materials, as well as professional testing of laboratories of geo-ecological, pharmaceutical and agricultural organisations.

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Colorimetric research of self-luminous objects in software and hardware environments by the method of multidimensional scales implementation

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-8-43-50 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-50

Author(s):

Yauheniya N. Saukova

Keyword(s):

Metrological Traceability ◽

Point Of View ◽

Intermediate Precision ◽

Technical Vision ◽

Wide Range ◽

Chromaticity Coordinates ◽

Unity Of Measurements ◽

Software And Hardware ◽

Luminous Objects ◽

Reference Samples

It is shown that the issues of metrological traceability for extended self-luminous objects with a wide range of brightness have not yet been resolved, since the rank scales of embedded systems are used for processing digital images. For such scales, there is no “fixed” unit, which does not allow you to get reliable results and ensure the unity of measurements. An experiment is described to evaluate the accuracy of determining the intensity (coordinates) of the color of self-luminous objects. In terms of repeatability and intermediate precision compared to the reference measurement method, the color and chromaticity coordinates of self-luminous objects (reference samples) were determined by their multiple digital registration using technical vision systems. The possibilities of the developed methodology for colorimetric studies in hardware and software environments from the point of view of constructing a multidimensional conditional scale are determined.

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Bioprospecting Cryptogams as Potential Source of Unique Biodynamic Phytochemicals with Diverse Pharmaceutical Applications

Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment ◽

10.21756/cba.v1i1.10959 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Brahma N. Singh ◽

Garima Pandey ◽

Prateeksha ◽

J. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Higher Plants ◽

New Drugs ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Potential Source ◽

Therapeutic Value ◽

Wide Range ◽

Novel Structures

With the advent of green pharmaceuticals, the secondary metabolites derived from plants have provided numerous leads for the development of a wide range of therapeutic drugs; however the discovery of new drugs with novel structures has declined in the past few years. Cryptogams including lichens, bryophytes, and pteridophytes represent a group of small terrestrial plants that remain relatively untouched in the drug discovery process though some have been used as ethnomedicines by various tribes worldwide. Studies of their secondary metabolites are recent but reveal unique secondary metabolites which are not synthesized by higher plants. These compounds can have the potential to develop more potential herbal drugs for prevention and treatment of diseases The present article . deals with the secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities of cryptogams with an objective to bring them forth as potential source of biodynamic compounds of therapeutic value.

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The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9051036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1036

Author(s):

Dongmei Lyu ◽

Levini A. Msimbira ◽

Mahtab Nazari ◽

Mohammed Antar ◽

Antoine Pagé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Stress Resistance ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Plant Host ◽

Symbiotic Relationships ◽

Wide Range ◽

Terrestrial Environments

Terrestrial plants evolution occurred in the presence of microbes, the phytomicrobiome. The rhizosphere microbial community is the most abundant and diverse subset of the phytomicrobiome and can include both beneficial and parasitic/pathogenic microbes. Prokaryotes of the phytomicrobiome have evolved relationships with plants that range from non-dependent interactions to dependent endosymbionts. The most extreme endosymbiotic examples are the chloroplasts and mitochondria, which have become organelles and integral parts of the plant, leading to some similarity in DNA sequence between plant tissues and cyanobacteria, the prokaryotic symbiont of ancestral plants. Microbes were associated with the precursors of land plants, green algae, and helped algae transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments. In the terrestrial setting the phytomicrobiome contributes to plant growth and development by (1) establishing symbiotic relationships between plant growth-promoting microbes, including rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, (2) conferring biotic stress resistance by producing antibiotic compounds, and (3) secreting microbe-to-plant signal compounds, such as phytohormones or their analogues, that regulate aspects of plant physiology, including stress resistance. As plants have evolved, they recruited microbes to assist in the adaptation to available growing environments. Microbes serve themselves by promoting plant growth, which in turn provides microbes with nutrition (root exudates, a source of reduced carbon) and a desirable habitat (the rhizosphere or within plant tissues). The outcome of this coevolution is the diverse and metabolically rich microbial community that now exists in the rhizosphere of terrestrial plants. The holobiont, the unit made up of the phytomicrobiome and the plant host, results from this wide range of coevolved relationships. We are just beginning to appreciate the many ways in which this complex and subtle coevolution acts in agricultural systems.

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Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity and Radical Scavenging Ability of 5-O-Acyl Derivatives of Quercetin

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061608 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1608

Author(s):

Stephen Lo ◽

Euphemia Leung ◽

Bruno Fedrizzi ◽

David Barker

Keyword(s):

Antiproliferative Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Wide Range ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Acyl Derivatives

Quercetin is a flavonoid that is found in many plant materials, including commonly eaten fruits and vegetables. The compound is well known for its wide range of biological activities. In this study, 5-O-acyl derivatives of quercetin were synthesised and assessed for their antiproliferative activity against the HCT116 colon cancer and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines; and their radical scavenging activity against the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical species. Four derivatives were found to have improved the antiproliferative activity compared to quercetin whilst retaining radical scavenging activity.

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Rapid boron isotope and concentration measurements of silicate geological reference materials dissolved through sodium peroxide sintering

Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry ◽

10.1039/d1ja00195g ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Cai ◽

Troy E Rasbury ◽

Kathleen M Wooton ◽

Xin Jiang ◽

Di Wang

Keyword(s):

Solid Earth ◽

Reference Materials ◽

Earth Science ◽

Boron Isotope ◽

Earth System ◽

Sodium Peroxide ◽

Wide Range ◽

Concentration Measurements

Understanding the movement of fluids in the solid Earth system is crucial for answering a wide range of important questions in Earth Science. Boron (B) is a perfect tracer for...

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The Importance of Size Ranges in Aerosol Instrument Intercomparisons: A Case Study for the ATom Mission

10.5194/amt-2020-224 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hongyu Guo ◽

Pedro Campuzano-Jost ◽

Benjamin A. Nault ◽

Douglas A. Day ◽

Jason C. Schroder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Evaluation ◽

Organic Nitrate ◽

Related Factors ◽

Precision Error ◽

Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽

Air Masses ◽

Aerosol Mass ◽

Chemical Measurements ◽

Wide Range ◽

Different Seasons

Abstract. Aerosol intercomparisons are inherently complex, as they convolve instrument-dependent detection efficiencies vs. size (which often change with pressure, temperature, or humidity) and variations on the sampled aerosol population, in addition to differences in chemical detection principles (e.g., including inorganic-only nitrate vs. inorganic plus organic nitrate for two instruments). The NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) spanned four separate aircraft deployments, which sampled the remote marine troposphere from 86° S to 82° N over different seasons with a wide range of aerosol concentrations and compositions. Aerosols were quantified with a set of carefully characterized and calibrated instruments, some based on particle sizing and some on composition measurements. This study aims to provide a critical evaluation of the size-related factors impacting aerosol intercomparisons, and of aerosol quantification during ATom, with a focus on the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). The volume determined from physical sizing instruments is compared in detail with that derived from the chemical measurements of the AMS and the Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). Special attention was paid to characterize the upper end of the AMS size-dependent transmission with in-field calibrations, which we show to be critical for accurate comparisons across instruments with inevitably different size cuts. Observed differences between campaigns emphasize the importance of characterizing AMS transmission for each instrument and field study for meaningful interpretation of instrument comparisons. Good agreement was found between the composition-based volume (including AMS-quantified sea salt) and that derived from the size spectrometers. The very clean conditions during most of ATom resulted in substantial statistical noise (i.e., precision error), which we show to be substantially reduced by averaging at several-minute time intervals. The AMS captured, on average, 95 ± 15 % of the standard PM1 volume. These results support the absence of significant unknown biases and the appropriateness of the accuracy estimates for AMS total mass/volume for the mostly aged air masses encountered in ATom. The particle size ranges that contribute chemical composition information to the AMS and complementary composition instruments are investigated, to inform their use in future studies.

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Determination of effective standards for the introduction of fodder additive Aquatan in the diet of rainbow trut with a biological assessment of the influence on fisheries

Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries) ◽

10.33920/sel-09-2111-06 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 66-78

Author(s):

Dmitry Dmitrievich Zekov ◽

Mikhail Vladimirovich Ulyanov ◽

Daniil Veniaminovich Mikryakov ◽

Tatyana Alexandrovna Suvorova

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Power Plant ◽

Nuclear Power Plant ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Average Weight ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Wide Range ◽

Mass Accumulation

In connection with the global tendency to prohibit the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, the prospect of using in ichthyopathological practice preparations from plant materials, which are mostly non-toxic, rarely cause side effects, have an antibacterial effect against a wide range of pathogens of bacterial diseases, opens up. One of these preparations is the feed additive Aquatan (Farmatan Aqua) based on ellagitannins from sweet chestnut wood manufactured by Tanin Sevnica (Slovenia). The aim of this work was to study the effect of different dosages of Aquatan on the survival rate, the rate of mass accumulation and the growth rate of rainbow trout reared in the industrial conditions of the cage farm on the waste warm waters of the nuclear power plant and to assess the production and economic efficiency of the application. The tests were carried out for 34 days in February-March 2021 on the basis of an aquaculture cage farm of LLC “Fish Federation”, located in the water area of the waste canal of warm waste water of the Leningrad nuclear power plant (LNPP) in the area of the LNPP-2 industrial zone in the city of Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Region. The object of the study is rainbow trout yearlings brought from different fish farms. A total of 247,131 specimens were planted, with an average weight of 156.5–235.7 g and a total weight of 43 950.67 kg. The main hydrochemical indicators of water at the enterprise for the trial period met the water quality requirements for growing salmon fish OST 15.372-87. The feeding was carried out with the production compound feed for salmonids of the firm Alltech® Coppens Supreme-22. In experimental cages, fish were fed with compound feed with the addition of the preparation Aquatan at various concentrations (1, 2, and 3 g/kg of feed); in the control, feed without additive was used. As a result of the experiment, a positive effect of the Aquatan additive in dosages of 2–3 g / 1 kg of feed on growth, mass accumulation, survival and feed costs was established, while when adding 1 g / 1 kg of feed, such an effect was not recorded.

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Stable carbon isotopes as powerful tools for studying land-atmosphere flux exchanges and improving land surface models

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11232 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aliénor Lavergne ◽

Laia Andreu-Hayles ◽

Soumaya Belmecheri ◽

Rossella Guerrieri ◽

Heather Graven

Keyword(s):

Carbon Isotopes ◽

Land Surface ◽

Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Carbon Sink ◽

Stable Carbon ◽

Land Surface Models ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Surface Models

The stable isotopic compositions of carbon and oxygen in terrestrial plants can provide valuable insights into plant eco-physiological responses to environmental changes at seasonal to annual resolution. Yet, the potential of these datasets to study land-atmosphere interactions remains under-exploited. Here, we present some examples of how stable carbon isotopes (&#948;13C) measured in plant materials (leaves and tree-rings) can be used to explore changes in the magnitude and variability of carbon and water flux exchanges between the vegetation and the atmosphere and to improve land surface models. First, we show that the discrimination against 13C (&#916;13C), calculated as the difference in &#948;13C between the source atmospheric CO2 and the plant material studied, varies strongly between regions and biomes and is useful for better understanding the CO2 fertilisation effect of plant growth. For example, tree-ring &#916;13C records from boreal evergreen forests in North America increased linearly with rising CO2 during the 20th century, suggesting that those forests have actively contributed to the land carbon sink by removing CO2 from the atmosphere at a relatively constant rate. However, such an increase in&#160;&#916;13C with rising CO2 is not observed everywhere. We found that over the same time period, while some forests had a fairly constant &#916;13C, others exhibited a slight decrease in &#916;13C over time, which might indicate a reduction of the capacity of trees to absorb CO2. Using a response function approach, we show that the differences between sites and regions are most likely the result of different evaporative demands and soil water availability conditions experienced by forests. We then discuss how predictions of the coupled carbon and water cycles by vegetation models can be improved by incorporating stable carbon isotopes to constrain the model representation of carbon-water fluxes regulation by leaf stomata. Specifically, we examine and evaluate simulations from the JULES vegetation model at different eddy-covariance forest sites where stable carbon isotopic data and canopy flux measurements are available. Overall, our analyses have strong implications for the understanding of historical changes in the strength of the CO2 fertilisation effect and in the water use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems across regions.&#160;

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Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine

Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine ◽

10.47886/9781934874301.ch6 ◽

2012 ◽

Keyword(s):

Biological Sciences ◽

Gulf Of Maine ◽

Ecosystem Approach ◽

Organizational Studies ◽

Wide Range ◽

Integrated Policy ◽

Range Of Functions ◽

Integrated Assessments ◽

Science Symposium ◽

State Of The Environment

Abstract.—This paper briefly summarizes some of the regional developments and advances in the theme “Tools for Integrated Policy and Management” that were presented at the October 2009 Gulf of Maine Science Symposium held in St. Andrews, New Brunswick. Tools for integrated policy and management meet a wide range of functions and originate from a variety of fields, from the physical and biological sciences to social sciences and organizational studies. Some of the tools presented at the 2009 Gulf of Maine symposium are discussed in this paper. Knowledge gaps still exist regarding impacts of development and industrial activities, which becomes apparent when trying to evaluate and quantify cumulative impacts. Geographic information system-based tools and elements of marine spatial planning such as human use mapping can help establish better cumulative impact assessments. While it is recognized that advances in integrated policy and management have occurred since the previous (1996) Gulf of Maine science symposium, evaluation of that progress is still in development. Tools such as state of the environment reporting, integrated assessments/ ecosystem overviews, frameworks for implementation of ecosystem-based management (EBM), or approaches developed by the EBM Tools Network all assist in measuring and evaluating our progress towards full implementation of an ecosystem approach within the context of management activities and actions.

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Large Differences in Urinary Benzene Metabolite S-Phenylmercapturic Acid Quantitation: A Comparison of Five LC–MS-MS Methods

Journal of Analytical Toxicology ◽

10.1093/jat/bkaa137 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Denise S Tevis ◽

Andrew Willmore ◽

Deepak Bhandari ◽

Brett Bowman ◽

Chloe Biren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Urine ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Genotoxic Carcinogen ◽

Human Urine Samples ◽

Ph Values ◽

Wide Range ◽

Acidic Conditions ◽

Hematological Abnormalities ◽

Reference Samples

Abstract Benzene is a known genotoxic carcinogen linked to many hematological abnormalities. S-phenylmercapturic acid (PHMA, N-acetyl-S-(phenyl)-L-cysteine, CAS# 4775-80-8) is a urinary metabolite of benzene and is used as a biomarker to assess benzene exposure. Pre-S-phenylmercapturic acid (pre-PHMA) is a PHMA precursor that dehydrates to PHMA at acidic pH. Published analytical methods that measure urinary PHMA adjust urine samples to a wide range of pH values using several types of acid, potentially leading to highly variable results depending on the concentration of pre-PHMA in a sample. Information is lacking on the variation in sample preparation among laboratories regularly measuring PHMA and the effect of those differences on PHMA quantitation in human urine samples. To investigate the differences in PHMA quantitation, we conducted an inter-laboratory comparison that included the analysis of 50 anonymous human urine samples (25 self-identified smokers and 25 self-identified non-smokers), quality control samples and commercially available reference samples in five laboratories using different analytical methods. Observed urinary PHMA concentrations were proportionally higher at lower pH, and results for anonymous urine samples varied widely among the methods. The method with the neutral preparation pH yielded results about 60% lower than the method using the most acidic conditions. Samples spiked with PHMA showed little variation, suggesting that the variability in results in human urine samples across methods is driven by the acid-mediated conversion of pre-PHMA to PHMA.

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