scholarly journals Effects of Physical Activity and Exercise on Women’s Bone Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Troy ◽  
Megan E. Mancuso ◽  
Tiffiny A. Butler ◽  
Joshua E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

In 2011 over 1.7 million people were hospitalized because of a fragility fracture, and direct costs associated with osteoporosis treatment exceeded 70 billion dollars in the United States. Failure to reach and maintain optimal peak bone mass during adulthood is a critical factor in determining fragility fracture risk later in life. Physical activity is a widely accessible, low cost, and highly modifiable contributor to bone health. Here, we will review the evidence linking exercise and physical activity to bone health in women. Bone structure and quality will be discussed, especially in the context of clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. We will review the mechanisms governing bone metabolism in the context of physical activity and exercise. Questions such as, when during life is exercise most effective, and what specific types of exercises improve bone health, will be addressed. Finally, we will discuss some emerging areas of research on this topic, and will summarize areas of need and opportunity.

Bone Health, Daily Physical Activity, and Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

CHEST Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Tejero García ◽  
Miguel A. Giráldez Sánchez ◽  
Pilar Cejudo ◽  
Esther Quintana Gallego ◽  
Javier Dapena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

Physical activity, physical fitness, and bone health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han C.G. Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

This chapter reviews (i) the different methods to measure bone mass, (ii) the growth and development of bone mass during childhood and adolescence, (iii) the effects of physical activity and exercise on physical fitness and bone health during youth, and (iv) the most effective exercise regimens to strengthen the bone.

Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Exercise Training in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
I-Min Lee ◽  
Corby K. Martin ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

Identification of osteoporosis treatment gaps

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Christopher Hemmer ◽  
Karen Moore
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
History Of

Background/aims Osteoporosis is implicated in over 8.9 million fragility fractures worldwide with a cost in the United States of America of 19 billion dollars. The number of osteoporosis-related fractures and the associated human and financial costs are projected to continue to rise as the American population ages (Zeldow, 2018). Screening and identification of patients with decreased bone density can prevent or delay the onset of this insidious condition. This study was developed to evaluate the following research questions: 1. Which risk factors are most strongly associated with the completion of Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening? 2. When patients are provided instruction on osteoporosis screening guidelines from a health care provider, how likely are they to comply with DXA screening? 3. Which healthcare providers are providing instruction on osteoporosis guidelines to patients? Methods A 22-question osteoporosis survey addressing history of fracture, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, and compliance with recommendations was developed by the authors and distributed to a sample of 270 patients presenting to medical offices during a 1-month period in 2018. Results It was found that 49.26% (n=133) of patients reported they received counseling regarding osteoporosis prevention while 50.74% (n=137) of patients reported that bone health was never addressed by any healthcare provider. Those healthcare providers that did discuss bone health with their patients were noted to most frequently practice in the primary care setting 30.7% (n=83). Other healthcare providers patients identified in the survey as discussing bone health were specialists in orthopaedics at 8.5% (n=23), obstetrics/gynecology 7% (n=19), rheumatology 2.6% (n=7), oncology 2.9% (n=8), and endocrinology 1% (n=3). The risk factors most strongly associated with the completion of DXA screening in this survey were loss of height, fracture after 50 years of age, and oral corticosteroid use. Conclusions Osteoporosis is considered a ‘silent disease’ that often goes unrecognised by providers and patients until after fracture occurs. This study highlights the need for providers to educate on bone health and to find better ways to ensure patient compliance.

scholarly journals Adaptive Physical Activity for Stroke: An Early-Stage Randomized Controlled Trial in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 668-680
Author(s):  
Mary Stuart ◽  
Alexander W. Dromerick ◽  
Richard Macko ◽  
Francesco Benvenuti ◽  
Brock Beamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background. As stroke survival improves, there is an increasing need for effective, low-cost programs to reduce deconditioning and improve mobility. Objective. To conduct a phase II trial examining whether the community-based Italian Adaptive Physical Activity exercise program for stroke survivors (APA-Stroke) is safe, effective, and feasible in the United States. Methods. In this single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 76 stroke survivors with mild to moderate hemiparesis >6 months were randomized to either APA-Stroke (N = 43) or Sittercise (N = 33). APA-Stroke is a progressive group exercise regimen tailored to hemiparesis that includes walking, strength, and balance training. Sittercise, a seated, nonprogressive aerobic upper body general exercise program, served as the control. Both interventions were 1 hour, 3 times weekly, in 5 community locations, supervised by exercise instructors. Results. A total of 76 participants aged 63.9 ± 1.2 years, mean months poststroke 61.8 ± 9.3, were included. There were no serious adverse events; completion rates were 58% for APA-Stroke, 70% for Sittercise. APA-Stroke participants improved significantly in walking speed. Sample size was inadequate to demonstrate significant between-group differences. Financial and logistical feasibility of the program has been demonstrated. Ongoing APA classes have been offered to >200 participants in county Senior Centers since study completion. Conclusion. APA-Stroke shows great promise as a low-cost, feasible intervention. It significantly increased walking speed. Safety and feasibility in the US context are demonstrated. A pivotal clinical trial is required to determine whether APA-Stroke should be considered standard of care.

scholarly journals The effect of physical activity and its interaction with nutrition on bone health

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh M. Murphy ◽  
Paula Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Unusual Distribution ◽  
Theory Research ◽  
The Impact

Physical activity (PA) is a popular therapy for the prevention and treatment of bone loss and osteoporosis because it has no adverse side effects, it is low cost, and it confers additional benefits such as postural stability and fall prevention. Bone mass is regulated by mechanical loading, and is limited but not controlled by diet. The mechanism by which strain thresholds turn bone remodelling ‘on’ and ‘off ’ is known as the mechanostat theory. Research in animals has shown that optimal strains are dynamic, with a high change rate, an unusual distribution and a high magnitude of strain, but the results of randomized controlled trials in human subjects have been somewhat equivocal. In the absence of weight-bearing activity nutritional or endocrine interventions cannot maintain bone mass. Biochemical markers of bone turnover predict bone mass changes, and findings from our research group and others have shown that both acute and chronic exercise can reduce bone resorption. Similarly, Ca intervention studies have shown that supplementation can reduce bone resorption. Several recent meta-analytical reviews concur that changes in bone mass with exercise are typically 2–3%. Some of these studies suggest that Ca intake may influence the impact of PA on bone, with greater effects in Ca-replete subjects. Comparative studies between Asian (high PA, low Ca intake) and US populations (low PA, high Ca intake) suggest that PA may permit an adaptation to low Ca intakes. Whether Ca and PA interact synergistically is one of the most important questions unanswered in the area of lifestyle-related bone health research.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Exercise Outcomes in Huntington Disease (PACE-HD): Protocol for a 12-Month Trial Within Cohort Evaluation of a Physical Activity Intervention in People With Huntington Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1201-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheney J G Drew ◽  
Lori Quinn ◽  
Katy Hamana ◽  
Rhys Williams-Thomas ◽  
Lucy Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Study ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise

AbstractBackgroundExercise is emerging as an important aspect in the management of disease-related symptoms and functional decline in people with Huntington disease (HD). Long-term evaluation of physical activity and exercise participation in HD has yet to be undertaken.ObjectiveThe objective is to investigate the feasibility of a nested randomized controlled trial (RCT) alongside a longitudinal observational study of physical activity and exercise outcomes in people with HD.DesignThis will be a 12-month longitudinal observational study (n = 120) with a nested evaluation of a physical activity intervention (n = 30) compared with usual activity (n = 30) using a “trial within a cohort” design.SettingThe study will take place in HD specialist clinics in Germany, Spain, and the United States, with intervention delivery in community settings.ParticipantsThe participants will have early-mid–stage HD and be participating in the Enroll-HD study.InterventionThis will be a 12-month physical activity behavioral change intervention, delivered by physical therapists in 18 sessions, targeting uptake of aerobic exercise and increased physical activity.MeasurementsAll participants (n = 120) will complete Enroll-HD assessments (motor, cognitive, behavioral, and quality of life) at baseline and at 12 months. Additional Physical ACtivity and Exercise Outcomes in Huntington Disease (PACE-HD) assessments include fitness (predicted maximal oxygen uptake [V  o2max]), self-reported and quantitative measures of physical activity, disease-specific symptoms, and walking endurance. RCT participants (n = 60) will complete an additional battery of quantitative motor assessments and a 6-month interim assessment. Enroll-HD data will be linked to PACE-HD physical activity and fitness data.LimitationsThe limitations include that the embedded RCT is open, and assessors at RCT sites are not blinded to participant allocation.ConclusionPACE-HD will enable determination of the feasibility of long-term physical activity interventions in people with HD. The novel “trial within a cohort” design and incorporation of data linkage have potential to reduce participant burden. This design could be applied to other neurological diseases and movement disorders where recruitment and retention are challenging.

Systematic approaches to fragility fracture prevention

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
D. B. Lee ◽  
P. J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Fracture Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fracture Liaison Service ◽  
Reimbursement Mechanisms ◽  
Future Fracture ◽  
National Coalition ◽  
Fracture Liaison

SummaryIndividuals who have suffered fractures caused by osteoporosis – also known as fragility fractures – are the most readily identifiable group at high risk of suffering future fractures. Globally, the majority of these individuals do not receive the secondary preventive care that they need. The Fracture Liaison Service model (FLS) has been developed to ensure that fragility fracture patients are reliably identified, investigated for future fracture and falls risk, and initiated on treatment in accordance with national clinical guidelines. FLS have been successfully established in Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania, and their widespread implementation is endorsed by leading national and international osteoporosis organisations. Multi-sector coalitions have expedited inclusion of FLS into national policy and reimbursement mechanisms. The largest national coalition, the National Bone Health Alliance (NBHA) in the United States, provides an exemplar of achieving participation and consensus across sectors. Initiatives developed by NBHA could serve to inform activities of new and emerging coalitions in other countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document