scholarly journals Chronic Pediatric Pain in Low and Middle Income Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Walters ◽  
Matthew Kynes ◽  
Jenna Sobey ◽  
Tsitsi Chimhundu-Sithole ◽  
Kelly McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pediatric Pain ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Pediatric Patient Population ◽  
Pain Services ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Chronic pain is a serious health concern and potentially debilitating condition, leading to anxiety, depression, reduced productivity and functionality, and poor quality of life. This condition can be even more detrimental and incapacitating in the pediatric patient population. In low and middle income countries (LMICs), pain services are inadequate or unavailable, leaving most of the world's pediatric population with chronic pain untreated. Many of these children in LMICs are suffering without treatment, and often die in pain. Awareness and advocacy for this population must be prioritized. We reviewed the available literature on the chronic pediatric pain burden in LMICs, barriers to treatments, and current efforts to treat these patients.

scholarly journals Advancing Age in Africa, the Urgent Need for Institutional Geriatric Care in a Low Resource Setting: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-420
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kobina Mesi Edzie ◽  
Klenam Dzefi-Tettey ◽  
Philip Narteh Gorleku ◽  
Frank Naku Ghartey ◽  
Madison Adanusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Geriatric Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: The demand for geriatric care has been on the increase throughout the world, especially in the developing, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), due to increasing life expectancy, improvement in technology in healthcare industry coupled with increasing numbers of healthcare personnel. Nonetheless, these increases in the resources to the healthcare industry are still woefully inadequate in the developing and LMICs, compared to the high demand for such services, thereby exposing the drastic challenges and gaps in geriatric services in these countries. Case Presentation: A 74-year-old woman apparently well, who was relocated from the rural area by her biological daughter, with the intention of giving her better care in a comfortable city environment. She was initially appreciative of the relocation. However, the situation went sour when her daughter and son-in-law resumed work after their annual leave period. They started locking her up in a well-furnished mansion with everything she may need until they returned from work. Consistently for eight working days, she was kept under lock and key because they did not want her to roam around the community, they thought was not familiar to her with the intention of keeping her safe. Everything was fine until they returned from work one day to find that she had soiled the house with her excrement, apparently as a protest against her consistent lock-up. This necessitated their visit to the hospital. A diagnosis of social isolation was made after clinical and mental state examination and appropriate interventions were instituted. The patient consequently became fine in the new environment. Conclusion: This case has been presented in order to emphasize the need to improve the systems for geriatric care which is of public health concern, especially as the life expectancy of the developing, low- and middle-income countries keep improving.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Global Burden of Chronic Pain Without Clear Etiology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Jackson ◽  
Sarah Thomas ◽  
Victoria Stabile ◽  
Matthew Shotwell ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Fighting poor-quality medicines in low- and middle-income countries: the importance of advocacy and pedagogy

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Ravinetto ◽  
Daniel Vandenbergh ◽  
Cécile Macé ◽  
Corinne Pouget ◽  
Brigitte Renchon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals The differential impact of pediatric COVID-19 between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of fatality and ICU admission in children worldwide

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0246326
Author(s):  
Taito Kitano ◽  
Mao Kitano ◽  
Carsten Krueger ◽  
Hassan Jamal ◽  
Hatem Al Rawahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
High Income ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background The overall global impact of COVID-19 in children and regional variability in pediatric outcomes are presently unknown. Methods To evaluate the magnitude of global COVID-19 death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in children aged 0–19 years, a systematic review was conducted for articles and national reports as of December 7, 2020. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020179696). Results We reviewed 16,027 articles as well as 225 national reports from 216 countries. Among the 3,788 global pediatric COVID-19 deaths, 3,394 (91.5%) deaths were reported from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), while 83.5% of pediatric population from all included countries were from LMIC. The pediatric deaths/1,000,000 children and case fatality rate (CFR) were significantly higher in LMIC than in high-income countries (HIC) (2.77 in LMIC vs 1.32 in HIC; p < 0.001 and 0.24% in LMIC vs 0.01% in HIC; p < 0.001, respectively). The ICU admission/1,000,000 children was 18.80 and 1.48 in HIC and LMIC, respectively (p < 0.001). The highest deaths/1,000,000 children and CFR were in infants < 1 year old (10.03 and 0.58% in the world, 5.39 and 0.07% in HIC and 10.98 and 1.30% in LMIC, respectively). Conclusions The study highlights that there may be a larger impact of pediatric COVID-19 fatality in LMICs compared to HICs.

Chronic Pain Without Clear Etiology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2028-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Jackson ◽  
Sarah Thomas ◽  
Victoria Stabile ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
Matthew Shotwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Interviewer effects on the reporting of intimate partner violence in the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Heath Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Nicholas Metheny ◽  
Rob Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Intimate partner violence is a global public health concern that is widely under-reported. Socio-demographic factors of the interviewer may contribute to a reluctance to report violence. The introduction of the fieldworker survey to the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey provides the first opportunity to test associations between interviewer characteristics and the reporting of intimate partner violence in the largest source of IPV data on intimate partner violence available for low- and middle-income countries. Three separate, multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine associations between the reporting of physical, sexual and emotional intimate partner violence and interviewer characteristics (age, sex and marital status, as well as differences in these indicators between interviewer and respondent), language of the interview and the interviewer’s previous experience conducting the Demographic and Health Survey. Previous experience as a Demographic and Health Survey interviewer was associated with significantly lower odds (OR: 0.67) of reporting physical intimate partner violence. Researchers should consider using the fieldworker data set in future studies to control for potential interviewer error, account for the clustering of data by interviewer and increase the robustness of Demographic and Health Survey analyses. Understanding how interviewers may shape the reporting of intimate partner violence is a step towards accurately measuring its burden in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Determining Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Factors in Cameroon: A Multilevel Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Bight Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Mpho Keetile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multilevel Logistic Regression ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background. Anemia constitutes a major public health concern, which is associated with maternal and perinatal mortality. In low- and middle-income countries, the burden of anemia is profoundly high. Cameroon, as one of the low- and middle-income countries, has a disproportionate anemia burden. Factors associated with anemia prevalence are largely unknown in Cameroon. Hence, we determined the prevalence of anemia and its individual/household and community-level factors among adult women in Cameroon. Methods. We derived data from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey for analysis in this study. Using the Stata version 14 software, univariate multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to select variables that had significant association with anemia at p < 0.05 . Statistically significant variables were included in a multivariable multilevel logistic regression modelling to examine their associations with anemia. Results were reported using adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. A total of 6,809 women aged 15-49 years were involved in this study with a mean age 30 ± 11.87 years. Approximately two-fifths of women were anemic. Of them, 0.8% were severely anemic, while 17.4% and 21.5% were moderately and mildly anemic, respectively. Current employment status (yes AOR = 0.77 , 95% CI; 0.61-0.96) and parity (1-2 children AOR = 0.61 , 95% CI; 0.44-0.86) were the main individual level factors associated with anemia, whereas region (Douala region AOR = 2.65 , 95% CI; 1.61-4.36, North-West region AOR = 0.53 , 95% CI; 0.28-0.99) was the community-level factor associated with anaemia. Conclusion. Empowerment of women through employment opportunities as well as focusing special attention in region where high prevalence of anemia could be crucial to decrease the burden of anemia and related maternal and perinatal mortality in the country.

The Adaptation of Pain Assessment Tools from High-Income to Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Psychometric Properties of a Set of Chronic Pain Questionnaires in Mongolian and New Zealand Patient Samples

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie L Tuck ◽  
Bayalagmaa Khuvtsagaan ◽  
Usman Rashid ◽  
Tipu Aamir ◽  
Roger Goucke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
High Income ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Objective Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability in low- and middle-income countries; however, pain assessment tools have generally been developed and validated in high-income countries. This study examines the psychometric properties of a set of translated pain (and distress) questionnaires in Mongolia and documents the characteristics of people seeking treatment for chronic pain in Mongolia, compared with those in New Zealand, which is representative of high-income countries. Design Cross-sectional, observational. Setting Hospital-based pain treatment centers in New Zealand and Mongolia. Subjects People seeking treatment for chronic pain in Mongolia (N = 142) and New Zealand (N = 159). Methods The Brief Pain Inventory, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire were translated into Mongolian and administered to patients attending a hospital-based pain service. Questionnaires that were completed by patients in New Zealand were used for comparisons. Internal reliability, convergent validity, and factor structure were assessed in both groups. Results Patients in Mongolia were older and reported lower pain intensity, interference, and distress and higher pain self-efficacy than those in New Zealand. The translated questionnaires had good internal consistencies, and the relationships between pain variables were similar across both groups. The factor structure for the Pain Catastrophizing Scale was consistent across both groups, but this was not the case for the Brief Pain Inventory or the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21. Conclusions Findings indicate that some pain outcome measures may be appropriate for use in Mongolia and should be investigated in other low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Crisis Creates Opportunity towards Global Monitoring & Surveillance

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Ahmed Donia ◽  
Sammer-ul Hassan ◽  
Xunli Zhang ◽  
Lamiaa Al-Madboly ◽  
Habib Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
High Income ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The spectrum of emerging new diseases as well as re-emerging old diseases is broadening as infectious agents evolve, adapt, and spread at enormous speeds in response to changing ecosystems. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recent phenomenon and may take a while to understand its transmission routes from less traveled territories, ranging from fomite exposure routes to wastewater transmission. The critical challenge is how to negotiate with such catastrophic pandemics in high-income countries (HICs ~20% of the global population) and low-and middle-income countries (LMICs ~ 80% of the global population) with a total global population size of approximately eight billion, where practical mass testing and tracing is only a remote possibility, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Keeping in mind the population distribution disparities of high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs and urbanisation trends over recent years, traditional wastewater-based surveillance such as that used to combat polio may help in addressing this challenge. The COVID-19 era differs from any previous pandemics or global health challenges in the sense that there is a great deal of curiosity within the global community to find out everything about this virus, ranging from diagnostics, potential vaccines/therapeutics, and possible routes of transmission. In this regard, the fact that the gut is the common niche for both poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2, and due to the shedding of the virus through faecal material into sewerage systems, the need for long-term wastewater surveillance and developing early warning systems for better preparedness at local and global levels is increasingly apparent. This paper aims to provide an insight into the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, how it can be managed, and what measures are required to deal with a current global international public health concern. Additionally, it shed light on the importance of using wastewater surveillance strategy as an early warning practical tool suitable for massive passive screening, as well as the urgent need for microfluidic technology as a rapid and cost-effective approach tracking SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.

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