Assessing Cognitive and Social Attitudes Toward Environmental Conservation in Coral Reef Social-Ecological Systems

Study Participant ◽

Virgin Islands ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Us Virgin Islands ◽

Graded Response ◽

Multiple Alternative ◽

Latent Scale

This study addresses the latent construct of attitudes towards environmental conservation based on study participant’s responses. We measured and evaluated the latent scale based on an 18-item scale instrument, over four experimental strata (N=945) in the US Virgin Islands and the Caribbean. We estimated the latent scale reliability and validity. We further fitted multiple alternative two-parameter logistic (2PL) and graded response models (GRM) from Item-Response Theory. We finally constructed and fitted equivalent structural and generalized structural equation models (SEM/GSEM) for the attitudinal latent scale. All scale measures (composite, alpha-based, IRT-based and SEM-based) were consistently and reliably valid measures of the study participants’ latent attitudes toward conservation. We found statistically significant differences among participant’s attributes relating to socio-demographic, physical and core environmental characteristics of participants. We assert that the nature of relationship between cognitive attitudes and individual as well as social behavior related to environmental conservation.

Validity and calibration of the FFQ used in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016000690 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (13) ◽

pp. 2357-2368 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Julie K Bassett ◽

Dallas R English ◽

Michael T Fahey ◽

Andrew B Forbes ◽

Lyle C Gurrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Monounsaturated Fat ◽

Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study ◽

Calibration Coefficients

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and validity of the FFQ administered to participants in the follow-up of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), and to provide calibration coefficients.DesignA random sample stratified by country of birth, age, sex and BMI was selected from MCCS participants. Participants completed two FFQ and three 24 h recalls over 1 year. Reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Validity coefficients (VC) were estimated from structural equation models and calibration coefficients obtained from regression calibration models.SettingAdults born in Australia, Greece or Italy.SubjectsNine hundred and sixty-five participants consented to the study; of these, 459 participants were included in the reliability analyses and 615 in the validity and calibration analyses.ResultsThe FFQ showed good repeatability for twenty-three nutrients with ICC ranging from 0·66 to 0·80 for absolute nutrient intakes for Australian-born and from 0·51 to 0·74 for Greek/Italian-born. For Australian-born, VC ranged from 0·46 (monounsaturated fat) to 0·83 (Ca) for nutrient densities, comparing well with other studies. For Greek/Italian-born, VC were between 0·21 (Na) and 0·64 (riboflavin). Calibration coefficients for nutrient densities ranged from 0·39 (retinol) to 0·74 (Mg) for Australian-born and from 0·18 (Zn) to 0·54 (riboflavin) for Greek/Italian-born.ConclusionsThe FFQ used in the MCCS follow-up study is suitable for estimating energy-adjusted nutrients for Australian-born participants. However, its performance for estimating intakes is poorer for southern European migrants and alternative dietary assessment methods ought to be considered if dietary data are to be measured in similar demographic groups.

Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Ethnically Diverse Women at Risk for HIV

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198105285328 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 297-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shirley A. Gazabon ◽

Patricia J. Morokoff ◽

Lisa L. Harlow ◽

Rose Marie Ward ◽

Kathryn Quina

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Native Americans ◽

Transtheoretical Model ◽

Structural Equation ◽

White Women ◽

Strong Support ◽

Unprotected Sex ◽

Minority Women

The purpose of this study is to compare the reliability and predictability of transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs when applied to minority and White women at risk for HIV. Participants consisted of 332 women, including Blacks, Asians, Hispanics, Native Americans, other non-Whites, and Whites. The results supported the reliability and validity of the TTM variables for minority women as well as for White women. Hierarchical multiple regressions demonstrated that TTM variables were able to predict over and above demographic variables. Structural equation models indicate strong support for a mediational model in which the pros and cons predict condom stage of change and unprotected sex though the mediation of self-efficacy. This study provides strong support for TTM scales applied to minority as well as White women at risk for HIV. The authors discuss how these variables might be incorporated into interventions aimed at increasing condom use in minority women.

A Graded Response Model Framework for Questionnaires With Uniform Response Formats

Applied Psychological Measurement ◽

10.1177/0146621618789394 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 290-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dirk Lubbe ◽

Christof Schuster

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

General Purpose ◽

Response Model ◽

Graded Response Model ◽

Model Framework ◽

Response Formats ◽

Graded Response ◽

Ordered Categorical

Questionnaires with uniform-ordered categorical response formats are widely applied in psychology. Muraki proposed a modified graded response model accounting for the items’ uniform response formats by assuming identical threshold parameters defining the category boundaries for all items. What is not well known is that there is a set of closely related models, which similarly assume identical thresholds. The present article gives a framework illustrating the differences between these models and their utility for understanding questionnaire responses in detail. The models are explained as constrained cases of a one-dimensional factor model for ordered categorical data. Furthermore, the authors show that the models can be written and fitted as structural equation models, which allows for a very flexible and general purpose use. Instructions on implementing the models in Mplus and SAS PROC NLMIXED are given.

Using a brief questionnaire to assess the overall perceptions of basketball spectators

Sport Business and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/sbm-03-2014-0009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 212-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ferran Calabuig Moreno ◽

Josep Crespo Hervás ◽

Vicente J. Prado-Gascó ◽

Juan M. Núñez-Pomar

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Latin American ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Perceived Value ◽

Path Model ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Content Type ◽

Validity Indices

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first aim is to obtain a valid and reliable instrument for the holistic analysis of sporting events, and the second is to test a causal model in which future intentions depend on spectators’ perceptions of quality, satisfaction, and value of these events. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 493 spectators of a professional basketball team in the Spanish ACB league responded to a survey to measure the overall performance of the sporting event service. Exploratory factor analysis and further confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation models provides the methodology for testing the reliability and validity of the instrument. Findings – The scales have adequate reliability and validity indices. The path model explains 35.8 percent of the variance in future intentions, 54.0 percent in perceived value, and 49.5 percent in spectators’ satisfaction. Quality proves a better predictor of perceived value than satisfaction. Both perceived value and satisfaction have a similar weight in predicting spectators’ future intentions. The data indicate that quality has an effect on spectators’ future intentions, by altering their perceptions of value and satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – The research findings are somewhat limited, due to the sample consisting entirely of spectators of a single team in the Spanish ACB league. Practical implications – Managers can use these findings to develop loyalty strategies by creating service value and increasing spectators’ satisfaction through quality improvements. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature on service quality by providing an overall measure to assess service in professional sporting events in a Latin-American context.

Extending Planned Environmentalism

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.13.4.288 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 288-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Florian G. Kaiser ◽

P. Wesley Schultz ◽

Jaime Berenguer ◽

Victor Corral-Verdugo ◽

Geetika Tankha

Keyword(s):

Planned Behavior ◽

Behavioral Intention ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavior Theory ◽

Planned Behavior Theory ◽

Different Cultures

This paper cross-culturally tests an extended version of the planned behavior theory. Using cross-sectional surveys of 801 university students from four different cultures (high vs. low individualism, and English- vs. Spanish-speaking), we expected anticipated feelings of guilt to predict behavioral intention in cultures high on individualism, whereas anticipated feelings of embarrassment would be predictive of intention in cultures low on individualism. Results from a series of structural equation models showed that anticipated embarrassment had virtually the same effect as guilt across all four cultures. Although technically distinct, anticipated guilt and embarrassment were nearly indistinguishable from an individual perspective so that either concept is able to increase the explanatory power of the planned behavior theory for environmental conservation.

The Influence of Attitudes towards Cycling and Walking on Travel Intentions and Actual Behavior

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092554 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2554 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jesús García ◽

Rosa Arroyo ◽

Lidón Mars ◽

Tomás Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Travel Behavior ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Actual Behavior ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Walking Behavior ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

On Line

The design and implementation of effective transport policies to reduce car use in urban areas requires a deep comprehension of the factors that influence travel behavior. In this context, psychological factors play an important role in explaining travel-related decisions. The purpose of this paper is to present a study on the effects of cognitive, affective and behavioral attitudes towards the use of walking and cycling on both intentions and real use of cars, public transport, bicycles, and walking. The data used was obtained from an on-line survey carried out in 2017. Analyses included reliability and validity of the questionnaire, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation models. Results indicate that cycling and walking are evaluated differently in terms of feelings of freedom, pleasure, and relaxation. Positive evaluation of elements related to past walking behavior are negatively associated to both the intention to walk and actual walking. Transport policies to encourage cycling should be different from those with the aim of promoting walking. Positive attitudes towards walking are not enough to increase real walking.

Reliability and Validity Appraisal Through Structural Equation Models

Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique ◽

10.1177/075910639002800103 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 41-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John Bynner

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Reliability And Validity

Measuring Variability and Change With an Item Response Model for Polytomous Variables

Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics ◽

10.3102/10769986023003193 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 193-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Michael Eid ◽

Lore Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Latent Variable ◽

Structural Equation ◽

A Priori ◽

Latent Trait ◽

Response Model ◽

Graded Response Model ◽

Item Response Model ◽

Interindividual Differences ◽

Graded Response

An extension of the graded response model of Samejima (1969) for the measurement of variability and change is presented. In this model it is assumed that an occasion-specific latent variable is decomposed into (a) a person-specific variable (a trait variable) and (b) an occasion-specific deviation variable measuring the variability caused by situational and/or interactional effects. Furthermore, it is assumed that interindividual differences in intraindividual trait change occur between a priori specified periods of time. The correlations of the latent trait variables between periods of time indicate the degree of (trait) change. It is shown how the parameters of the model can be estimated and some implications of the model can be tested with structural equation models for ordered variables. Finally, the model is illustrated by an application to the measurement of students’ interest in the topic of radioactivity. Based on the results of a longitudinal study of students over 4’years, it is shown that a model considering two periods of time—one before and one after the incident in Chernobyl—fits well. According to the accepted model, it can be concluded that 30% to 60% of the variance of interest in radioactivity on an occasion of measurement are due to situational and/or interactional effects. The autocorrelations of the latent trait variables between both periods of time (r = .72 and r = .76, respectively) indicate that there are interindividual differences in intraindividual changes on the level of the latent trait variables.

Testing a Comprehensive Model of Organizational Justice Perceptions and Personal States with Personal and Organizational Outcomes

International Journal of Business and Management ◽

10.5539/ijbm.v15n2p17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Aharon Tziner ◽

Erich C. Fein ◽

Cristinel Vasiliu

Keyword(s):

Organizational Justice ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Work Motivation ◽

Organizational Outcomes ◽

Member Exchange ◽

Justice Perceptions ◽

Parsimonious Model ◽

High Level

Managers need to understand the types of perceptions, feelings, and reactions they should elicit from personnel under their direction. To this end, a parsimonious model is required. However, few comprehensive models linking managerial behaviours to employee states and outcomes have been developed and tested. Accordingly, this research articulates the importance of three critical constructs - leader–member exchange (LMX), job satisfaction, and perceived organizational justice – and associations with emotional exhaustion, work motivation, workplace misbehavior, and emotional intelligence as a concise and efficient model that explains the relationships between attitudes and states within individuals, and related, important work and personal outcomes. The model displayed a very high level of reliability and validity based on the exceptional fit of the structural equation models across two very large samples (over 1600 participants in each study).

Measuring the Big Five in Self-Report and Other Ratings

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.16.1.31 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 31-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Claudio Barbaranelli ◽

Gian Vittorio Caprara

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Error Variance ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Third Person ◽

Fit Indexes ◽

Response Modes

Summary: The aim of the study is to assess the construct validity of two different measures of the Big Five, matching two “response modes” (phrase-questionnaire and list of adjectives) and two sources of information or raters (self-report and other ratings). Two-hundred subjects, equally divided in males and females, were administered the self-report versions of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) and the Big Five Observer (BFO), a list of bipolar pairs of adjectives ( Caprara, Barbaranelli, & Borgogni, 1993 , 1994 ). Every subject was rated by six acquaintances, then aggregated by means of the same instruments used for the self-report, but worded in a third-person format. The multitrait-multimethod matrix derived from these measures was then analyzed via Structural Equation Models according to the criteria proposed by Widaman (1985) , Marsh (1989) , and Bagozzi (1994) . In particular, four different models were compared. While the global fit indexes of the models were only moderate, convergent and discriminant validities were clearly supported, and method and error variance were moderate or low.