Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Ethnically Diverse Women at Risk for HIV

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Gazabon ◽  
Patricia J. Morokoff ◽  
Lisa L. Harlow ◽  
Rose Marie Ward ◽  
Kathryn Quina
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
White Women ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Minority Women

The purpose of this study is to compare the reliability and predictability of transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs when applied to minority and White women at risk for HIV. Participants consisted of 332 women, including Blacks, Asians, Hispanics, Native Americans, other non-Whites, and Whites. The results supported the reliability and validity of the TTM variables for minority women as well as for White women. Hierarchical multiple regressions demonstrated that TTM variables were able to predict over and above demographic variables. Structural equation models indicate strong support for a mediational model in which the pros and cons predict condom stage of change and unprotected sex though the mediation of self-efficacy. This study provides strong support for TTM scales applied to minority as well as White women at risk for HIV. The authors discuss how these variables might be incorporated into interventions aimed at increasing condom use in minority women.

scholarly journals Validity and calibration of the FFQ used in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2357-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie K Bassett ◽  
Dallas R English ◽  
Michael T Fahey ◽  
Andrew B Forbes ◽  
Lyle C Gurrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study ◽  
Calibration Coefficients

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and validity of the FFQ administered to participants in the follow-up of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), and to provide calibration coefficients.DesignA random sample stratified by country of birth, age, sex and BMI was selected from MCCS participants. Participants completed two FFQ and three 24 h recalls over 1 year. Reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Validity coefficients (VC) were estimated from structural equation models and calibration coefficients obtained from regression calibration models.SettingAdults born in Australia, Greece or Italy.SubjectsNine hundred and sixty-five participants consented to the study; of these, 459 participants were included in the reliability analyses and 615 in the validity and calibration analyses.ResultsThe FFQ showed good repeatability for twenty-three nutrients with ICC ranging from 0·66 to 0·80 for absolute nutrient intakes for Australian-born and from 0·51 to 0·74 for Greek/Italian-born. For Australian-born, VC ranged from 0·46 (monounsaturated fat) to 0·83 (Ca) for nutrient densities, comparing well with other studies. For Greek/Italian-born, VC were between 0·21 (Na) and 0·64 (riboflavin). Calibration coefficients for nutrient densities ranged from 0·39 (retinol) to 0·74 (Mg) for Australian-born and from 0·18 (Zn) to 0·54 (riboflavin) for Greek/Italian-born.ConclusionsThe FFQ used in the MCCS follow-up study is suitable for estimating energy-adjusted nutrients for Australian-born participants. However, its performance for estimating intakes is poorer for southern European migrants and alternative dietary assessment methods ought to be considered if dietary data are to be measured in similar demographic groups.

Using a brief questionnaire to assess the overall perceptions of basketball spectators

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran Calabuig Moreno ◽  
Josep Crespo Hervás ◽  
Vicente J. Prado-Gascó ◽  
Juan M. Núñez-Pomar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Validity Indices

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first aim is to obtain a valid and reliable instrument for the holistic analysis of sporting events, and the second is to test a causal model in which future intentions depend on spectators’ perceptions of quality, satisfaction, and value of these events. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 493 spectators of a professional basketball team in the Spanish ACB league responded to a survey to measure the overall performance of the sporting event service. Exploratory factor analysis and further confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation models provides the methodology for testing the reliability and validity of the instrument. Findings – The scales have adequate reliability and validity indices. The path model explains 35.8 percent of the variance in future intentions, 54.0 percent in perceived value, and 49.5 percent in spectators’ satisfaction. Quality proves a better predictor of perceived value than satisfaction. Both perceived value and satisfaction have a similar weight in predicting spectators’ future intentions. The data indicate that quality has an effect on spectators’ future intentions, by altering their perceptions of value and satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – The research findings are somewhat limited, due to the sample consisting entirely of spectators of a single team in the Spanish ACB league. Practical implications – Managers can use these findings to develop loyalty strategies by creating service value and increasing spectators’ satisfaction through quality improvements. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature on service quality by providing an overall measure to assess service in professional sporting events in a Latin-American context.

scholarly journals Assessing Cognitive and Social Attitudes Toward Environmental Conservation in Coral Reef Social-Ecological Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Alexandridis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Us Virgin Islands ◽  
Graded Response ◽  
Multiple Alternative ◽  
Latent Scale

This study addresses the latent construct of attitudes towards environmental conservation based on study participant’s responses. We measured and evaluated the latent scale based on an 18-item scale instrument, over four experimental strata (N=945) in the US Virgin Islands and the Caribbean. We estimated the latent scale reliability and validity. We further fitted multiple alternative two-parameter logistic (2PL) and graded response models (GRM) from Item-Response Theory. We finally constructed and fitted equivalent structural and generalized structural equation models (SEM/GSEM) for the attitudinal latent scale. All scale measures (composite, alpha-based, IRT-based and SEM-based) were consistently and reliably valid measures of the study participants’ latent attitudes toward conservation. We found statistically significant differences among participant’s attributes relating to socio-demographic, physical and core environmental characteristics of participants. We assert that the nature of relationship between cognitive attitudes and individual as well as social behavior related to environmental conservation.

scholarly journals The Influence of Attitudes towards Cycling and Walking on Travel Intentions and Actual Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús García ◽  
Rosa Arroyo ◽  
Lidón Mars ◽  
Tomás Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
On Line

The design and implementation of effective transport policies to reduce car use in urban areas requires a deep comprehension of the factors that influence travel behavior. In this context, psychological factors play an important role in explaining travel-related decisions. The purpose of this paper is to present a study on the effects of cognitive, affective and behavioral attitudes towards the use of walking and cycling on both intentions and real use of cars, public transport, bicycles, and walking. The data used was obtained from an on-line survey carried out in 2017. Analyses included reliability and validity of the questionnaire, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation models. Results indicate that cycling and walking are evaluated differently in terms of feelings of freedom, pleasure, and relaxation. Positive evaluation of elements related to past walking behavior are negatively associated to both the intention to walk and actual walking. Transport policies to encourage cycling should be different from those with the aim of promoting walking. Positive attitudes towards walking are not enough to increase real walking.

scholarly journals Scars from a Previous Epidemic among White and Black Women: Social Proximity to Zika and Fertility Intentions During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Marteleto ◽  
Molly Dondero ◽  
Andrew koepp
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
White Women ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreak ◽  
Social Proximity

The Covid-19 pandemic has led to a rise in morbidity and mortality, but its demographic consequences may not end there. Since the pandemic began, the public has experienced tremendous uncertainty and worry about SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially because scientific understanding of a novel disease takes time to develop and disseminate. During periods of extreme uncertainty and worry, people may revise their fertility intentions, drawing on their prior experiences, particularly prior epidemics. To investigate this possibility, we examine whether women’s experiences during the Zika epidemic predict their fertility intentions during the Covid-19 pandemic. We apply Structural Equation Models on unique microdata from 3,998 Brazilian women in Brazil, the country most affected by the Zika epidemic, to understand whether a novel infectious disease outbreak left lasting imprints that shape fertility intentions during a subsequent novel infectious disease outbreak, the Covid-19 pandemic, and whether these scarring effects operate differently by race. Our results demonstrate a scarring effect of one novel infectious disease outbreak to another such that a woman’s social proximity to Zika directly predicts fertility intentions three years later, during the Covid-19 pandemic, regardless of whether a woman herself had or suspected that she had Zika. Findings also show that social proximity to Zika is associated with increased perceived risk of Covid-19 infection and worry about pregnancy and fetal complications from Covid-19. Finding also show that white and non-white women have scarred differently from the Zika epidemic. Broadly, our findings speak to the transformative consequences of novel infectious disease outbreaks that go beyond mortality and health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Workaholism on Nurses’ Burnout and Disillusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Nonnis ◽  
Davide Massidda ◽  
Stefania Cuccu ◽  
Claudio G. Cortese
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
South Italy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background:The literature has shown that workaholism acts at the root of burnout, but research regarding these constructs in the nursing profession is scant. Similarly, little attention has been paid to the impact of workaholism on disillusion, which is a dimension of burnout linked to professional vocation.Objectives:Contribute to the ongoing research on the relationship between workaholism and burnout among nurses. Moreover, this study considers disillusion as a dimension to be considered when investigating the relationship between workaholism and burnout, since nursing entails professional vocation.Method:The study followed a cross-sectional design. 614 nurses of six hospitals in South Italy have compiled two Self-report questionnaires: the Dutch Utrecht WorkAholism Scale (workaholism - Italian version) and the Link Burnout Questionnaire (burnout). Part of the group of subjects was diagnosed with both syndromes or considered at risk of developing them. The impact of workaholism on burnout was examined using Structural Equation Models for each variable.Results:More than 26% of the nurses are affected by burnout whereas 21% are workaholics. Working excessively proved to be a good predictor of both psychophysical exhaustion and disillusion.Conclusions:Nurses are at risk of workaholism and burnout. The study shows that workaholism is a predictor of nurses’ burnout, in particular working excessively (a dimension of workaholism) affects their psychophysical well-being and professional vocation.

scholarly journals Testing a Comprehensive Model of Organizational Justice Perceptions and Personal States with Personal and Organizational Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Aharon Tziner ◽  
Erich C. Fein ◽  
Cristinel Vasiliu
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
High Level

Managers need to understand the types of perceptions, feelings, and reactions they should elicit from personnel under their direction. To this end, a parsimonious model is required. However, few comprehensive models linking managerial behaviours to employee states and outcomes have been developed and tested. Accordingly, this research articulates the importance of three critical constructs - leader–member exchange (LMX), job satisfaction, and perceived organizational justice – and associations with emotional exhaustion, work motivation, workplace misbehavior, and emotional intelligence as a concise and efficient model that explains the relationships between attitudes and states within individuals, and related, important work and personal outcomes. The model displayed a very high level of reliability and validity based on the exceptional fit of the structural equation models across two very large samples (over 1600 participants in each study).

Low-income minority women at risk for cervical cancer: a process to improve adherence to follow-up recommendations

2001 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia A Cardin ◽  
Richard M Grimes ◽  
Zhi Dong Jiang ◽  
Nancy Pomeroy ◽  
Luther Harrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Minority Women

Measuring the Big Five in Self-Report and Other Ratings

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Barbaranelli ◽  
Gian Vittorio Caprara
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Fit Indexes ◽  
Response Modes

Summary: The aim of the study is to assess the construct validity of two different measures of the Big Five, matching two “response modes” (phrase-questionnaire and list of adjectives) and two sources of information or raters (self-report and other ratings). Two-hundred subjects, equally divided in males and females, were administered the self-report versions of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) and the Big Five Observer (BFO), a list of bipolar pairs of adjectives ( Caprara, Barbaranelli, & Borgogni, 1993 , 1994 ). Every subject was rated by six acquaintances, then aggregated by means of the same instruments used for the self-report, but worded in a third-person format. The multitrait-multimethod matrix derived from these measures was then analyzed via Structural Equation Models according to the criteria proposed by Widaman (1985) , Marsh (1989) , and Bagozzi (1994) . In particular, four different models were compared. While the global fit indexes of the models were only moderate, convergent and discriminant validities were clearly supported, and method and error variance were moderate or low.

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