scholarly journals Effects of El-Niño, Indian Ocean Dipole and Madden-Julian Oscillation on Sea Surface Temperature and Rainfall Anomalies in Southeast Asia. Case Study: Biomass Burning Episode of 2015

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirul Islam ◽  
Andy Chan ◽  
Matthew Ashfold ◽  
Chel Gee Ooi ◽  
Majid Azari
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies

Maritime Continent (MC) positions in between Asian and Australian summer monsoons zone. Its complex topography and shallow seas around it is a major challenge for the climate researchers to model and understand it. Monsoon in this area is affected by inter-scale ocean-atmospheric interactions like El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and Madden-Julian Oscillation. Monsoon rainfall in MC (especially in Indonesia and Malaysia) profoundly exhibits its variability dependency on ocean-atmospheric phenomena in this region. This monsoon shift often introduces to dreadful events like biomass burning (BB) in Southeast Asia (SEA) which sometimes leads to severe trans-boundary haze pollution. In this study, the episode of BB in 2015 of SEA is highlighted and discussed. Observational satellite datasets are tested by performing simulations with numerical weather prediction (NWP) model using WRF-ARW (Advanced research WRF). Observed and model datasets are compared to study the sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation (rainfall) anomalies influenced by ENSO, IOD and MJO. Correlations have been recognised which explains the delayed rainfall of regular monsoon in MC due to the influence of ENSO, IOD and MJO during 2015 BB episode, eventually leading to intensification of fire and severe haze.

scholarly journals Effects of El-Niño, Indian Ocean Dipole, and Madden-Julian Oscillation on Surface Air Temperature and Rainfall Anomalies over Southeast Asia in 2015

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Islam ◽  
Andy Chan ◽  
Matthew Ashfold ◽  
Chel Ooi ◽  
Majid Azari
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies

The Maritime Continent (MC) is positioned between the Asian and Australian summer monsoons zone. The complex topography and shallow seas around it are major challenges for the climate researchers to model and understand it. It is also the centre of the tropical warm pool of Southeast Asia (SEA) and therefore the MC gets extra attention of the researchers. The monsoon in this area is affected by inter-scale ocean-atmospheric interactions such as the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Monsoon rainfall in the MC (especially in Indonesia and Malaysia) profoundly exhibits its variability dependence on ocean-atmospheric phenomena in this region. This monsoon shift often introduces to dreadful events like biomass burning (BB) in Southeast Asia (SEA) in which some led to severe trans-boundary haze pollution events in the past. In this study, the BB episode of 2015 in the MC is highlighted and discussed. Observational satellite datasets are tested by performing simulations with the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model WRF-ARW (Weather Research and Forecast—Advanced research WRF). Observed and model datasets are compared to study the surface air temperature and precipitation (rainfall) anomalies influenced by ENSO, IOD, and MJO. Links amongst these influences have been recognised and the delayed precipitation of the regular monsoon in the MC due to their influence during the 2015 BB episode is explained and accounted for, which eventually led to the intensification of fire and a severe haze.

scholarly journals ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE PHENOMENON TO THE ANOMALIES DISTRIBUTION OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN WEST SUMATERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-270
Author(s):  
Nabila Afifah Azuga ◽  
Musrifin Galib ◽  
Elizal
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Dipole Mode ◽  
The West ◽  
Sst Anomaly ◽  
Data Processing Methods

The waters of West Sumatera that face directly into Indian Ocean is strongly influenced by Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon which caused an anomaly of sea surface temperature (SST) and affect rainfall intensity in the West Sumatera Province. This research was aimed to know the effect of IOD on the distribution and anomaly of SST and rainfall intensity in West Sumatera. Data processing methods in this research is using statistical and descriptive. The data used in this research are NOAA OI-SST, Dipole Mode Index (DMI), and rainfall data from BKMG. The results showed that IOD positive occured in October 2018 and the IOD negative occured in July 2016. During the positive IOD, SST distribution values were 28 ˚C – 28,8 ˚C and SST anomaly values were ​​-1,2 to -0,4, in the negative phase the distribution of SST values were 29,8 ˚C – 30,35 ˚C and the SST anomaly values were 0,15 to 0,7. The rainfall intensity during positive IOD phase is 157 mm/month and during negative IOD phase is 525 mm/month.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a Concentration in South Sukabumi Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Author(s):  
Mamat Suhermat ◽  
Muhammad Dimyati ◽  
S. Supriatna ◽  
M. Martono
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change

Indonesia territorial waters are very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Research about the variations of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration in the southern waters of Java has been undertaken by several researchers. However, the research is still in the scope of regional scale south of Java. This research was conducted to determine the impact of climate change on sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration in Sukabumi waters. The data used consisted of IOD index anomalies, sea surface temperature and monthly chlorophyll-a concentrations from December 2002 to November 2020. Descriptive analysis was used to determine seasonal and inter-annual variability and linear regression method was used to analyze trends in changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration. The results showed that the seasonal variation was influenced by the monsoon, while the interannual variation was influenced by the Indian Ocean Dipole. Climate change causes SST and chlorophyll-a concentrations to increase. In the 2003-2020 time period, SPL increased by 0.08 °C and an increase in chlorophyll-a concentration by 0.03 mg/ m3. ABSTRAKPerairan selatan Sukabumi yang berhadapan langsung dengan samudera Hindia sangat rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Penelitian mengenai variasi suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a di perairan selatan Jawa sudah dilakukan oleh beberapa peneliti sebelumnya. Namun penelitian tersebut masih dalam lingkup skala regional selatan Jawa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan iklim terhadap suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a di Perairan selatan Sukabumi. Data-data yang digunakan terdiri dari indeks IOD, suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a bulanan periode Desember 2002 hingga November 2020. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskripsi dan regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi musiman suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a di perairan ini dipengaruhi oleh monsun, sedangkan variasi antar tahunan dipengaruhi oleh Indian Ocean Dipole. Perubahan iklim menyebabkan suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a mengalami kenaikan. Dalam periode waktu 2003-2020 suhu permukaan laut mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0,08°C dan kenaikan konsentrasi klorofil-a sebesar 0,03 mg/m3.

scholarly journals North Indian Ocean variability during the Indian Ocean dipole

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brown ◽  
C. A. Clayson ◽  
L. Kantha ◽  
T. Rojsiraphisal
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The circulation in the North Indian Ocean (NIO henceforth) is highly seasonally variable. Periodically reversing monsoon winds (southwesterly during summer and northeasterly during winter) give rise to seasonally reversing current systems off the coast of Somalia and India. In addition to this annual monsoon cycle, the NIO circulation varies semiannually because of equatorial currents reversing four times each year. These descriptions are typical, but how does the NIO circulation behave during anomalous years, during an Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) for instance? Unfortunately, in situ observational data are rather sparse and reliance has to be placed on numerical models to understand this variability. In this paper, we estimate the surface current variability from a 12-year hindcast of the NIO for 1993–2004 using a 1/2° resolution circulation model that assimilates both altimetric sea surface height anomalies and sea surface temperature. Presented in this paper is an examination of surface currents in the NIO basin during the IOD. During the non-IOD period of 2000–2004, the typical equatorial circulation of the NIO reverses four times each year and transports water across the basin preventing a large sea surface temperature difference between the western and eastern NIO. Conversely, IOD years are noted for strong easterly and westerly wind outbursts along the equator. The impact of these outbursts on the NIO circulation is to reverse the direction of the currents – when compared to non-IOD years – during the summer for negative IOD events (1996 and 1998) and during the fall for positive IOD events (1994 and 1997). This reversal of current direction leads to large temperature differences between the western and eastern NIO.

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