scholarly journals Breakfast in the United States: Food and Nutrient Intakes in Relation to Diet Quality in NHANES 2011-2014. A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative (IBRI)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Drewnowski ◽  
Colin Rehm ◽  
Florent Vieux
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Calcium Iron

Abstract: The contribution of breakfast to diet quality (DQ) can inform future dietary guidelines. This study examined breakfasts that were associated with highest-quality diets. Dietary data came from the first reported day of the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 (n=14,488). DQ measures were the Nutrient Rich Foods Index (NRF9.3) and the USDA Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI 2015). Analyses of breakfast intakes were conducted by NRF9.3 tertiles and by age and socioeconomic groups. Four out of 5 NHANES participants ate breakfast. Breakfast provided 19-22% of dietary energy depending on age. Breakfast intakes of complex carbohydrates and total sugars were higher and intakes of protein and fats were lower relative to energy intakes. Breakfast provided more that 20% of daily intakes of B vitamins, vitamins A and D, folate, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium. Eating breakfast was associated with higher NRF9.3d scores. Breakfasts associated with top tertile of NRF9.3d had more carbohydrates and less added sugars and fats. Such breakfasts had more fruit and juices, more whole grains, more milk and yogurt and less meat and eggs. Breakfast patterns that favored fruit, whole grains, and dairy were associated with healthiest diets.

scholarly journals Breakfast in the United States: Food and Nutrient Intakes in Relation to Diet Quality in National Health and Examination Survey 2011–2014. A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Drewnowski ◽  
Colin Rehm ◽  
Florent Vieux
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Calcium Iron

The contribution of breakfast to diet quality (DQ) can inform future dietary guidelines. This study examined breakfast nutrition in relation to overall DQ, using dietary data from the first reported day of the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 (n = 14,488). Relative DQ was assessed using the Nutrient Rich Foods Index (NRF9.3) and the USDA Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI 2015). The sample was stratified by NRF9.3 tertiles and by age and socioeconomic groups. Four out of 5 NHANES participants had breakfast on the day of the interview. Breakfast provided 19–22% of dietary energy depending on age. Breakfast intakes of complex carbohydrates and total sugars were proportionately higher and intakes of protein and fats were lower relative to breakfast energy intakes. Breakfast provided more that 20% of daily intakes of B vitamins, vitamins A and D, folate, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium. Eating breakfast was associated with higher NRF9.3 DQ scores. Breakfasts associated with the top tertile of NRF9.3 scores had less added sugars and fats than those associated with the bottom tertile. Such breakfasts had more fruit and juices, more whole grain products, more milk and yogurt and less meat and eggs. Breakfast patterns and food choices that favored fruit, whole grains and dairy were associated with healthiest diets.

scholarly journals Dietary intake and diet quality by weight category among a racially diverse sample of women in Birmingham, Alabama, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca B. Little ◽  
Renee Desmond ◽  
Tiffany L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Maximum Score

Abstract Diet is a modifiable contributor to health. The lack of adherence to recommended dietary guidelines may contribute to the disproportionate burden of obesity and other chronic conditions observed in the Deep South region of the United States. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe food group intake and diet quality by race and weight status of women in the Deep South. Study participants were eighty-nine healthy female volunteers (56 % black, 44 % white, mean age 39⋅7 ± 1⋅4 years) recruited from Birmingham, AL, USA. Body Mass Index (BMI) determined weight status (non-obese/obese). Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) calculated from dietary recalls assessed diet quality. Wilcoxon sum-rank test compared HEI-2010 scores by race and weight status. χ2 analysis compared the percentage of women who achieved maximum points for HEI-2010 index food components by subgroup. Caloric and macronutrient intake did not differ by race or weight status (mean kcal 1863⋅0 ± 62⋅0). Median Total HEI-2010 Score for the sample was 51⋅9 (IQR: 39⋅1–63⋅4). Although there was no statistical difference in diet quality by race, more whites achieved the maximum score for vegetable intake compared to blacks, while blacks reported higher total fruit intake. Non-obese women reported better diet quality (56⋅9 v. 46⋅1; P = 0⋅04) and eating more whole fruits, and more achieved the maximum score for protein from plant and seafood sources. In summary, differences in diet quality were observed by weight status, but not race among this sample. These results point to tailored dietary interventions for women in metropolitan areas of Alabama, USA.

scholarly journals Adherence to Dietary Guidelines in Adults by Diabetes Status: Results From the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3464
Author(s):  
Nancy López-Olmedo ◽  
Satya Jonnalagadda ◽  
Ana Basto-Abreu ◽  
Alan Reyes-García ◽  
Carolyn J. Alish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
And Control

The aims of the present study were to compare the adherence to dietary guidelines and evaluate potential differences in nutrient profiles among adults by diabetes status. We used the Mexican Alternate Healthy Eating Index (MxAHEI) to evaluate adherence to dietary guidelines. We calculated the MxAHEI scores (total and by dietary component) with scales from 0 (non-adherence) to 100 (perfect adherence) based on a food frequency questionnaire. Mean daily intakes of macronutrients and micronutrients (g, mg, mcg/1000 kcal per day) were also estimated by diabetes status. Sex-specific, multivariable linear regression models were estimated to test whether MxAHEI scores as well as nutrient intakes were different by diabetes status. Mexican adults had low adherence to the dietary guidelines irrespective of their diabetes status (score < 50 points). Among men, the MxAHEI score was 2.6 points higher among those with diabetes than those without diabetes (46.9; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 44.6, 49.2 vs. 44.3; 95% CI: 44.2, 45.6, respectively). Among women, the total MxAHEI score was similar in individuals with diabetes compared to those without diabetes. Lower intakes of carbohydrates and added sugars and higher intakes of protein, calcium, and zinc were observed in individuals with diabetes. Our findings support the development of strategies focused on promoting dietary patterns that can help to prevent and control the disease.

scholarly journals Social and demographic inequalities in diet quality in a population-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela de ASSUMPÇÃO ◽  
Semíramis Martins Álvares DOMENE ◽  
Regina Mara FISBERG ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo BARROS
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The City

Objective : To evaluate sociodemographic inequalities in the diet quality of the urban population of the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed using data from a health survey conducted in the city of Campinas in 2008-2009. Diet quality was evaluated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised. A total of 3,382 individuals aged 10 years old and older were analyzed. Results : Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised scores increased with age and education level. Women consumed more vegetables, fruits, and milk, and less sodium, meat and eggs, oils, saturated and solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars than men. Scores for whole grains, vegetables, and fruits also increased with age and education level. Conclusion: These findings point to sociodemographic segments that are more vulnerable to an inappropriate diet and identify the need of strategies to increase the consumption of whole grains, dark green vegetables, fruits, and milk, and decrease the consumption of sodium, solid fats, alcohol, and added sugar.

scholarly journals Food and beverage choices contributing to dietary guidelines adherence in the Lower Mississippi Delta

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2099-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L Thomson ◽  
Stephen J Onufrak ◽  
Carol L Connell ◽  
Jamie M Zoellner ◽  
Lisa M Tussing-Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Component Scores

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of the present study were to evaluate diet quality among Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) residents using the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) and to identify the top five dietary sources contributing to HEI-2005 components. Demographic differences in HEI-2005 scores were also explored.DesignDiet quality was evaluated using HEI-2005. Demographic differences in HEI-2005 scores were investigated using multivariable regression models adjusting for multiple comparisons. The top five dietary sources contributing to HEI-2005 components were identified by estimating and ranking mean MyPyramid equivalents overall and by demographic characteristics.SettingDietary data, based on a single 24 h recall, from the Foods of Our Delta Study 2000 (FOODS 2000) were used in the analyses.SubjectsFOODS 2000 adult participants 18 years of age or older.ResultsYounger age was the largest determinant of low diet quality in the LMD with HEI-2005 total and seven component scores declining with decreasing age. Income was not a significant factor for HEI-2005 total or component scores. The top five dietary sources differed by all five of the demographic variables, particularly for total vegetables and energy from solid fats, alcoholic beverages and added sugars (SoFAAS). Soft drinks were the leading source of SoFAAS energy intake for all demographic groups.ConclusionsThe assessment of diet quality and identification of top dietary sources revealed the presence of demographic differences for selected HEI-2005 components. These findings allow identification of food patterns and culturally appropriate messaging and highlight the difficulties of treating this region as a homogeneous population.

scholarly journals Healthy Eating Index Protocol: Review, Update, and Development Process to Reflect Dietary Guidance Across the Lifespan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 447-447
Author(s):  
Jill Reedy ◽  
TusaRebecca Pannucci ◽  
Kirsten Herrick ◽  
Jennifer Lerman ◽  
Marissa Shams-White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutrition Policy ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Infants And Toddlers

Abstract Objectives The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a measure of diet quality, independent of quantity, that can be used to assess alignment with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs), which are the basis of nutrition policy for the United States (US) government and the foundation of all federal nutrition guidance. The recently released 2020–2025 DGAs include recommendations for infants and toddlers for the first time, and necessitate a review, update, and development process of the HEI to reflect healthy eating across the lifespan. Methods Since 2005, researchers at the HHS National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion have collaborated to revise the HEI based on updates to the DGAs, and the HEI-2015 is the most recent iteration. The process includes: 1) gathering information from dietary guidelines, experts, and federal stakeholders; 2) considering substantive changes and needs for new development; and 3) completing validation analyses. Results Updates to the HEI have aimed to maintain stability, reflecting the consistency of recommendations over time. A guiding principle is to only make changes to the HEI that have a strong rationale. With no significant changes in the USDA Dietary Patterns, few changes are anticipated for the HEI for 2 years and older; instead, the emphasis for the update process is focusing on considerations for an index for infants and toddlers under 2 years. Additionally, the Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee identified the development of a scoring system (such as the HEI) for infants and toddlers as a research recommendation, because comparisons of diet quality using the HEI have thus far only been possible for Americans 2 years and older. The HEI review, update, and development process aims to consider analyses with distributions of HEI scores across the lifespan with nationally representative data and diverse cohorts. Conclusions The HEI is a valuable tool for research that can be used in nutrition interventions, epidemiology, and consumer nutrition education programs. The timely release of a new HEI will enable application across the lifespan and support additional methodological research to examine needs specific to each life stage and how to model optimal trajectories of healthy dietary patterns. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Designing Optimal Breakfast for the United States Using Linear Programming and the NHANES 2011–2014 Database: A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative (IBRI)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Vieux ◽  
Matthieu Maillot ◽  
Colin D. Rehm ◽  
Adam Drewnowski
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Nationally Representative

The quality of dietary patterns can be optimized using a mathematical technique known as linear programming (LP). LP methods have rarely been applied to individual meals. The present LP models optimized the breakfast meal for those participants in the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 who ate breakfast (n = 11,565). The Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF9.3) was a measure of diet quality. Breakfasts in the bottom tertile of NRF9.3 scores (T1) were LP-modeled to meet nutrient requirements without deviating too much from current eating habits. Separate LP models were run for children and for adults. The LP-modeled breakfasts resembled the existing ones in the top tertile of NRF9.3 scores (T3), but were more nutrient-rich. Favoring fruit, cereals, and dairy, the LP-modeled breakfasts had less meat, added sugars and fats, but more whole fruit and 100% juices, more whole grains, and more milk and yogurt. LP modeling methods can build on existing dietary patterns to construct food-based dietary guidelines and identify individual meals and/or snacks that need improvement.

scholarly journals Daily Snacking Occasions, Snack Size, and Snack Energy Density as Predictors of Diet Quality among US Children Aged 2 to 5 Years

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Kachurak ◽  
Regan L. Bailey ◽  
Adam Davey ◽  
Lauren Dabritz ◽  
Jennifer Orlet Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Daily Intakes

Whether snacks help young children meet nutritional needs or merely contribute to excessive intakes is debated. This research evaluated associations of snacking with dietary quality among US preschoolers (two to five years, n = 4217) in the 2005–2016 National Health Examination Survey (NHANES). Snacking occasions, size, and energy density (ED) were estimated from two 24-hr dietary recalls. Diet quality indices included the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015, 0–100), the mean adequacy ratio (MAR, 0–100) for five shortfall nutrients (vitamin D, calcium, fiber, potassium, and iron), and the mean % of recommended limits for added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium. Linear regressions included snacking parameters, demographics, and dietary reporting accuracy. Children had a mean HEI-2015 of 53.0, a MAR of 67.7, and intake of 121.4% of nutrients to limit. Daily snacking occasions were positively associated with HEI-2015 scores, whereas mean snack size and ED were negatively associated with HEI-2015 and MAR scores (all p < 0.05). Snack ED was positively associated with daily intakes of added sugar, saturated fat, and sodium (p < 0.001). These nationally representative findings reveal that more frequent, smaller, and less energy-dense snacks are associated with higher diet quality among US preschoolers.

scholarly journals Diet Quality of Congregate and Home-delivered Meal Recipients in the United States (P04-076-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayrouz Sakr Ashour ◽  
Edwina Wambogo ◽  
Nadine Sahyoun
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Refined Grains

Abstract Objectives 1) Examine diet quality of OAANSP meals, 2) examine diet quality of complementary food consumed in addition to the CM/HDM meal, and 3) examine diet quality of daily intake by individuals who did versus did not consume a CM/HDM meal. Background: Older adults are becoming a larger proportion of the US population, a phenomenon that will continue over the next few decades. Congregate (CM) and home-delivered meals (HDM) of the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAANP) have beneficial effects on the lives of older adults. Yet, data demonstrating value remains relatively limited, arguably leading to underfunding. Methods Data from the Administration for Community Living (ACL) Outcomes Evaluation Study was collected using a multistage clustered sample design. Data collection tools comprised a survey (including information on respondent's sociodemographics, health status, self-reported weight and height, social relationships, dietary self-reliance, participation in other nutrition assistance programs, and food security) and two 24-hour recalls. HEI-2010 was used to calculate individual and mean scores using the simple HEI scoring algorithm and the population ratio method, respectively. Radar plots were used to visualize HEI comparisons, and multiple logistic regression models were built to examine associations between diet quality and OAANSP. Results OAANSP participation was associated with HEI (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.04 for CM and HDM, respectively) and so was number of meals/day (P = 0.007 and P = 0.03 for CM and HDM, respectively). Compared to the complementary diet, OAANSP meals had better scores for total vegetables (P < 0.0001), and greens and beans (P < 0.001). The complementing diet quality for CM participants had better scores than the meal for total fruit, whole grains, seafood and plant proteins; and whole grains for HDM participant. Meals and complementing foods exceeded the dietary guidelines for sodium, refined grains, saturated fat, added sugar and total protein. HDM participants’ mean HEI score was lower on no meal-day compared to meal-day (P < 0.0001). Conclusions CM/HDM meals may need to be revised, especially for sodium, added sugar and refined grains. Adding another meal daily and expanding nutrition education may be important for a healthier diet. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Vary by Types of Food Outlets in the United States

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2717
Author(s):  
Magdalena Vinyard ◽  
Meghan Zimmer ◽  
Kirsten A. Herrick ◽  
Mary Story ◽  
Wenyen Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Outlets ◽  
Over Time

Diet quality in the United States is improving over time but remains poor. Food outlets influence diet quality and represent the environments in which individuals make choices about food purchases and intake. The objective of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to evaluate the quality of foods consumed from the four major outlets where food is obtained—stores, full-service restaurants, quick-services restaurants, and schools—and to assess changes over time. This cross-sectional study used 24 h dietary recall data from eight cycles (2003–2004 to 2017–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Linear trend estimation was used to test for changes in HEI scores over time, and balanced repeated replicate weighted linear regression was used to test for differences in total and component scores between types of food outlets. Overall, Americans are not consuming a mix of foods from any major category of food outlet that aligns with dietary guidelines. The total score for schools (65/100 points) and stores (62/100 points) was significantly higher than full-service (51/100 points) and quick-service (39/100 points) restaurants (p < 0.0001). HEI scores significantly improved over time for schools (p < 0.001), including an increase in whole grains from less than 1 point in 2003–2004 to 7 out of 10 points in 2017–2018. In 2017–2018, schools received the maximum score for total fruits, whole fruits, and dairy. Continued research on strategies for improving the quality of foods consumed from restaurants and stores is warranted.

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