scholarly journals Fish Models in Neural and Behavioral Toxicology: Expanding beyond Mortality and Teratogenicity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Patrícia Dutra Costa ◽  
Layana Aquino Moura ◽  
Sabrina Alana Gomes Pinto ◽  
Monica Gomes Lima-Maximino ◽  
Caio Maximino
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Behavioral Domains

The industry is increasingly relying on fish for toxicity assessment. However, current guidelines for toxicity assessment focus on teratogenicity and mortality. From an ecotoxicological point of view, however, these endpoints are not sensitive enough, as they are not able to detect sub-lethal or non-teratogenic effects that can nonetheless result in decreased fitness and/or inability to adapt to a changing environment, affecting whole populations. Impacts of toxicants on neurobehavioral function have the potential to affect many different life-history traits, and are easier to assess in the laboratory than in the wild. We propose that carefully-controlled laboratory experiments on different behavioral domains – including anxiety, aggression, and exploration – can increase our understanding of the ecotoxicological impacts of contaminants, since these domains are related to traits such as defense, sociality, and reproduction, directly impacting life-history traits. We review the effects of selected contaminants on these tests, focusing on larval and adult zebrafish, showing that these behavioral domains are highly sensitive to small concentrations of these substances. These strategies suggest a way forward on ecotoxicological research using fish.

scholarly journals Zebrafish Models in Neural and Behavioral Toxicology across the Life Stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Patrícia Dutra Costa ◽  
Layana Aquino Moura ◽  
Sabrina Alana Gomes Pinto ◽  
Monica Gomes Lima-Maximino ◽  
Caio Maximino
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Behavioral Domains

The industry is increasingly relying on fish for toxicity assessment. However, current guidelines for toxicity assessment focus on teratogenicity and mortality. From an ecotoxicological point of view, however, these endpoints may not reflect the “full picture” of possible deleterious effects that can nonetheless result in decreased fitness and/or inability to adapt to a changing environment, affecting whole populations. Therefore, assessing sublethal effects add relevant data covering different aspects of toxicity at different levels of analysis. Impacts of toxicants on neurobehavioral function have the potential to affect many different life-history traits, and are easier to assess in the laboratory than in the wild. We propose that carefully-controlled laboratory experiments on different behavioral domains – including anxiety, aggression, and exploration – can increase our understanding of the ecotoxicological impacts of contaminants, since these domains are related to traits such as defense, sociality, and reproduction, directly impacting life-history traits. The effects of selected contaminants on these tests are reviewed, focusing on larval and adult zebrafish, showing that these behavioral domains are highly sensitive to small concentrations of these substances. These strategies suggest a way forward on ecotoxicological research using fish.

scholarly journals Zebrafish Models in Neural and Behavioral Toxicology across the Life Stages

Fishes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Bruna Patricia Dutra Costa ◽  
Layana Aquino Moura ◽  
Sabrina Alana Gomes Pinto ◽  
Monica Lima-Maximino ◽  
Caio Maximino
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Neurobehavioral Function ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Behavioral Domains

The industry is increasingly relying on fish for toxicity assessment. However, current guidelines for toxicity assessment focus on teratogenicity and mortality. From an ecotoxicological point of view, however, these endpoints may not reflect the “full picture” of possible deleterious effects that can nonetheless result in decreased fitness and/or inability to adapt to a changing environment, affecting whole populations. Therefore, assessing sublethal effects add relevant data covering different aspects of toxicity at different levels of analysis. The impacts of toxicants on neurobehavioral function have the potential to affect many different life-history traits, and are easier to assess in the laboratory than in the wild. We propose that carefully-controlled laboratory experiments on different behavioral domains—including anxiety, aggression, and exploration—can increase our understanding of the ecotoxicological impacts of contaminants, since these domains are related to traits such as defense, sociality, and reproduction, directly impacting life-history traits. The effects of selected contaminants on these tests are reviewed, focusing on larval and adult zebrafish, showing that these behavioral domains are highly sensitive to small concentrations of these substances. These strategies suggest a way forward on ecotoxicological research using fish.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

scholarly journals Capture technique and fish personality: angling targets timid bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D.M. Wilson ◽  
Thomas R. Binder ◽  
Keegan P. McGrath ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
Jean-Guy J. Godin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Capture Technique

Size-selective harvesting associated with commercial and recreational fishing practices has been shown to alter life history traits through a phenomenon known as fishing-induced evolution. This phenomenon may be a result of selection pathways targeting life-history traits directly or indirectly through correlations with behavioral traits. Here, we report on the relationship between individual differences in behavior and capture technique (beach seining versus angling) in wild-caught juvenile bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ). Both fish caught by using a seine net (seined) and fish caught by using a lure (angled) were individually tested under standardized laboratory conditions for their boldness, water-column use, and general activity. Observed inter-individual differences in boldness were strongly correlated with method of capture in the wild. Fish caught by angling were more timid and had fewer ectoparasites than fish caught using a seine net. However, this relationship did not carry over to an experiment in a large outdoor pool with seine-caught, individually tagged wild fish, where bolder individuals were more likely to be angled in open water away from refuges than more timid individuals, based on their previously assessed boldness scores. Our study is both novel and important, as it describes the relationship between capture technique and boldness in a natural population and underscores the potential risk of sampling biases associated with method of animal capture for behavioral, population, and conservation biologists.

Life history traits and functional immune parameters in the wild trout of the Kerguelen Islands

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1650
Author(s):  
E. Farcy ◽  
H. Roche ◽  
J.C. Aymes ◽  
E. Beall ◽  
M. Charrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Kerguelen Islands ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Wild Trout

scholarly journals Development time mediates the effect of larval diet on ageing and mating success of male antler flies in the wild

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1938) ◽  
pp. 20201876
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Angell ◽  
Mathieu J. Oudin ◽  
Nicolas O. Rode ◽  
Brian S. Mautz ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
In The Wild

High-quality developmental environments often improve individual performance into adulthood, but allocating toward early life traits, such as growth, development rate and reproduction, may lead to trade-offs with late-life performance. It is, therefore, uncertain how a rich developmental environment will affect the ageing process (senescence), particularly in wild insects. To investigate the effects of early life environmental quality on insect life-history traits, including senescence, we reared larval antler flies ( Protopiophila litigata ) on four diets of varying nutrient concentration, then recorded survival and mating success of adult males released in the wild. Declining diet quality was associated with slower development, but had no effect on other life-history traits once development time was accounted for. Fast-developing males were larger and lived longer, but experienced more rapid senescence in survival and lower average mating rate compared to slow developers. Ultimately, larval diet, development time and body size did not predict lifetime mating success. Thus, a rich environment led to a mixture of apparent benefits and costs, mediated by development time. Our results indicate that ‘silver spoon' effects can be complex and that development time mediates the response of adult life-history traits to early life environmental quality.

Snail–trematode life history interactions: past trends and future directions

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. S3-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. SORENSEN ◽  
D. J. MINCHELLA
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Host Growth ◽  
History Of

Life history traits expressed by organisms vary due to ecological and evolutionary constraints imposed by their current environmental conditions and genetic heritage. Trematodes often alter the life history of their host snails by inducing parasitic castration. Our understanding of the variables that influence the resulting changes in host growth, fecundity and survivorship is insufficient to confidently predict specific outcomes of novel snail–trematode combinations. In a literature review of the last 30 years, we found 41 publications examining various life history characteristics of trematode-infected snails. These publications reported 113 different field and laboratory experiments involving 30 snail species and 39 trematode species and provided a data set for assessing factors that potentially affect life history outcomes. Analysis of the diverse responses across various snail–trematode systems and experimental conditions teased out general patterns for the expression of host growth, fecundity and survival. These were used to address existing hypotheses and develop several new ones relating the response of snail-trematode interactions to environmental and genetic factors. Finally, we propose directions for future experiments that will better assess the ecological and evolutionary factors influencing snail life history responses to trematode parasitism.

Contrasting Life History Traits in Monocarpic Versus Polycarpic Plants from a Molecular‐Evolutionary Point of View

2019 ◽  
pp. 479-504
Author(s):  
Christiane Kiefer ◽  
Sara Bergonzi ◽  
Luise Brand ◽  
Stefan Wötzel ◽  
Marcus A. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evolutionary Point

Reproduction and population ecology of the vulnerable western sawshelled turtle, Myuchelys bellii, in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren P. Fielder ◽  
Duncan J. Limpus ◽  
Colin J. Limpus
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
In The Wild

Effective management decisions about the conservation of threatened species often rely on good information about their biology and life-history traits. Nearly half of all turtle species face extinction in the wild through worldwide rapid declines in species abundance and habitat loss. The vulnerable western sawshelled turtle, Myuchelys bellii, from eastern Australia is one such species under threat and for which fundamental information is lacking. The three known populations of M. bellii in the Murray–Darling Basin from the Namoi, Gwydir and Border Rivers catchments were studied over a period of nearly eight years. From capture–mark–recapture data, we studied M. bellii’s sexual maturity and reproduction, compared age of individuals using growth rates derived from annuli and growth increment data and calculated a population estimate for the Queensland population. For the first time this study has quantified the life-history traits of M. bellii including having delayed age at first breeding, with males taking nearly 10 years to mature and females approaching 20 years (from growth increment data), low reproductive effort (14.3 eggs per adult female; 78% of females breeding in any one year) and high survivorship with a predicted lifespan of over 40 years. Of particular management concern for M. bellii is the long-term conservation of the small isolated Queensland population (<400 individuals). The extensive dataset provides a baseline for future investigations and management actions required to improve the conservation outcomes for this threatened turtle.

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