scholarly journals Trends in Antibiotic Resistance of Major Uropathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falah Hasan Obayes AL-Khikani
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Around the world, there is no population clear from urinary tract infection (UTI), particularly among women. UTI is considered the most predominant bacterial infection. This study aimed to detect the incidence of the most common major uropathogens in patients severe from urinary tract infection with antibiotic sensitivity tests that assist urologist doctors for appropriate antimicrobial empirical therapy.Methods: This study was carried in a private laboratory in Babil city, Iraq from May 2019 to May 2020. Totally 70 individuals suffering from clear symptoms of UTI, as well as, 20 healthy persons participated in this study as a control group. Then, the standard microbiological methods carried out to isolate and identify bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using different antimicrobial discs by applying the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Totally, 90 specimens were obtained from them 20 control group, 19 with no growth, and 51 patients with bacterial growth distributed as 43 (83%) females and 8 (17%) males. E. coli were the most common predominant organisms. All isolates were showed a high rate of resistance to evaluated cephalosporins 100% and 82% to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone respectively, while very low resistance recorded in Aminoglycosides 20% and 13% to Gentamicin and amikacin respectively. Most age group infected with UTI was 21-40 years old.Conclusion: The current study showed an increasing burden of urinary tract infection caused by various bacteria implicated in UTI that causes changeable sensitivity to various antimicrobial agents. Therefore, in clinical use appropriate medications should be selected based on the data obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile Among Major Bacterial Pathogens in Southern Babil, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. E202036
Author(s):  
Falah Hasan AL-Khikani
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Background: At present, drug-resistant pathogens are considered one of the major increasing causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. The data on microorganisms' resistance assist define the best available treatment for patients. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the antimicrobial-resistant profile of different drugs in major clinical pathogens of urine, ear and wound infections. Methods: This study was conducted in Al-Shomali General Hospital, Southern Babil, Iraq from October 2019 to May 2020. Totally 67 clinical specimens obtained from the wound, urine, and ear discharge collected from hospitalized patients as well as 30 healthy individuals participate in this study. Then, the standard microbiological methods carried outperformed to the isolated and identified bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using different antimicrobial discs by applying the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Totally, 67 bacterial isolates were obtained from 44 (66%) female and 23 (34%) male patients. Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were the most common predominant organisms. All isolates were showed a high rate of resistance to evaluated cephalosporins 100% and 87% to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone respectively, while very low resistance recorded in Aminoglycosides 22% and 12% to Gentamicin and amikacin, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest a constant screening for the detection of antibiotic resistance, as well as developing antimicrobial stewardship programs in Babil, Iraq. Moreover, these bacterial isolates have shown multidrug resistance, mainly to commonly administered drugs that could cause therapy ineffective. Therefore, in clinical use, appropriate treatment should be chosen based on the results obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Urine Culture Isolates from Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre in Lalitpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 881-885
Author(s):  
Ruchee Manandhar ◽  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Moni Mahato ◽  
Sweekrity Neupane ◽  
Rajni Lama
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a microbial infection of the urinary system involving the urinary tract anywhere from kidney to urethra. It is one of the most common bacterial infections affecting men and women in developing countries with a high rate of morbidity and financial cost. Objectives: The objective of our study is to study the prevalence of UTI in patients attending KIST Medical College & Teaching Hospital (KISTMCTH), and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria thus isolated. Methodology: A total of 3742 urine samples from patients suspected of urinary tract infections presenting with the history and symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection, attending various departments of KISTMCTH from April 2017 to April 2018 were studied. Isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods and tested for in vitro antibiotic susceptibility by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 646 out of 3742 urine samples (17.26%). Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria isolated (67.02%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5%). Other bacteria isolated were Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeurigenosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Satphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococcus spp, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter diversus and Enterobacter spp. The isolated pathogenic bacterias were most resistant to Ampicillin (46.43%) and least resistant to Imipenem (6.03%). However, the first line antibiotic the bacterias were least resistant to was cefotaxime (7.12%). Conclusions: Marked resistance has been observed with commonly prescribed antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin. Therefore, studies should be conducted routinely to identify the common bacteria causing UTI and formulate appropriate antibiotic policy.

scholarly journals Risk of Cancer after Lower Urinary Tract Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Huang ◽  
Ying-Hsiang Chou ◽  
Han-Wei Yeh ◽  
Jing-Yang Huang ◽  
Shun-Fa Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Urinary

To investigate the association among lower urinary tract infection (UTI), the type and timing of antibiotic usage, and the subsequent risk of developing cancers, especially genitourinary cancers (GUC), in Taiwan. This retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using 2009–2013 data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. This study enrolled patients who were diagnosed with a UTI between 2010 and 2012. A 1:2 propensity score-matched control population without UTI served as the control group. Multivariate analysis with a multiple Cox regression model was applied to analyze the data. A total of 38,084 patients with UTI were included in the study group, and 76,168 participants without UTI were included in the control group. The result showed a higher hazard ratio of any cancer in both sexes with UTI (for males, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12–1.54; for females, aHR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.08–1.35). Patients with UTI had a higher probability of developing new GUC than those without UTI. Moreover, the genital organs, kidney, and urinary bladder of men were significantly more affected than those of women with prior UTI. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment for more than 7 days associated the incidence of bladder cancer in men (7–13 days, aHR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.50–3.02; >14 days, aHR = 2.73, CI = 1.32–5.64). In conclusion, UTI is significantly related to GUC and may serve as an early sign of GUC, especially in the male genital organs, prostate, kidney, and urinary bladder. During UTI treatment, physicians should cautiously prescribe antibiotics to patients.

scholarly journals Bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of community and hospital acquired urinary tract infection at Dessie referral hospital, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Adugna ◽  
Bekele Sharew ◽  
Mohabaw Jemal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital

Abstract Back ground: Urinary tract infection are one of the most common bacterial infections in the community and in the hospital. Nowadays, little is known about the status of community and hospital acquired urinary tract infection, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors among urinary tract infection patients in Ethiopia, particularly in our study area. Methods A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in Dessie referral hospital. A total of 422 urine samples were enrolled using systematic random sampling technique. All isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques and their antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was entered using Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS software version 20. P- Value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Result Of 422 urine samples processed 100 (23.7%) yielded bacterial isolates. About50(30.7%) and 50(19.3%) samples from hospitalized and community showed significant bacteriuria respectively. E. coli 44/103(42.7%), predominated across the two groups followed by S. aureus 25/103(24.3%), CONs,14/103(13.5%), Klebsiella spps 7/103(6.78), proteus spps 3/103(2.91), and Entrococcus spps 3/103 (2.91%). Pseudomonas spps 3/103 (2.91), Citrobacter spps 2/103(1.94%) and Acinetobacter Spp 1/103(0.999), which were isolated from only the hospitalized samples. Meropenem susceptibly was 100% in both study groups and Ampicillin resistance was documented as 83.3–100% and 76.9–100% in hospitalized and community acquired respectively. Among risk factors previous use of antibiotics, female gender, Age, Diabetics, catheterization were associated with the infection. Conclusion The present study revealed that slightly high prevalence of urinary tract infection. High antimicrobial resistance was observed to most antimicrobial drugs tested. Meropenem and Nitrofurantoin were the most active drugs for urinary tract infection. Empirical selection of antimicrobial agents should be based on antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens that prevalent in that area. Female sex, age, previous use of antibiotics, catheterization and diabetics were at risk of urinary tract infection.

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