scholarly journals Water Resistance of Torrefied Wood Pellets Prepared by Two Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yoshida ◽  
Katsushi Kuroda ◽  
Daisuke Kamikawa ◽  
Yoshitaka Kubojima ◽  
Takashi Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Fuel ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Outdoor Weathering ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

To examine the hydrophobicity of torrefied wood fuel, the water resistances of torrefied pellets prepared by two different methods were evaluated using exposure tests under indoor and outdoor conditions. Torrefied pellets from the xylem of Japanese cedar (Sugi, Cryptomeria japonica) and oak (Konara, Quercus serrata) were prepared by two methods: the torrefaction of wood chips followed by pelletization and the pelletization of wood chips followed by torrefaction. It was found that the pellets prepared by pelletization followed by torrefaction had much lower moisture levels than those prepared by the other method and they showed almost no change in diameter after an outdoor weathering test. These characteristics are unique and indicate that the pellets can be applied not only for industrial use but also for residential and commercial purposes.

scholarly journals Water Resistance of Torrefied Wood Pellets Prepared by Different Methods

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1618
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yoshida ◽  
Katsushi Kuroda ◽  
Daisuke Kamikawa ◽  
Yoshitaka Kubojima ◽  
Takashi Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Torrefied Biomass ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Torrefaction used in combination with pelletization is a promising technology to upgrade solid biofuels and has been demonstrated worldwide. In comparison with normal biomass pellets, which disintegrate under wet conditions, one of the advantages of torrefied biomass pellets is better water resistance. An understanding of the differences in water proof properties for torrefied biomass pellets by different production schemes can promote their further application. In the communication, various torrefied pellets were exposed to indoor and outdoor conditions, and changes in moisture content and diameter were examined. Two production schemes for the torrefied pellets were used for comparison: the torrefaction of wood chips followed by pelletization (pre-torrefaction) and the pelletization of wood chips followed by torrefaction (post-torrefaction). It was found that the post-torrefied pellets had much lower moisture levels than the pre-torrefied pellets in both indoor and outdoor tests. In the outdoor test with no-roof condition, the rate of increase in moisture content for the pre-torrefied pellets was more than double that for the post-torrefied pellets, and the post-torrefied pellets exhibited almost no diameter change. The results on the superior water resistance of post-torrefied pellets were nearly consistent with those reported in previous literature. Torrefied pellets have been considered for industrial use, such as in co-combustion and gasification on a large scale. Taking advantage of the different water resistances, torrefied pellets could also be used by personal and community consumers on a small scale for long-term indoor and outdoor storages as advanced solid biofuels with high waterproof performance, energy density, and lower biodegradation.

scholarly journals Pellets based on biofuels

Paliva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Petr Buryan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Rye Straw

Laboratory analyzes showed that the wood chips had a higher bulk density and a significantly lower ash content than wood pellets produced by the company technological process company Pelletia-cz. using an annular granulator with a pellet outlet temperature of 80-90 ° C. The water content and calorific value of the wood chips were slightly lower than that of the wood pellets. The content of volatile combustibles and the elemental composition of the two compared energy raw materials did not differ significantly. On the contrary, significant differences were found in herbal pellets (from winter wheat straw, winter rye straw and from whole triticale) produced by the identical process. It was shown that both the plant material and the addition of 3 wt. clay flours (binders) affect their parameters. For example, the proportion of fine material by the addition of a binder was significantly reduced in rye (to 0.17% by weight) and triticale pellets (to 0.04% by weight). On the other hand, the disadvantage of adding clay flour as a binder additive is the increase in the ash content, which reduces the calorific value of the pellets. The heat of combustion of pellets made of wood materials was about 2.5 MJ / kg higher than that of herbal pellets. Combustion of pellets from the three types of herbs monitored produces more emissions of chlorine and nitrogen oxides contaminants than wood samples relative to wood samples. The chlorine content in ashes from herbal pellets compared to ashes from wood materials was about 50 times higher. The nitrogen content in the compared raw materials was about 5–15 times higher for herbs.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Nanasato ◽  
Masafumi Mikami ◽  
Norihiro Futamura ◽  
Masaki Endo ◽  
Mitsuru Nishiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Guide Rna

AbstractCryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar or sugi) is one of the most important coniferous tree species in Japan and breeding programs for this species have been launched since 1950s. Genome editing technology can be used to shorten the breeding period. In this study, we performed targeted mutagenesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in C. japonica. First, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was tested using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing transgenic embryogenic tissue lines. Knock-out efficiency of GFP ranged from 3.1 to 41.4% depending on U6 promoters and target sequences. The GFP knock-out region was mottled in many lines, indicating genome editing in individual cells. However, in 101 of 102 mutated individuals (> 99%) from 6 GFP knock-out lines, embryos had a single mutation pattern. Next, we knocked out the endogenous C. japonica magnesium chelatase subunit I (CjChlI) gene using two guide RNA targets. Green, pale green, and albino phenotypes were obtained in the gene-edited cell lines. Sequence analysis revealed random deletions, insertions, and replacements in the target region. Thus, targeted mutagenesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used to modify the C. japonica genome.

scholarly journals Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Pollinosis in Jeju, Korea: Is It Increasing?

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaechun Lee ◽  
Keun Hwa Lee ◽  
Hye-Sook Lee ◽  
Sung-Chul Hong ◽  
Jeong Hong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Japanese Cedar

RESULTS OF LONG-TERM RADON MONITORING IN THE TYPICAL SLOVAK FAMILY HOUSE—A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Monika Müllerová ◽  
Karol Holý ◽  
Jozef Masarik
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Family House ◽  
Radon Monitoring ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract This case study provides a view of the behavior of radon in an uninhabited house, the likes of which were built in thousands in Slovakia between 1950 and 1990. In one room of the house that was in contact with the subsoil, an average annual radon activity concentration (RAC) as high as 1088 Bq m−3 was found. A high radon supply to this room from the subsoil was identified in the corner of the room, and this correlated very well with the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air. In this room, an atypical annual variation of RAC was found, with a maximum in September (1600 Bq m−3). In the other rooms on the ground floor, RACs at the level of 400–500 Bq m−3 were detected. In the rooms on the first floor, RACs of up to ~200 Bq m−3 were found.

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