scholarly journals Light Reflected from Different Plant Canopies Affected Beta Vulgaris Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert T. Adjesiwor ◽  
Andrew R. Kniss
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Reflected Light

Studies on crop response to light quality [red (R) to far-red (FR) light ratio] often recommend early weed removal to reduce the effects of shade avoidance responses on crop yield. However, it is unclear whether crops are able to distinguish reflected light quality of kin from that of non-kin. We evaluated the response of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) to reflected FR light from sugarbeet, common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and bare soil (control) under outdoor conditions in 2016 and 2017. Treatments were completely randomized with 10 replications per treatment. The study methods ensured there was no direct resource competition. The reflected R:FR of plant species ranged from 0.06 (common lambsquarters) to 0.24 (sugarbeet) compared to 0.7 for the bare soil. In both 2016 and 2017, there were 2 to 4 more leaves in the sugarbeet surrounded by soil compared to sugarbeet surrounded by neighboring species. There was up to 47, 57, 43, and 23% reduction in sugarbeet leaf area, shoot dry weight, root diameter, and root dry weight, respectively, due to reflected R:FR light from neighboring species. Sugarbeet did not respond differently to reflected light quality of kin compared to non-kin.

scholarly journals Light Reflected from Different Plant Canopies Affected Beta vulgaris L. Growth and Development

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
Albert T. Adjesiwor ◽  
Andrew R. Kniss
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Reflected Light

Studies on crop response to light quality (red (R) to far-red (FR) light ratio) often recommend early weed removal to reduce the effects of shade avoidance responses on crop yield. However, it is unclear whether crops are able to distinguish reflected light quality of kin from that of nonkin. We evaluated the response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to reflected FR light from sugar beet, common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and bare soil (control) under outdoor conditions in 2016 and 2017. Treatments were completely randomized with 10 replications per treatment. The study methods ensured there was no direct resource competition. The reflected R:FR of plant species ranged from 0.06 (common lambsquarters) to 0.24 (sugar beet) compared to 0.7 for the bare soil. In 2016 and 2017, there were 2 to 4 more leaves in the sugar beet surrounded by soil compared to sugar beet surrounded by neighboring species. There was up to 47, 57, 43, and 23% reduction in sugar beet leaf area, shoot dry weight, root diameter, and root dry weight, respectively, due to reflected R:FR light from neighboring species. Sugar beet did not respond differently to reflected light quality of kin compared to nonkin.

scholarly journals Shade avoidance cues reduce Beta vulgaris growth

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Schambow ◽  
Albert T. Adjesiwor ◽  
Louise Lorent ◽  
Andrew R. Kniss
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Reflected Light

AbstractField and greenhouse experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 at the University of Wyoming to evaluate the response of Beta vulgaris (L.) to reflected-light quality. Large-pail field studies included a factorial arrangement of three varieties of B. vulgaris (sugar beet, table beet, and Swiss chard) and reflected-light treatments (using either colored plastic mulch, grass, or bare-soil controls). Greenhouse studies included sugar beet as influenced by either grass or soil surroundings. In all studies, grass was grown in separate containers from B. vulgaris, so there was no root interaction. Grass was clipped regularly to prevent shading and competition for sunlight. Reflected light from different-colored plastic mulches (red, blue, green, black, clear) did not affect B. vulgaris growth. However, reflected light from the grass reduced the number of leaves in all B. vulgaris varieties such that there were 10 to 14 fewer leaves in B. vulgaris surrounded by grass compared with the soil treatment at 90 d after planting in the field study. Shade avoidance cues from surrounding grass reduced B. vulgaris total leaf area by 49% to 66%, leaf biomass by 21% to 30%, and root biomass by 70% to 72%. Similar results were observed in greenhouse experiments, where the grass treatment reduced sugar beet leaf biomass by 48% to 57% and root biomass by 35% to 64%. Shade avoidance cues have the potential to significantly reduce B. vulgaris yield, even in the absence of direct resource competition from weeds.

Intraspecific variability in the response to light quality in Crotalaria incana and Impatiens sultanii

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-703
Author(s):  
Renata Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Sib Families

To study some aspects of intraspecific variability, half-sib families of Crotalaria incana L. and Impatiens sultanii Hook. f. were grown in the field exposed to reflected light of either high or low red to far-red ratio, without direct shading. Plants of both species responded to the light quality of the reflected light. Crotalaria plants were more responsive; a reduction in the red to far-red ratio in reflected light produced a significant increase in height, internode length, petiole length, leaf area, and dry weight. In Impatiens, only internode length was significantly increased by this treatment. For some traits, in both species, half-sib families differed significantly in the response to the light treatments. For several characters there were significant interactions between the light-quality treatment and family, suggesting that the response to light quality may have a genetic component. The changes induced by an alteration in light quality may have important fitness consequences.Key words: intraspecific variability, red to far-red ratio, morphological traits, Crotalaria incana, Impatiens sultanii.

Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) Turf with Linuron

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher Hall ◽  
C. Ken Carey
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Severe Reduction

Effects of linuron on annual bluegrass control and Kentucky bluegrass cultivar tolerance were studied in field and growth chamber experiments. In controlled environment experiments, linuron at 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 kg ai ha-1 was applied to pure stands of annual bluegrass and eight Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. Linuron at the two highest rates controlled annual bluegrass, reducing the clipping dry weight by more than 85% 4 wk after treatment, and by 65 to 92% 6 wk after treatment. Growth of Kentucky bluegrass was reduced with the most severe reduction occurring 2 wk after linuron application. All cultivars exhibited normal growth 8 wk after treatment. In field experiments, linuron at rates from 1.5 to 2.0 kg ai ha-1 controlled annual bluegrass in old (> 5 yr) Kentucky bluegrass stands, and in 16 cultivars of 1-yr and 2-yr-old Kentucky bluegrass stands, with little or no damage. At rates of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kg ai ha-1 linuron, damage to newly seeded cultivars was moderate to severe. However, 6 to 7 wk after linuron application to newly seeded cultivars, stand density and turf quality were equivalent to untreated checks.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungal Endophytes on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Trifolium Subterraneum and Poa Pratensis as Affected by Plant Host Specificity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos García-Latorre ◽  
Sara Rodrigo ◽  
Oscar Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Herbage Yield

Abstract The introduction of well-adapted species, such as Trifolium subterraneum and Poa pratensis, might enhance the forage yield and quality of dehesas pastures for feeding livestock. However, the climatic hardness and poor soils in these agrosystems may limit plant establishment and development. Since fungal endophytes have been found to alleviate the environmental stresses of their host, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of five isolates on forage yield, nutritive value and plant mineral uptake after their inoculation in the two above-mentioned plant species. Two experiments were established (under greenhouse and field conditions) using plants inoculated with two isolates in 2012/2013 (Epicoccum nigrum, Sporormiella intermedia) and three isolates in 2013/2014 (Mucor hiemalis, Fusarium equiseti, Byssochlamys spectabilis). Thus, F. equiseti (E346) increased the herbage yield of T. subterraneum under greenhouse conditions, B. spectabilis was found to improve the forage quality of T. subterraneum by reducing fibre content and of P. pratensis by increasing crude protein. Also, S. intermedia increased the mineral uptake of Ca, Cu, Mn, Pb, Tl and Zn in subclover and M. hiemalis, the uptake of K and Sr in Kentucky bluegrass. These results evidenced the potential of the studied fungal endophytes to enhance herbage yield and the forage nutritional value, although further studies should include all of the intended forage species as certain host specificity in the effect was observed.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF A SOIL-INCORPORATED HYDROGEL ON IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS AND QUALITY OF TRANSPLANTED SOD

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109f-1109
Author(s):  
Anthony Koski
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of soil-incorporated hydrogel to reduce irrigation requirements of transplanted Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) sod. The treatments included an untilled control, tilled soil, and tilled soil with incorporated hydrogel. Initial irrigation treatment were made daily, at various percentages of potential evapotraspiration (PET), to determine irrigation requirements of newly transplanted sod. Other irrigation treatments were later imposed on transplanted sod which had been established at 100% of PET, to determine irrigation requirements of established sod. Turf quality was measured weekly, and sod transplant rooting strength was also measured.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF GROUNDCOVER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND WATER DEFICIT STRESS ON QUALITY OF APPLE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152G-1152
Author(s):  
Steven G. Russell ◽  
Sylvia M. Blankenship ◽  
Walter A. Skroch
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Deficit Stress

A field study was initiated in 1981 in western North Carolina to determine the influence of eight groundcover management systems on quality of `Redchief Red Delicious' apple (Malus domestica) grafted onto rootstock of M VIIA. Management systems included: bare soil, Secale cereale mulch, minimal cultivation, Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratensis, Muhlenbergia schreberi and Rubus sp. Thus far, fruit quality data indicate that fruits produced in plots of cool-season grasses are smaller and less mature than those produced in vegetation-free plots or plots of warm-season grasses. A negative correlation was noted between high fruit quality and water deficit stress as measured by water potential and stomatal conductance.

scholarly journals Waterlogging Tolerance of Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehua Wang ◽  
Yiwei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Soil Redox Potential ◽  
Soil Redox

Waterlogging (WL) affects the growth and physiological responses of turfgrass. The objectives of this study were to compare the relative WL tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars and to investigate the physiological responses of shoots and roots to WL. Ten cultivars differing in growth habit were subjected to 30 d of WL. The turf quality (TQ) and soil redox potential (Eh), as well as the chlorophyll concentration (Chl), decreased with increasing periods of WL. Among all cultivars, root dry weight (RDW) decreased 16.7% to 39.9% under 10 d and 30.0% to 60% under 30 d of WL, respectively. Waterlogging increased the root electrolyte leakage (REL) from 0.6% to 53.2% under 10 d and from 29.1% to 98.0% under 30 d of WL for all cultivars, respectively. The best correlations were observed between Eh and TQ (r = 0.74), REL and TQ (r = 0.75), RDW and root water-soluble carbohydrate content (RWSC) (r = 0.74), and root oxidase activity and RWSC (r = 0.63), respectively. ‘Moonlight’, ‘Serene’, and ‘Champagne’ showed better tolerance to short-term WL conditions, whereas ‘Kenblue’ and ‘Eagleton’ were the least tolerant cultivars. ‘Limousine’, ‘Unique’, ‘Awesome’, ‘Julia’, and ‘Midnight II’ ranked in the middle group. Variations in WL tolerance among Kentucky bluegrasses could potentially be used for enhancing turfgrass management.

Use of Glyphosate in Sod Seeding Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)Establishment

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren Moshier ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Petri Dishes

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and EPTC(S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) did not reduce significantly the percent germination of either ‘Saranac’ or ‘Vernal’ cultivars of alfalfa(Medicago sativaL.) grown in petri dishes. Glyphosate at 10−5M significantly reduced shoot length of both cultivars. Vernal alfalfa appeared to be more susceptible to glyphosate than the Saranac cultivar. Soil applications of glyphosate also had no effect on percent emergence of either cultivar and reduced plant height only of Vernal when applied to the soil at 17.9 kg/ha. Applications of glyphosate at 2.2, 4.5, and 9.0 kg/ha to a Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensisL.) sod in a simulated sod seeding alfalfa establishment study in the greenhouse reduced dry weight of both alfalfa cultivars; Vernal was affected more adversely than Saranac. Application of 2.2 kg/ha glyphosate in four management systems showed that a 3-day planting delay after spraying reduced growth inhibition of alfalfa seeded in treated sod. These results were similar to those obtained with paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) in these management systems. Kentucky bluegrass clippings treated with paraquat 3 days or less before contact with alfalfa seedlings significantly reduced seedling dry weight. Clippings treated with glyphosate did not reduce alfalfa seedling dry weights significantly.

Yellow Nutsedge(Cyperus esculentus)Control in Kentucky Bluegrass(Poa pratensis)with Bentazon, Cyperquat, and Perfluidone

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Kern ◽  
W. F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Sod Production

Bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one 2,2-dioxide], cyperquat (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), and perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide} were evaluated for their potential use as postemergence herbicides for selective yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) control in Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensisL.) in field studies. High rates of these herbicides as single or split applications were effective and only slightly reduced verdure of Kentucky bluegrass, indicating excellent selectivity. In greenhouse studies perfluidone exhibited growth retardant properties. Shoot dry weight production was inhibited and root dry weight of treated plants was markedly reduced. These two factors are undesirable features for commercial sod production.

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