scholarly journals From Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) – New Terminology in Pediatric Patients as a Step in Good Scientific Direction?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Flisiak-Jackiewicz ◽  
Anna Bobrus-Chociej ◽  
Natalia Wasilewska ◽  
Dariusz Lebensztejn
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Set Up ◽  
End Stage

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, which predispose to more serious hepatic conditions. It ranges from simple liver steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to cirrhosis and even end-stage liver disease. Since obesity became one of the most important health concerns wordwide, a considerable increase in the prevalance of NAFLD and other metabolic implications has been observed, both in adults, and children. Due to the coexistence of visceral obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, NAFLD is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). These relationship between NAFLD and MetS led to set up in adults new term combining both of these conditions, called metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Based of these findings, we propose set of criteria, which may be useful to diagnose MAFLD in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals From Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)—New Terminology in Pediatric Patients as a Step in Good Scientific Direction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Marta Flisiak-Jackiewicz ◽  
Anna Bobrus-Chociej ◽  
Natalia Wasilewska ◽  
Dariusz Marek Lebensztejn
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Set Up ◽  
End Stage

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, which predispose to more serious hepatic conditions. It ranges from simple liver steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may progress to cirrhosis, and even end-stage liver disease. Since obesity became one of the most important health concerns wordwide, a considerable increase in the prevalance of NAFLD and other metabolic implications has been observed, both in adults and children. Due to the coexistence of visceral obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, NAFLD is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). These relationships between NAFLD and MetS led to the set up in adults of a new term combining both of these conditions, called metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Based on these findings, we propose a set of criteria, which may be useful to diagnose MAFLD in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Sex Dimorphism of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Pparg-Null Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9969
Author(s):  
Mariano Schiffrin ◽  
Carine Winkler ◽  
Laure Quignodon ◽  
Aurélien Naldi ◽  
Martin Trötzmüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sex Dimorphism ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are more exposed to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis than women. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of NALFD sex dimorphism are unclear. We combined gene expression, histological and lipidomic analyses to systematically compare male and female liver steatosis. We characterized hepatosteatosis in three independent mouse models of NAFLD, ob/ob and lipodystrophic fat-specific (PpargFΔ/Δ) and whole-body PPARγ-null (PpargΔ/Δ) mice. We identified a clear sex dimorphism occurring only in PpargΔ/Δ mice, with females showing macro- and microvesicular hepatosteatosis throughout their entire life, while males had fewer lipid droplets starting from 20 weeks. This sex dimorphism in hepatosteatosis was lost in gonadectomized PpargΔ/Δ mice. Lipidomics revealed hepatic accumulation of short and highly saturated TGs in females, while TGs were enriched in long and unsaturated hydrocarbon chains in males. Strikingly, sex-biased genes were particularly perturbed in both sexes, affecting lipid metabolism, drug metabolism, inflammatory and cellular stress response pathways. Most importantly, we found that the expression of key sex-biased genes was severely affected in all the NAFLD models we tested. Thus, hepatosteatosis strongly affects hepatic sex-biased gene expression. With NAFLD increasing in prevalence, this emphasizes the urgent need to specifically address the consequences of this deregulation in humans.

scholarly journals Focus on Therapeutic Strategies of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Durazzo ◽  
Paola Belci ◽  
Alessandro Collo ◽  
Enrica Grisoglio ◽  
Simona Bo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Western World ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
General Adult Population

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the Western world (it affects 30% of the general adult population). The NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), defined by steatosis, hepatocellular damage, and lobular inflammation in individuals without significant alcohol consumption and negative viral, congenital, and autoimmune liver disease markers. Currently, NAFLD is considered an emerging epidemic in light of the dramatic increase in obesity rates. With the progressive nature of NASH and its rising prevalence there is a significant need for a specific and targeted treatments since to date there has not been any validated therapies for NAFLD other than weight loss, which is well known to have a poor long-term success rate. In recent years, visceral adipose tissue has taken an important role in NAFLD pathogenesis, and current therapeutic approaches aim at reducing visceral obesity and free fatty acid overflow to the liver. This paper is focused on the treatments used for NAFLD and the potential new therapy.

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)—A New Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Mikolasevic ◽  
Sandra Milic ◽  
Sanjin Racki ◽  
Luka Zaputovic ◽  
Davor Stimac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

BackgroundRecent investigations indicated that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic component of metabolic syndrome (MS), is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Accordingly, we were interested in exploring the frequency of NAFLD in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and analyzing factors in PD patients associated with NAFLD occurrence. In addition, we were interested in investigating whether NAFLD is associated with higher CVD risk in our PD patients.MethodsIn the present cross-sectional study, we analyzed 58 PD patients. The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was used to detect and quantify liver steatosis with the help of transient elastography (TE) (FibroScan, Echosense SA, Paris, France). A carotid ultrasound was performed in all patients to measure carotid intimae media thickness (IMT) and plaque as surrogate measures of increased CVD risk, and we investigated their association with NAFLD.ResultsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease was present in 74.1% of PD patients. Peritoneal dialysis/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients had statistically greater daily (136.5 ± 62.6 vs 93.6 ± 36.1; p = 0.02) and monthly (4,095.3 ± 1,877.7 vs 2,806.6 ± 1,083.2; p = 0.02) glucose load in comparison to the non-NAFLD/PD patients. In the next step, we were interested in analyzing what demographic and clinical characteristics in our PD patients are associated with a higher NAFLD occurrence. Presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), arterial hypertension (AH), dyslipidemia, body mass index > 25 kg/m2, and daily glucose load > 100 g were associated with NAFLD occurrence. Peritoneal dialysis patients with NAFLD showed more carotid atherosclerosis than PD patients without NAFLD. In addition, CAP values (as indicator of liver steatosis) showed strong positive association with IMT (r = 0.801; p < 0.0001). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was a strong predictor of carotid atherosclerosis in PD patients.ConclusionNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is highly prevalent in PD patients. Peritoneal dialysis patients with NAFLD are at high risk of atherosclerosis. Assessment of NAFLD in PD patients may be helpful for CVD risk stratification.

scholarly journals NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF HEPATOLOGY CONSENSUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helma P COTRIM ◽  
Edison R PARISE ◽  
Cláudio FIGUEIREDO-MENDES ◽  
João GALIZZI-FILHO ◽  
Gilda PORTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
End Stage

ABSTRACT The prevalence of obesity-related metabolic syndrome has rapidly increased in Brazil, resulting in a high frequency of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, that didn't receive much attention in the past. However, it has received increased attention since this disease was identified to progress to end-stage liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have not been established in Brazil. The Brazilian Society of Hepatology held an event with specialists' members from all over Brazil with the purpose of producing guideline for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease based on a systematic approach that reflects evidence-based medicine and expert opinions. The guideline discussed the following subjects: 1-Concepts and recommendations; 2-Diagnosis; 3-Non-medical treatment; 4-Medical treatment; 5-Pediatrics - Diagnosis; 6-Pediatrics - Non-medical treatment; 7-Pediatrics - Medical treatment; 8-Surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Hepatopulmonary syndrome: a rare manifestation of cirrhosis in patient with diencephalic obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after surgery for craniopharyngioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
N. A. Mazerkina ◽  
A. N. Savateev ◽  
S. K. Gorelyshev ◽  
S. A. Mariashev ◽  
S. A. Beregovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
End Stage

We describe a 15-year girl, who developed panhypopituitarism and diencephalic obesity after surgical excision of craniopharyngioma, followed by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis 5 years after surgery. Cirrhosis in this case manifested by hypoxia due to hepatopulmonary syndrome, and despite cure of craniopharyngioma by surgery and radiosurgery treatment and adequate hormonal substitution therapy patient died 9 years after surgery. Growth hormone substitutional therapy in patients with hypopituitarism, and steatohepatitis may decrease liver triglyceride accumulation and prevent end-stage liver disease.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Markers of Improvement of Liver Steatosis Achieved by Weight Reduction in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionel Copaci ◽  
Ioana Lupescu ◽  
Elena Caceaune ◽  
Grethi Chiriac ◽  
G. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, which are linked to obesity. The aim of the study was to assess if weight reduction through 12 months of lifestyle intervention and exercise would lead to improvement of steatosis. Methods. In a prospective observational study 86 overweight subjects (51 men, 35 women) with steatosis were recruited, after excluding other etiologies. Patients were assigned a caloric goal and a daily fat goal. Physical activity focused on moderate-intensity activities. Blood samples (biochemistry, HOMA-IR, cytokine levels, steatotest) were collected at entry and months 6 and 12. All subjects underwent abdominal CT scan before commencement and after 12 months to assess visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT) area. Results. After 12 months baseline descriptive characteristics (weight, BMI, waist circumference) decreased significantly. Biochemical parameters that decreased significantly were: GGT (40.0 ± 18.0 vs 31.1 ± 13; p = 0.01), ALT (58.5 ± 23.5 vs 32,7 ± 14.8; p = 0.001), cholesterol (236.4 ± 54.8 vs 204.8 ± 91; p = 0.05), LDL (160.1 ± 47.4 vs 125.3 ± 40; p = 0.05) and HOMA-R (4.86 ± 0.63 vs 3 ± 0.41; p = 0.018). Steatotest improved significantly (0.68 ± 0.16 vs 0.38 ± 0.14; p = 0.02). Modification of adipocytokines was significant for leptin (p = 0.018) and adiponectin (p = 0.003). Factors associated with regression of steatosis were weight, BMI, ALT, waist circumference, GGT, HOMA, leptin, VAT and steatotest. Multivariate logistic regression showed the following factors related to improved steatosis: BMI < 25 kg/m2, ALT < 42 U/L, leptin < 10.5 ng/ml and adiponectin > 8.4 μg/ml. Conclusions. Overweight persons who achieve significant reductions in body weight through 12 months of physical activity and low caloric diet can decrease liver fat, VAT and SAT. Even in those with minimal weight loss ALT levels, steatosis, adipokines and cardiovascular risk factors improved.

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