scholarly journals The Dark Universe as the Ground State of our Quasi-Classical Quantum Cosmology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Cohen-Tannoudji ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gazeau
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Positive Curvature ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Einstein Condensate ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
The Universe

In the same way as the realization of some of the famous gedanken experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum mechanics has recently led to the current renewal of the interpretation of quantum physics, it seems that the most recent progresses of observational astrophysics can be interpreted as the realization of some cosmological gedanken experiments such as the removal from the universe of the whole visible matter or the cosmic time travel leading to a new cosmological standard model. This standard model involves two dark components of the universe, dark energy and dark matter. Whereas dark energy is usually associated with the cosmological constant, we propose to interpret dark matter in terms of a pure vibration energy due to positive curvature and held by quarks and/or by a gluon Bose Einstein condensate accompanying baryonic matter at the hadronization transition from the quark gluon plasma phase to the colorless hadronic phase. Such an interpretation, partially based on mass formulae in terms of energy and spin in de Sitter and Anti de Sitter respectively, would comfort the idea that, apart from the violation of the matter/antimatter symmetry satisfying the Sakharov’s conditions, the reconciliation of particle physics and cosmology does not need the recourse to any ad hoc fields, particles or hidden variables.

scholarly journals The Dark Universe as the Ground State of our Quasi-Classical Quantum Cosmology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Cohen-Tannoudji ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gazeau
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Positive Curvature ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Einstein Condensate ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
The Universe

In the same way as the realization of some of the famous gedanken experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum mechanics has recently led to the current renewal of the interpretation of quantum physics, it seems that the most recent progresses of observational astrophysics can be interpreted as the realization of some cosmological gedanken experiments such as the removal from the universe of the whole visible matter or the cosmic time travel leading to a new cosmological standard model. This standard model involves two dark components of the universe, dark energy and dark matter. Whereas dark energy is usually associated with the cosmological constant, we propose to interpret dark matter in terms of a pure vibration energy due to positive curvature and held by quarks and/or by a gluon Bose Einstein condensate accompanying baryonic matter at the hadronization transition from the quark gluon plasma phase to the colorless hadronic phase. Such an interpretation, partially based on mass formulae in terms of energy and spin in de Sitter and Anti de Sitter respectively, would comfort the idea that, apart from the violation of the matter/antimatter symmetry satisfying the Sakharov’s conditions, the reconciliation of particle physics and cosmology does not need the recourse to any ad hoc fields, particles or hidden variables.

scholarly journals Cold Dark Matter: A Gluonic Bose–Einstein Condensate in Anti-de Sitter Space Time

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Gilles Cohen-Tannoudji ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gazeau
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Einstein Condensate ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Bose Einstein Condensate ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
The Universe

In the same way as the realization of some of the famous gedanken experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum mechanics has recently led to the current renewal of the interpretation of quantum physics, it seems that the most recent progress of observational astrophysics can be interpreted as the realization of some cosmological gedanken experiments such as the removal from the universe of the whole visible matter or the cosmic time travel leading to a new cosmological standard model. This standard model involves two dark components of the universe, dark energy and dark matter. Whereas dark energy is usually associated with the cosmological constant, we propose explaining dark matter as a pure QCD effect, namely a gluonic Bose–Einstein condensate, following the transition from the quark gluon plasma phase to the colorless hadronic phase. Our approach not only allows us to assume a Dark/Visible ratio equal to 11/2 but also provides gluons (and di-gluons, viewed as quasi-particles) with an extra mass of vibrational nature. Such an interpretation would support the idea that, apart from the violation of the matter/antimatter symmetry satisfying the Sakharov’s conditions, the reconciliation of particle physics and cosmology needs not the recourse to any ad hoc fields, particles or hidden variables.

scholarly journals Cold Dark Matter: Bose-Einstein Condensation of Gluons in Anti-de Sitter Space Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Cohen-Tannoudji ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gazeau
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Einstein Condensation ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
The Universe

In the same way as the realization of some of the famous gedanken experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum mechanics has recently led to the current renewal of the interpretation of quantum physics, it seems that the most recent progresses of observational astrophysics can be interpreted as the realization of some cosmological gedanken experiments such as the removal from the universe of the whole visible matter or the cosmic time travel leading to a new cosmological standard model. This standard model involves two dark components of the universe, dark energy and dark matter. Whereas dark energy is usually associated with the cosmological constant, we propose to explain dark matter as a pure QCD effect, namely a gluon Bose Einstein condensate, following the transition from the quark gluon plasma phase to the colorless hadronic phase. Our approach not only allows us to assume a ratio Dark/Visible equal to 11/2 but also provides gluons and (anti-)quarks with an extra mass of vibrational nature. Such an interpretation would comfort the idea that, apart from the violation of the matter/antimatter symmetry satisfying the Sakharov’s conditions, the reconciliation of particle physics and cosmology needs not the recourse to any ad hoc fields, particles or hidden variables.

scholarly journals Cold dark matter: Bose-Einstein condensation of gluons in Anti-de Sitter space time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Cohen-Tannoudji ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gazeau
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Einstein Condensation ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
The Universe

In the same way as the realization of some of the famous gedanken experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum mechanics has recently led to the current renewal of the interpretation of quantum physics, it seems that the most recent progresses of observational astrophysics can be interpreted as the realization of some cosmological gedanken experiments such as the removal from the universe of the whole visible matter or the cosmic time travel leading to a new cosmological standard model. This standard model involves two dark components of the universe, dark energy and dark matter. Whereas dark energy is usually associated with the positive cosmological constant, we propose to explain dark matter as a pure QCD effect. This effect is due to the trace anomaly viewed as a negative cosmological constant accompanying baryonic matter at the hadronization transition from the quark gluon plasma phase to the colorless hadronic phase. Our approach not only yields a ratio Dark/Visible equal to 11/2 but also provides gluons and (anti-)quarks with an extra mass of vibrational nature. Currently observed dark matter is thus interpreted as a gluon Bose Einstein condensate that is a relic of the quark period. Such an interpretation would comfort the idea that, apart from the violation of the matter/antimatter symmetry satisfying the Sakharov’s conditions, the reconciliation of particle physics and cosmology needs not the recourse to any ad hoc fields, particles or hidden variables.

scholarly journals DARK MATTER AXIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 554-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SIKIVIE
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Einstein Condensate ◽  
Dark Matter Halos ◽  
Linear Regime ◽  
Bose Einstein Condensate ◽  
Invisible Axion ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
The Universe

The hypothesis of an 'invisible' axion was made by Misha Shifman and others, approximately thirty years ago. It has turned out to be an unusually fruitful idea, crossing boundaries between particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. An axion with mass of order 10-5 eV (with large uncertainties) is one of the leading candidates for the dark matter of the universe. It was found recently that dark matter axions thermalize and form a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Because they form a BEC, axions differ from ordinary cold dark matter (CDM) in the non-linear regime of structure formation and upon entering the horizon. Axion BEC provides a mechanism for the production of net overall rotation in dark matter halos, and for the alignment of cosmic microwave anisotropy multipoles. Because there is evidence for these phenomena, unexplained with ordinary CDM, an argument can be made that the dark matter is axions.

Particle physics today, tomorrow and beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 1830003 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Visible Matter ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Cosmological Inflation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Lhc I

The most important discovery in particle physics in recent years was that of the Higgs boson, and much effort is continuing to measure its properties, which agree obstinately with the Standard Model, so far. However, there are many reasons to expect physics beyond the Standard Model, motivated by the stability of the electroweak vacuum, the existence of dark matter and the origin of the visible matter in the Universe, neutrino physics, the hierarchy of mass scales in physics, cosmological inflation and the need for a quantum theory for gravity. Most of these issues are being addressed by the experiments during Run 2 of the LHC, and supersymmetry could help resolve many of them. In addition to the prospects for the LHC, I also review briefly those for direct searches for dark matter and possible future colliders.

scholarly journals SMART U(1)$$_X$$: standard model with axion, right handed neutrinos, two Higgs doublets and U(1)$$_X$$ gauge symmetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuchika Okada ◽  
Digesh Raut ◽  
Qaisar Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
Grand Unification ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

AbstractTo address five fundamental shortcomings of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics and cosmology, we propose a phenomenologically viable framework based on a $$U(1)_X \times U(1)_{PQ}$$ U ( 1 ) X × U ( 1 ) PQ extension of the SM, that we call “SMART U(1)$$_X$$ X ”. The $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X gauge symmetry is a well-known generalization of the $$U(1)_{B-L}$$ U ( 1 ) B - L symmetry and $$U(1)_{PQ}$$ U ( 1 ) PQ is the global Peccei–Quinn (PQ) symmetry. Three right handed neutrinos are added to cancel $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X related anomalies, and they play a crucial role in understanding the observed neutrino oscillations and explaining the observed baryon asymmetry in the universe via leptogenesis. Implementation of PQ symmetry helps resolve the strong CP problem and also provides axion as a compelling dark matter (DM) candidate. The $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X gauge symmetry enables us to implement the inflection-point inflation scenario with $$H_{inf} \lesssim 2 \times 10^{7}$$ H inf ≲ 2 × 10 7  GeV, where $$H_{inf}$$ H inf is the value of Hubble parameter during inflation. This is crucial to overcome a potential axion domain wall problem as well as the axion isocurvature problem. The SMART U(1)$$_X$$ X framework can be successfully implemented in the presence of SU(5) grand unification, as we briefly show.

scholarly journals High energy physics and cosmology at the unification frontier: Opportunities and challenges in the coming years

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 1830017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pran Nath
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Higgs Boson Mass ◽  
Energy Physics

We give here an overview of recent developments in high energy physics and cosmology and their interconnections that relate to unification, and discuss prospects for the future. Thus there are currently three empirical data that point to supersymmetry as an underlying symmetry of particle physics: the unification of gauge couplings within supersymmetry, the fact that nature respects the supersymmetry prediction that the Higgs boson mass lie below 130 GeV, and vacuum stability up to the Planck scale with a Higgs boson mass at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]125 GeV while the Standard Model does not do that. Coupled with the fact that supersymmetry solves the big hierarchy problem related to the quadratic divergence to the Higgs boson mass square along with the fact that there is no alternative paradigm that allows us to extrapolate physics from the electroweak scale to the grand unification scale consistent with experiment, supersymmetry remains a compelling framework for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The large loop correction to the Higgs boson mass in supersymmetry to lift the tree mass to the experimentally observable value, indicates a larger value of the scale of weak scale supersymmetry, making the observation of sparticles more challenging but still within reach at the LHC for the lightest ones. Recent analyses show that a high energy LHC (HE-LHC) operating at 27 TeV running at its optimal luminosity of [Formula: see text] can reduce the discovery period by several years relative to HL-LHC and significantly extend the reach in parameter space of models. In the coming years several experiments related to neutrino physics, searches for supersymmetry, on dark matter and dark energy will have direct impact on the unification frontier. Thus the discovery of sparticles will establish supersymmetry as a fundamental symmetry of nature and also lend direct support for strings. Further, discovery of sparticles associated with missing energy will constitute discovery of dark matter with LSP being the dark matter. On the cosmology front more accurate measurement of the equation of state, i.e. [Formula: see text], will shed light on the nature of dark energy. Specifically, [Formula: see text] will likely indicate the existence of a dynamical field, possibly quintessence, responsible for dark energy and [Formula: see text] would indicate an entirely new sector of physics. Further, more precise measurements of the ratio [Formula: see text] of tensor to scalar power spectrum, of the scalar and tensor spectral indices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and of non-Gaussianity will hopefully allow us to realize a Standard Model of inflation. These results will be a guide to further model building that incorporates unification of particle physics and cosmology.

A Clifford-gravity-based cosmology, dark matter and dark energy

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Castro
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Vacuum Energy Density ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

A Clifford-gravity-based model is exploited to build a generalized action (beyond the current ones used in the literature) and arrive at relevant numerical results which are consistent with the presently-observed de Sitter accelerating expansion of the universe driven by a very small vacuum energy density ρ obs ~ 10-120(MP)4 (MP is the Planck mass) and provide promising dark energy/matter candidates in terms of the 16 scalars corresponding to the degrees of freedom associated with a Cl (3, 1)-algebra-valued scalar field Φ in four dimensions.

scholarly journals Outstanding questions: physics beyond the Standard Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1961) ◽  
pp. 818-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Higgs Boson ◽  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Universe

The Standard Model of particle physics agrees very well with experiment, but many important questions remain unanswered, among them are the following. What is the origin of particle masses and are they due to a Higgs boson? How does one understand the number of species of matter particles and how do they mix? What is the origin of the difference between matter and antimatter, and is it related to the origin of the matter in the Universe? What is the nature of the astrophysical dark matter? How does one unify the fundamental interactions? How does one quantize gravity? In this article, I introduce these questions and discuss how they may be addressed by experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, with particular attention to the search for the Higgs boson and supersymmetry.

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